Protocol

meetings of the Council of Teachers No. 3

GBOU secondary school with. Kurumoch

Structural unit Kindergarten "Belochka"

Protocol No. 1,

CHAIRMAN: Boroday T.A.

SECRETARY: Arkhipova T.V.

Present:

Head Boroday T.A.

Art. teacher Arkhipova T.V.

Group tutors

Narrow specialists: Suraeva I.M.

Khokhrina A.V.

Agenda.

1. Planning work on the formation of ideas about a person in history and culture: problems and ways to solve them, taking into account the FGT (based on the results of checking plans)

2. Round table on the topic: "The development of the concept of a person in the history of culture"

3.Practical part: presentation by each group of new promising forms of work to form children's ideas about a person in the history of culture

4. Results of thematic control on the education of ideas about a person in history and culture

Heard:

1. Arkhipov T.V.

The entry of a child into the world of human culture is one of the priorities pedagogical work preparing children for schooling. In this regard, there is a need for in-depth work on the formation of the foundations of social and legal consciousness, the development of ideas about the place of man in history and culture, and the role in technical progress. For systematic work, the following tasks were defined:

• acquaintance of children with the history of the emergence of the village of Kurumoch; culture, traditions and way of life of the indigenous population.
• the formation in children of the foundations of national self-consciousness and love for the motherland;
• the formation in children of ideas about the history of civilization: the way of life of a person in antiquity and on present stage, about the development of human labor;
• development in children elementary representations about technical progress: improvement of means of transportation, changes in human living conditions, development of means of communication;
• development of the foundations of the legal consciousness of preschoolers;
• instilling in children a sense of pride in the achievements of science and technology of our Motherland;
• upbringing positive attitude preschoolers to the people around them - respect for children and adults, regardless of social origin, race and nationality, language; respect for the dignity of other people, their opinions, culture and traditions.

Planning of work with children in this section is carried out within the framework of the "Program of education and training in kindergarten" edited by M.A. Vasilyeva, as well as on the basis of the teaching aids "What was before ... Games - travel to the past of objects" "Man-made world" by O.B. Dybina, “The development of ideas about a person in history and culture” by I.F. Mulco, partial program social development"I am human". Long-term planning has been developed in three areas: specially organized classes, joint activities of the teacher with children, and independent activities of children.

The topics of the classes are divided into the following blocks:

• I and my family;
• Our Motherland is Russia;
• Story native land;
• Life, culture and art of the peoples of the North;
• Safety behavior at home and on the street;
• History of civilization;
• Technical progress;
• Human rights.

To carry out work on the development of ideas about a person in history and culture, an appropriate subject-developing environment has been created:

• rule learning corner traffic: layout "Our street", "Crossroads", didactic games"ABC of caution", loto " Road signs”, demonstration and handout on life safety;
• a corner of moral and patriotic education "My homeland is Russia", where the symbols of the country, district, city, dolls in national clothes, household items and cultures of peoples are attached Far North, albums "We live in the North", "Nadym city of childhood" "
• mini-museum "Visiting Grandma Arina" to get acquainted with the life, culture and traditions of the Russian people.
• thematic exhibitions "Modes of Transport", "Specialized Equipment", "Where Man Lived (Evolution of Dwelling)", "Modern and Ancient Writing", "Means of Communication".

2. Bryndina A.A.

She advocated the idea of ​​creating mini-museums for each age group on a specific topic.

Work is much more successful if it is interesting not only for teachers, but also for parents. Cooperation of teachers with parents in the organization of mini-museums, creative exhibitions necessary.

Parents are informed about visiting exhibitions and museums by their children. In advance, before the excursion, parents are notified about where and when it will take place. Parents take a great part in replenishing the exhibits of mini-museums, and also take an active part in exhibitions. For example: "Second life to a toy", "Dolls of our grandmothers". The process of assimilation by a person of the traditions of his people, artistic culture is complex and lengthy, carried out throughout his life. The means of museum pedagogy make it possible to make this process bright and joyful, to teach a child to deeply perceive the art and beauty of the surrounding world, to take care of the artistic and cultural heritage of his people.

Bykova M.A. Made a presentation on a specific topic.

Relevance:

Folk art is a great force that links the past, present and future. Everything that our ancestors left us: folk songs, epics, fairy tales, Russian huts with beautiful examples of objects of arts and crafts, should remain in our memory.

Problem:

Children have a poorly developed cognitive interest in the history of folk toys, folk craftsmen, and painting.

Children have a poor vocabulary of arts and crafts.

Artistic works were sold and were famous not only in Russia but also abroad. They were more affected by the trends of the time, the vagaries of fashion, the tastes of customers. Peasant art developed in line with traditions determined by a stable, measured way of life. folk life, which largely determined the specific artistic structure of folk craft, the features of its form and content.

3. Arkhipov T.V.

Conclusion on thematic control.

The thematic control carried out showed that the problem of forming ideas about a person in history and culture is relevant and it is solved in the preschool educational institution:

through classes, free activity children, through regime moments, during walks.

In groups, conditions have been created for the formation of ideas about a person in history and culture: reflection of this in zones, in didactic and role-playing games, in the illustrative material accumulated by educators.

1. pay attention to the planning system for working with children and parents in groups;

2. Include theatrical activities of children in the work plan;

3. replenish illustrative visual material;

4. continue the exchange of experience between teachers;

5. create and replenish a mini-museum in your group.

Draft decision of the teachers' council

1. To develop memos for teachers and parents on the implementation of the rights of children in kindergarten and in the family.

2. In order to intensify work to familiarize children with history and culture, create conditions in groups to increase the cognitive activity of preschoolers.

3. Schedule a parent meeting in the II quarter of a thematic parent meeting for legal education in all age groups.

4.Develop advanced planning in the section "Development of ideas about the place of man in history and culture."

5. Make a selection of musical works for listening on this topic by age groups.

5. Make a selection of illustrative material on the topics of classes.

6. Improve your professional level on this topic.

Deadline permanently Responsible: Art. educator, educators

Target: formation of a value attitude towards a person.

Tasks:

- clarify ideas about the sequence of stages of human life;

- contribute to the manifestation of the need to obtain information about the history of human development;

- to form ways of practical application of the information received in gaming activities.

Equipment: board game “What should I take with me to school?”; pictures of children different ages and adults; audio recording “What is taught at school” (music by V. Shainsky, lyrics by M. Plyatskovsky); ball; audio player.

caregiver. Guys, the teacher turned to us for help junior group Nina Semyonovna. She really wants to tell her kids about the history of human development. But she has so few pictures of it! And the kids love looking at them! To whom did Nina Semyonovna turn with a request to pick up such pictures for her! Parents of younger children even looked for such a book in bookstores. However, they could not find it in any store. Then Nina Semyonovna remembered you guys, and it was not by chance that she turned to you for help. She knows that you have been told and read a lot on this topic, in your group you have albums, pictures, books, games about the history of human development. How can you help the teacher of the younger group?

Children. We can give them our pictures, tell them about our games, books, albums.

Children post photos prepared in advance together with their parents, cut out from glossy magazines, catalogs, advertising brochures depicting people of different ages: infants, preschoolers, schoolchildren, adults, the elderly.

Educator. Well done, what a great idea you all have! Look how many pictures we have about people of different ages! Let's stick them on a large sheet of paper, then it will be convenient for the kids to look at them, and the poster we made will help Nina Semyonovna to tell in an interesting way about those important and interesting events that happen in the life of any person. Remember, please, where does the history of man begin?

Children. Since his birthday.

caregiver. That's right, the history of man begins with his birth.

Do you think a person could be born if there were no dad and mom in the world?

Children. No.

Educator. That's right, guys, without mom and dad, a person would never be able to be born, so all people are grateful to their parents for being born. How can you express this gratitude?

Children. Help your parents, don't upset them.

Educator. Yes, guys, all people try not to upset dad and mom, help them in everything, make sure that they have more rest, do not get sick. I suggest you choose from the pictures those on which babies are drawn and stick them on a large sheet.

Children independently choose a place on the sheet and paste pictures of babies. Near this group of pictures, the teacher writes the word “kids” with a felt-tip pen on a sheet.

When the child grows up a little, he goes to kindergarten, where nannies, tutors, and other children are waiting for him. What do children learn in kindergarten?

Children. Sing, draw, make up stories, dance, play.

caregiver. Many songs have been invented about kindergarten, I propose to sing one of them.

Children sing a song about kindergarten.

And most importantly, what happens to a person at this age is that he makes friends. And it so happens that these friends stay with him for life.

Physical education "Finger game"

Friends in our group Children put their fingers together "in the castle"

Girls and boys.

We will make friends with you Press palms to each other.

Little fingers.

The pads of the fingers are tapped against each other.

One two three four five - Put your hands down, shake your hands.

Educator. Please select pictures of small children attending kindergarten and stick them on the sheet.

Children choose pictures of preschoolers and stick them in a certain place on the sheet. Near this group of pictures, the teacher makes the inscription "little children."

Guys, where does the child go after kindergarten?

Children. To school.

caregiver. Yes, after kindergarten, the child goes to school. Do you know what they teach at school?

An audio recording of the song “What is taught at school” sounds (music by V. Shainsky, lyrics by M. Plyatskovsky).

caregiver. I suggest you play a game that will help you remember what school supplies students go to school with.

Lotto game "What do you need to take with you to school?"

A briefcase is drawn on a large map, around which you need to lay out small cards depicting school supplies (notebooks, alphabet books, pens, pencils, erasers, rulers) and other items.

caregiver. Select the pictures on which the schoolchildren are drawn and stick them on the sheet.

Children choose from other pictures those on which schoolchildren are drawn and stick them on the poster.

Near a group of pictures with images of children school age the teacher makes the inscription "schoolchildren" on the sheet.

What does a person do after graduation?

Children. Working or studying.

Educator. When a person graduates from school, he becomes an adult and can either get a job or study further. An adult creates a family, he has children. He loves his family members, takes care of his parents, works, and spends his free time interestingly. Please select pictures of adults and stick them on the sheet.

Children paste pictures of adults. On the poster next to this group of pictures, the teacher makes the inscription "adults" and invites them to consider.

Try to guess who these people are.

Children make guesses.

How did you guess?

Children. By uniforms, tools that they hold in their hands.

Educator. Adults work a lot, they have different professions. And to remember who your parents work for, I suggest playing a game.

Physical education "Name your mother's (father's) profession"

The teacher throws the ball to the child, and he returns it and calls the profession of mom (dad).

caregiver. Guys, what do adults work for?

Children. To earn money and use it to buy clothes, food, furniture, a car, go to the theater, travel.

caregiver. That's right, guys, if adults didn't work, they couldn't live, because you need to eat, get medical treatment, be beautiful, listen to music, it's interesting to have a rest. Parents are always older than their children, they know a lot, they know how. They love their children very much, take care of them and always make sure that the children feel good. How do parents take care of their child?

Children. They cook delicious food, read interesting books, walk with him, travel, buy clothes, toys.

caregiver. You all spoke correctly about how parents make sure that their children are healthy, grow quickly, live interesting lives, and learn a lot. Therefore, parents should always be listened to and do as they advise. Adults spend a lot of time and energy on work and creativity. When an adult gets old, he retires. Please select pictures of elderly people and stick them on the sheet.

On a sheet near a group of pictures pasted by children depicting elderly people, the teacher makes the inscription “elderly people”.

Guys, which of you grandmothers are retired? What are they doing?

The children answer.

I propose to play a game during which you will not only tell, but also show with the help of your hands about what your grandmothers like to do.

Physical education "My grandmother"

Children walk in a circle, and the teacher reads a poem.

I am with my grandmother

I've been friends for a long time

She is in everything

Along with me.

I do not know boredom with her,

And I love everything about her.

But grandmother's hands

I love everything the most.

The teacher asks what the grandmother can do, the children depict this activity with their hands.

Educator. Old man cannot do many of the things that children can. Why?

Children. It is difficult for older people to run, jump, walk.

caregiver. How can you help them?

Children. Do not make noise when they are resting, give way to transport, pick up things that they have dropped.

caregiver. What proverbs and sayings about the elderly do you know?

Children. “Youth is strong with its shoulders, old age is with its head”, “You can’t live without the old”, “The older, the more right”, “Old and smart - two lands in it.”

Educator. How do you understand the meaning of the proverb "The older, the more right"?

Children. Elderly people know a lot, they can do a lot.

caregiver. Yes, guys, the elderly have lived long life, they know and can do a lot, they are wise, you need to listen to them. A man lives long, and when he is old, he dies. A person is remembered even after death by other people. Why is he remembered?

Children. Because the person has done many good and kind deeds for others.

caregiver. That's right, a person manages to do a lot of good things in his life. And the more joy he brings to other people, the longer his memory lives.

The teacher draws the attention of the children to the sheet with pasted pictures.

Look at what a wonderful poster about the history of man we have turned out with you! Do you think he will help Nina Semyonovna to acquaint the kids with the history of human development? Why?

Children. Yes, it will help, because we divided the pictures into groups: “babies”, “small children”, “schoolchildren”, “adults”, “elderly people” and signed them.

caregiver. I agree with you that this poster will help Nina Semyonovna tell the kids that in the life of every person from birth to old age there are many events that make up his story.

Polikarpova Nina Alexandrovna,
methodologist GBDOU kindergarten №23
Petrogradsky district of St. Petersburg

To date, there have been trends in strengthening the multiculturalism of education, which involves taking into account cultural and educational interests. different peoples, interaction between people with different traditions. Under ethnocultural education is understood as a complex, meaningful, pedagogically organized process during which the child learns the values, traditions, culture of the people. There are several approaches to the definition of ethno-cultural education of children in the literature. The first approach is disclosed in the works of S.A. Kozlova. The author connects ethno-cultural education with the social and personal development of children and considers the educational potential of folk pedagogy as a condition for the development of national and planetary thinking. Position S.A. Kozlova is that children need to be educated in interest and respect for the culture of their own and other nations, the ability to be tolerant of children and adults, regardless of national differences. Another author, T. Yu. Kupach, considers the humanization of the social education of preschoolers on the basis of introducing children to cultural and historical traditions. According to the author, cultural and historical traditions are those traditions that have been accumulated directly in the nearest society: labor, customs, mores, crafts, creativity, folklore, etc. The second approach determines the significance of the cultural and historical experience of the people, represented in the material and spiritual culture (T.Yu. Kupach, G.N. Volkov, I.F. Galiguzov, etc.).

In turn, I also consider it necessary to introduce the child to the cultural and historical heritage. When working with preschoolers in our time, the issue of moral, spiritual, patriotic education of children, ethno-cultural education is acute. And one of the surest ways is to inherit the moral and aesthetic values ​​of the native culture, which, first of all, begins with the immediate environment: with love and respect in the family, with love and respect for the native city, for the native culture. At the same time, in the future it is important to show the full significance of humanity as a whole, how a person developed, how he gradually arranged his life, showing all his ingenuity, imagination, and creativity.

Ever since primitive people created the first stone tools and made fire in ancient times, human thought has not calmed down for a minute. People sought to learn more and more about the world around them, to influence it more and more actively.

The result of this impact was what we have now. In the future, each child will have to keep everything acquired by his ancestors, and for this he needs to learn how to properly manage the acquired property and own it in such a way as to increase it. In this regard, our task is to develop in the child a sense of reverent attitude to everything that humanity has bequeathed to him and a desire to make our world more beautiful.

The above is the relevance of the stated topic.

Having started working in this area more than twelve years ago, I was faced with the lack of methodological literature. A little later, such developments appeared as:

Dybina O.V., What was before ...: Travel Games into the past of objects. - M .: TC Sphere, 2004 .;

Novitskaya M.Yu., Heritage. Patriotic education in kindergarten. M.: Pinka-Press, 2003.;

Mulko I.F., The development of ideas about man in history and culture: Toolkit for DOW. - M .: TC Sphere, 2004 .;

To date, there are already partial programs:

O.L. Knyazeva, M.D. Makhaneva, Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture.

E.V. Pchelintseva, Enduring values ​​of a small motherland.

LN Galiguzova, S.Yu. Meshcheryakova, The development of children's ideas about history and culture.

I, in turn, want to offer my system of work, I have highlighted the following sections and subsections:

1. History of civilization.

Man's way of life in antiquity.

Man's labor.

2. Technical progress.

Changing the conditions of human life.

Improvement of means of transportation.

Development of means of communication.

3.Social and legal consciousness.

In addition, due to the fact that the goal is physical and mental development pupils is always relevant, I consider it necessary to include as one of the subsections of the section "History of civilization" the topic: "History of sports and sports competitions."

I have developed thematic planning, on the basis of which work has been carried out in kindergarten for several years

Thematic planning by direction

"The development of ideas about man in history and culture"

October-November, topic: "Development of means of communication"

	Senior group How do people communicate from a distance? Target: form ideas about the development of means of communication Tasks: To acquaint children with the means of communication in the ancient world and at the present time Develop observation and judgment skills ・Cultivate interest in technological progress preparatory group "What? Where? When?" Target: to introduce children to the great achievements of people in the field of information exchange Tasks: Clarify and systematize children's knowledge about the development of means of communication develop in children the ability to establish causal relationships and relationships, the ability to reason and draw conclusions; skill to work in team; curiosity, attention and willpower nurture respectful attitude towards each other in the process joint work interest in human history
Cooperative activity	Drawing rock paintings (on stones) Dramatization games “Convey information through facial expressions and gestures” "Tell a story on the phone" Watching excerpts from the video film "From the history of Russian writing" P/N “Where we were, we won’t say, but what we saw, we’ll show” - “Tell through sound” (musical activity) Designing communication tools from a small constructor Composing riddles Finger gymnastics Excursion to the library (or joint activity on a topic based on the library) Release of the first issue of the magazine entitled "From rock art to computer"
Organization of the development environment	D / I "From rock art to a computer" (cut pictures) Rock paintings - a product of children's activities Related illustrations Children's encyclopedias Magazine "From rock art to computer"

November-December, topic: « The way of life of man in antiquity»

Directly educational activities	Senior group "Caveman" Target: introduce children to the history of mankind Tasks: form ideas about the lifestyle of a caveman develop curiosity and imagination educate interest in the way of life of a person in antiquity preparatory group "Caveman Lifestyle" Target: introduce children to the origins of the origin of mankind Tasks: Clarify and systematize children's ideas about the way of life of a person in antiquity Develop the ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships and make inferences nurture interest in the cultural heritage of antiquity
Cooperative activity	Construction of a model of the dwelling of an ancient man Examination of illustrations and cognitive conversations on the topic Watch clips from the Walking with a Caveman video Drawing and writing stories from children's drawings - "Ancient Man's Cave" (constructive activity) - "Hunting for a mammoth" (productive activity from waste material) Coordination of speech with movement Finger gymnastics
Organization of the development environment	D / I "Evolution of ordinary things" Ancient Man's Cave (layout) Related illustrations Exhibitions of productive visual activity of children Children's encyclopedias Magazine "At the dawn of mankind"

December-January, topic: "Changing the conditions of human life"

Direct educational activities	Senior group "My house" Target: show the role of utilities and household appliances in human life Tasks: form ideas about the conditions of life modern man using the concepts: household appliances, plumbing, central heating, electric lighting; show. How much living conditions have changed since the time of the caveman develop the ability to compare, expressing your thoughts in a coherent speech To educate in children the desire to be active and not indifferent to the world around them preparatory group How has the human habitation changed? Target: introduce children to the great achievements in the field of technological progress Tasks: form ideas about the change in the conditions of human life from the ancient world to the present day (heating, lighting, water supply) develop the ability to see the connection between phenomena, develop the speech of children Develop the desire to be creative
Cooperative activity	D / I "Household appliances" D / I "My apartment" D / I "Evolution of ordinary things" Working with encyclopedias Collage "How cozy it is in our house" ( teamwork) Drawing and compiling the story "House of the Future" Drawing up, guessing riddles about household appliances Making house models (individual work) Coordination of speech with movement Finger gymnastics Preparation and publication of the magazine "The house in which I live" Walking tour to get acquainted with the immediate environment (different types of buildings, their purpose)
Organization of the development environment	D / I "Household appliances" D / I "My apartment" D / I "Evolution of ordinary things" Related illustrations Layouts: "Apartment", "Multi-storey building", "Russian hut", "Castle" Collage "How cozy it is in our house" Magazine "The house where I live" Children's encyclopedias coloring pages

January-February, topic: "History of sports and sports competitions"

Direct educational activities	Cognitive and physical education leisure for older children preschool age "Time travel" Target: to form in children a positive attitude towards sports and healthy lifestyle life through familiarizing them with the bright pages of the history of sports, the role of sports in people's lives in different historical eras Tasks: generalize and systematize knowledge about sports, ways of organizing competitions, about the importance and place of sports in the cultural and social life of people from the following historical eras: caveman, Ancient Greece, the Middle Ages (chivalry), 21st century develop in children the ability to establish causal relationships between the facts known to them, reason, draw conclusions; work in a team - be aware of the significance of their actions for the result of the team Develop skills to participate in relay races to cultivate interest in the history of sports, respect for the achievements of previous generations; the desire to be strong, dexterous, skillful, beautiful; desire to play sports
Cooperative activity	- "Knight's Castle" (construction) D / I "Olympic Games" P / I - imitation "We are athletes" D / I "Who needs what" - "Guess the athlete by action" (word game) - “I am an athlete” (sculpting) R/I "Team of Champions" Compilation of stories on the topic "Winter sports" Speech coordination by shift Finger gymnastics Release of the third issue of the magazine "Nimble, strong and fast"
Organization of the development environment	D / I "Who needs what" D / I "Olympic Games" Visual and didactic manual “Stories from pictures. Winter sports" Theme design on flannelgraph (Olympic symbols) Product of children's activity "I am an athlete" Children's encyclopedias Photo exhibition "We are athletes" Magazine "Nimble, strong, fast"

February-March, topic: "Development of social and legal consciousness"

Direct educational activities	Senior group "Children and Parents" Target: contribute to the formation of an idea of ​​the importance of the family in the life of each person Tasks: to form an idea of ​​the importance of the family in the life of a child develop interest in family traditions Develop respect for elders preparatory group "Convention on the Rights of the Child" Target: form ideas about human rights given to him from birth Tasks: To acquaint children with the main content of the international document "Convention on the Rights of the Child" to develop in children the basics of legal consciousness, the desire and ability to reckon with the rights of other people develop respect for the opinions and feelings of others
Cooperative activity	Examining illustrations and conducting informative conversations on the topic Drawing "My family" Compilation of stories "Family Traditions" Conversation "What and why is depicted on my family coat of arms" Discourse on the topic "What is friendship?" D / I "Fotofit" D / I "Guess the feeling" Dramatization games Reading excerpts from works of art Speech coordination by shift Finger gymnastics Preparation and release of the fourth issue of the magazine "In the world of love and harmony"
Organization of the development environment	Exhibition "Coat of arms of our family" D / I "Fotofit" D / I "Guess the feeling" Exhibitions productive activity children by topic Related illustrations Didactic manual on flannelgraph "Convention on the Rights of the Child" Magazine "In the world of love and harmony"

March-April, topic: "Improvement of vehicles"

Direct educational activities	Senior group "Around the world in 80 Days" Target: show the role of transport in people's lives Tasks: form ideas about various types of transport (air, water, rail, urban, space, etc.) develop the ability to find similarities and differences, use a generalizing word Develop an interest in technology preparatory group "From Carriage to Rocket" Target: to introduce children to the great achievements of children in the field of technological progress Tasks: form ideas about changing forms different types transport in connection with technological progress and the needs of society Develop the ability to reason and draw conclusions nurture interest in technological progress
Cooperative activity	D / I "From the carriage to the rocket" D / I "Evolution of transport" D / I "Flies, swims, rides" Productive visual activity "Underwater transport" (from waste material) "Space transport" (origami) Constructive activity as conceived by children and presentation of their design Examining illustrations and conducting informative conversations on the topic - "Sounds of wheels" (musical activity) Coordination of speech with movement Finger gymnastics Walking tour "Transport of our city" Preparation and release of the fifth issue of the magazine "From the Carriage to the Rocket"
Organization of the development environment	D / I "From the carriage to the rocket" D / I "Evolution of transport" D / I "Flies, swims, rides" Exhibitions of children's works Related illustrations Children's encyclopedias Magazine "From carriage to rocket"

The theme "Human labor" is a cross-cutting one, and is partially present in each of these topics as an integral part. At the end of April, one general event is proposed, the purpose of which is to bring to the consciousness of children that everything that has been achieved by mankind has become possible only thanks to continuous work and diligence. The following games are included in joint and independent activities:

D / I "Playing a profession"

R/I "Professions"

D / I "Ring and Sword" (crafts of Kievan Rus)

Advice for educators.

"Formation in preschool children of ideas about a person in history and culture based on the study of the traditions and customs of their native land."

MDOU "Cinderella", Yangel settlement, 2015

Educator:

Without memory, there are no traditions; without traditions, there is no culture; without culture, there is no education; without education, there is no spirituality; without spirituality, there is no personality; without personality, there is no people as a historical personality.

Historicism is inherent in any cognition, regardless of its form, since there are no non-developing objects in the world. The socio-historical experience of mankind is accumulated in the form of phenomena of the external objective world that surrounds a person.

The need for historical knowledge for the development of a perspective view of the surrounding objects was noted by Aristotle, who put forward the idea that without understanding the past, we cannot understand the present.

The world around objects with early age arouses curiosity in a person, a keen interest, a desire to enter this world, transform it, improve it. To satisfy this desire, by the end of preschool age, a child must have a sufficient stock of ideas about the history of creation and change of objects by man.

The entire body of historical knowledge can be conditionally divided into two large groups:

1) knowledge about the history of the emergence and development of any objects of material reality;

2) knowledge about the history of human cognition of these objects.

The first group of historical knowledge is available to preschool children for assimilation, since ideas about the process of transformation by a person of the objective world from the moment of its creation create the prospect of its further improvement. In addition, turning to the past is one of the means of self-knowledge, determining one's place in the world and in time (past - present - future), one's value orientations.

In the process of historical knowledge, the child masters the world of objects, comprehends the dialectics of its development, inherits the experience of the past, completes the objective world, “remakes” nature, acts as a subject, an active bearer of social essence, a creator, an actor.

presentation of a historical view of the objective world is impossible:

1) be limited only to a monologue - a story about the past of objects; it is necessary to include as many actions as possible in the familiarization process (sit on a log, light a room with a candle, put on long clothes and walk around in it, write a few words with a fountain pen, etc.);

2) lose sight of the main direction of the process when describing the history of the creation of a thing: a person creates many objects, changes and improves the ways of using them to meet the different needs (natural, spiritual, intellectual, etc.) of adults and children;

3) overload children with complex historical information;

4) to reduce the organization of acquaintance with history only to the form of cognitive activities.

And first of all, it is necessary to educate a child in a humanistic principle, to give an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bgenuine human values ​​in order to form in children an idea of ​​\u200b\u200ba person in history.

In turn, I also consider it necessary to introduce the child to the cultural and historical heritage. When working with preschoolers in our time, the issue of moral, spiritual, patriotic education of children, ethno-cultural education is acute. And one of the surest ways is to inherit the moral and aesthetic values ​​of the native culture, which, first of all, begins with the immediate environment: with love and respect in the family, with love and respect for the native city, for the native culture. At the same time, in the future it is important to show the full significance of humanity as a whole, how a person developed, how he gradually arranged his life, showing all his ingenuity, imagination, and creativity.

Ever since primitive people created the first stone tools and made fire in ancient times, human thought has not calmed down for a minute. People sought to learn more and more about the world around them, to influence it more and more actively.

The result of this impact was what we have now. In the future, each child will have to keep everything acquired by his ancestors, and for this he needs to learn how to properly manage the acquired property and own it in such a way as to increase it. In this regard, our task is to develop in the child a sense of reverent attitude to everything that humanity has bequeathed to him and a desire to make our world more beautiful.

in his article " Preschool education” notes: “One can talk about many reasons this phenomenon, but the main thing, in our opinion, is the insufficient attention of educational structures to regional cultural and historical processes and phenomena. Close and dear is always laid down in a person as fundamental and unshakable. And the immediate subject-spatial environment of a person provides him with the development of even the most complex material at a personal, understandable and accessible level.

It is at the regional level that many functions of culture can be realized as necessary conditions for its existence: knowledge of the history of the culture of the region, its preservation, transmission and revival. Therefore, the need to use regional cultural and historical values ​​at all levels of education is comprehensive and purposeful for the formation of a citizen of their small homeland and the country as a whole.

The attractive force lies in what surrounds us from childhood? Why, even after leaving his native places for many years, a person remembers them with warmth, and living in the village, he constantly, proudly tells the guest about the beauty and wealth of his native land? This is an expression of deep love for everything that from an early age entered the heart as the most precious. Adults pass on their love for their native places, knowledge of what the native land is famous for, what its nature is, what kind of work people do.

It is at the regional level that many functions of culture can be realized as necessary conditions for its existence: knowledge of the history of the culture of the region, its preservation and revival. It is necessary to use regional cultural and historical values ​​at all levels of education in order to become a citizen of one's small Motherland and the country as a whole.
Mikhalkov said: “Only one who loves, appreciates and respects what has been accumulated and preserved by the previous generation can love the Motherland, recognize it, become a true patriot”

Kolesina Nadezhda Alekseevna

Educator, MADOU Mikhnevsky CRR d / s, pos. Mikhnevo Stupinsky district Moscow region

Kolesina N.A. Familiarization of preschoolers with the history and culture of the Fatherland (from work experience) // Sovushka. 2016. No. 3(5)..12.2019).

Goals:

Patriotism is a natural phenomenon and necessary for the full existence of every citizen. As a national state idea, it is formed throughout the history of the Fatherland, and at the same time, relying on the past, as a developing idea, it always looks to the future. Patriotism is a feeling of pride in one's country. Preschool age is a time of intensive development of the child's personality. During this period, the formation of spiritual moral basis child, emotions, feelings, thinking, mechanisms of social adaptation in society, the process of self-awareness in the world around begins. This segment of a person's life is the most favorable for the emotional and psychological impact on the child, since his images of perception are very bright and strong, and therefore they remain in memory for a long time, and sometimes for life, which is very important in the education of patriotism. At the same time, it should be noted that the upbringing of patriotic feelings is an urgent and rather difficult task for modern Russia.

We have developed a program of upbringing and educational work with children, aimed at enriching preschoolers' ideas about their native land and forming patriotic feelings in them.

A long-term plan for acquainting pupils with the history and culture of our region

№	OOD theme	Purpose of OOD
1	"Journey through Russia"	To develop in children a sense of patriotism and love for their homeland
2	"Big and Small Motherland"	To expand the ideas of preschool children about the Motherland, large and small
3	"Symbols of the native country"	To introduce children to the coat of arms, flag, anthem of Russia. Give an idea about the designations of symbols on the coat of arms and the flag.
4	"I love my village"	To expand the knowledge of children about their native village, its attractions
5		To develop in children patriotic feelings for their homeland, to instill love for a small homeland, to cultivate tolerance, a culture of behavior
6	"Famous people of the village"	To acquaint children with our countrymen who have contributed to the prosperity of our region.
7	"Defenders of the land of Mikhnevskaya"	To form a sense of pride in their countrymen's heroes, to acquaint them with the military victories of our people and monuments of military glory
8	Leisure "Family traditions and customs in Rus'"	To expand and deepen the pupils' understanding of the ancient family traditions and customs. Arouse the desire to be participants in these holidays.

The level of children's ideas about their native land largely depends on what content (accessibility and amount of material for perception and understanding) is selected by the teacher, what methods and techniques are used, how the subject-developing environment is organized in a group, in a preschool educational institution.

When instilling in children a feeling of love for their native village, we tried to bring them to the understanding that their village is a part of our great Motherland. To be a citizen, a patriot is by all means to be an internationalist. Therefore, we combined the upbringing of love for our Fatherland, pride in our people, our country with the formation of a tolerant attitude towards the culture of other peoples, towards each person individually. So, during the lesson “Journey through Russia”, the children learned how big our Motherland is, no country in the world has such a vast territory as Russia. The children learned that when people go to bed at one end of our country, morning begins at the other. It can snow at one end of our country, and the sun can bake at the other. To get from one end to the other by train, you have to travel 7 days - a week, and fly by plane - almost a day. We learned what nationalities live in Russia, how many cultures live and touch each other on the territory of one country. The children got acquainted with the names of cities, rivers, mountains, having made a correspondence trip on the map of Russia.

The children made excursions to the Transfiguration Church in the village of Mikhnevo, to the sights of the village. It has become a tradition to hold Christmas meetings, Maslenitsa, Easter holidays in kindergarten. All these activities help us instill in children respect for moral standards, to form a feeling of love for the Motherland based on the study of cultural national traditions, as well as to orient the family towards the spiritual and moral education of children through the formation of ideas about the forms of the traditional family way of life. In preschool educational institutions and groups, corners with the state symbols of Russia are equipped. During the year, we organized a meeting with veterans of the Great Patriotic War, spent leisure time "May 9 - Victory Day", "Defender of the Fatherland Day", and the O.JI program is being implemented in the kindergarten. Knyazeva, M. D. Makhaneva "Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture." To identify the dynamics in the development of patriotic feelings in older preschoolers, we conducted a test. Comparison of the obtained results with the data of the initial testing made it possible to identify a positive trend in the formation of patriotic feelings among older preschoolers in the process of getting acquainted with the history and culture of the region.

Summing up the results of the study, it can be argued that love for the Motherland in children begins with love for their small Motherland - the place where a person was born. In this regard, it is of great importance to familiarize preschoolers with the historical, cultural, national, geographical originality of their native region. Getting acquainted with their native city, village, country, its sights, children learn to realize themselves living in a certain time period, in certain ethno-cultural conditions and at the same time to join the history and culture of our Fatherland. The main indicators of love for the native land, I think, are love for the small Motherland, and for people, and knowledge of the history of folk culture and traditions, folk crafts.

From an early age, the child develops feelings, character traits that connect him directly with his people, his country. However, as teachers-practitioners note, the problem of instilling love for the motherland in children is extremely complex. The feeling of love for the Fatherland is formed in children gradually, in the process of accumulating knowledge and ideas about the social life of the country, the work of people, and nature. This complex feeling is born out of love for loved ones, for the place where the child was born, where the years of his childhood passed, for his small homeland.

The problem of educating children to love the Motherland has always been relevant, but it has acquired special significance at the present time. In recent years, our Fatherland has changed. His past is critically reviewed. But we will not have another history, another Fatherland. History cannot be judged, it must be studied in order to gain wisdom from the experience of our ancestors, not to repeat their mistakes.

The Moscow region, with its rich military and labor past, provides great opportunities for the formation of a sense of

pride in your people. The social and cultural environment itself here contributes to the education of the foundations of morality and patriotism among the younger generation. In recent years, interest in the national culture, the artistic origins of their people, the region has grown.

The guiding idea is to sow and nurture in the child's soul the seeds of love for home, family, to the history and culture of the small Motherland, created by the labors of relatives and friends, those who are called compatriots. Inheritance of the moral and spiritual values ​​of the native culture at preschool age is the most natural, and therefore the surest way of patriotic education, instilling a sense of love for the Fatherland. The idea is based on the rich culture of the Russian people,

On the basis of theoretical

On practical grounds,

as well as ethnographic material, assembled by the team kindergarten, which reflects the traditional everyday culture of the Russian people.

The love of a small child of a preschooler for the Motherland begins with an attitude towards the closest people: father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, with love for his home, the street on which he lives, kindergarten, village. Working in depth on the problem of spiritual, moral, patriotic education of children, we are convinced that the education of love for the small Motherland should be primarily associated with the surrounding social life and those closest and accessible objects that surround the child. The exhibits of our museum "Russian Izba" allow you to acquaint children with the material forms of folk culture (everyday life, utensils, the interior of a peasant hut) art forms (handicrafts, folk costumes, toys.)

We have developed cognitive activities to familiarize children with folk crafts and crafts, as well as a cycle of classes, entertainment to familiarize children with the traditionally everyday culture of the Russian people. Working on the problem spiritually - moral education preschoolers should consider the following:

• familiarization of preschoolers with their native land should naturally be included in a holistic educational process, built on the basis of determining the dominant goals basic program solved against the background of local history material;
• the introduction of local history material into work with children, taking into account the principle of a gradual transition from closer to the child, personally significant, to less close cultural and historical facts;
• the formation of a personal attitude to facts, events, phenomena in the life of the village, the creation of conditions for the active familiarization of children with social reality, increasing the personal significance of what is happening around;
• attracting children to participate in public holidays (Settlement Day, Victory Day, Defender of the Fatherland Day, Christmas, Easter, Maslenitsa, etc.), so that they have the opportunity to plunge into the atmosphere of general joy and fun, get to know the residents of our village - carriers of sociocultural traditions in areas of crafts, song, dance;
• a special role in the work on the patriotic education of preschool children is assigned to parents. After all, those cultural standards, spiritual values ​​that the family adheres to, as a rule, are also acquired by the child.

Work planning is carried out on the following topics:

1. My small and big Motherland. The history of the formation of the village of Mikhnevo.
2. Traditions of the village and the Russian people.
3. Masters of our village.
4. The legendary past and present of our region.

Thematic planning contributes to the systematic and effective assimilation of knowledge by children about their region, native village. Topics are repeated in each group, only the content, volume of cognitive material and complexity change.

Such a scheme of work made it possible to integrate with any stage of cognition by establishing new connections between thematic blocks by enriching the child with new life experiences. When returning to the material, local history content is filled with new concepts, meaning, values. So, with kids, we consider the house as a place where adults live and work, and with older children, as a place associated with the life of an interesting, honored person. For younger children, the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Church is a holy place where they come to pray, and for older children it is also an architectural monument erected on our land. We date certain topics to specific events and holidays, for example: “Heroes of the Russian Land” - in February, before the “Defender of the Fatherland Day”.

Taking into account age characteristics requires the wide use of game techniques, which are important both for increasing the cognitive activity of children and for creating an emotional atmosphere for the lesson. For example: in the game "Toy Store" the child is invited to find out where and from what material the handicraft is made (folk crafts). Of great interest to children are games - travel to the past of our village. We support each topic various games, productive activities (making crafts, albums, thematic drawings), for example, a selection of photos for the album “I love Mikhnevo.” Taking into account the peculiarities of thinking of preschool children (visual - figurative), we use not only illustrations, fiction, but also "live" visual objects and materials ( National costumes, antique furniture, crockery, tools). "Everyday life" is extremely effective for familiarizing children with the past, folk crafts. To do this, we use the Russian Izba museum in kindergarten, excursions to the library, the Transfiguration Church: it is here that the child has the opportunity for the first penetration into the history of the life of his native land, its past and present. Every moment of familiarization of preschoolers with their native village is permeated with the upbringing of respect for a person - a worker, a defender of our land, a citizen. Throughout their stay in kindergarten, children get acquainted with the best people of our village: artists, craftsmen, veterans of war and labor.

So they organized a meeting of children with our countrywoman, poetess A.S. Zubkova. Alexandra Sergeevna (a teacher on a well-deserved rest) has been writing poetry for a long time. A.S. Zubkova writes about the big and small Motherland, generously uses diminutive suffixes, melodiousness, the language is simple, the verses are easy to understand even for children. That is why everyone will remember this meeting for a long time.

Together with teachers and parents, the children prepared a literary and musical composition, an exhibition of drawings "Roads of War", dedicated to the Victory Day. On this day, children, along with adults, laid flowers at Eternal fire, took part in a concert held at the House of Culture. It is in such classes, holidays that a connection is established

generations and knowledge of the immediate environment associated with the traditions of the past, the best human qualities are brought up - respect for the elders, the desire to be like them. One of the activities of the kindergarten is the interaction of the teaching staff, children and parents in mastering the traditions of our people. After all, those cultural standards, spiritual values ​​that the family adheres to, are also acquired by the child. Therefore, working on the problem of moral and patriotic education, we set the task of not only educating moral and patriotic feelings, but also solving the problem: how to help parents preserve spirituality, choose the right guidelines for raising children, teach them to love not an invented Motherland, but such she is. And you can love and cherish only what you understand, feel and know. Therefore, when involving parents in the work, we comply with certain conditions and focus them on the fact that:

• in the family it is necessary to create and develop their own traditions;
• the family should not exist in isolation;
• it is desirable for parents to master the educational methods of folk pedagogy (folklore, song and dance art);
• children at home should do what they can, develop a system of rules and norms of behavior, participate in feasible work, help other people;
• family members must constantly turn to the origins of national culture, and kindergarten teachers provide them with constant support in this direction.

The parent team is a like-minded person and assistant to educators. To do this, we organize a variety of joint activities of teachers, children and parents, which includes:

• equipping group rooms, our museum with items of Russian folk life, folk-applied art, folk games and toys;
• participation in folklore and Orthodox holidays, entertainment;
• organization of excursions to the Eternal Flame;
• joint exhibitions of works by children and parents;
• joint subbotniks for landscaping the territory of the kindergarten;
• holidays, dedicated to the Day Victory, Village Day.

Thus, the work in our teaching staff to familiarize children with the history and culture of the Fatherland is carried out constantly, purposefully, and effectively.

Literature:

1. Kovaleva G.A. Raising a Little Citizen: A Practical Guide for Preschool Workers educational institutions. - M.: ARKTI, 2005.
2. Loginova L. V. What can the coat of arms tell us - M .: Publishing house "Scriptorium", 2003.
3. Aleshina N.V. Familiarization of preschoolers with the surrounding and social reality. - M.: TsGL, 2005
4. Aleshina N.V. Patriotic education of preschool children. M: CGL, 2005.
5. Aleshina N.V. Acquaintance of preschoolers with their native city and country (patriotic education) .- M .: UTs "Perspektiva", 2011.