In this article:

How a baby develops from 0 to 12 months.

So you became parents. For some it’s the first time, while others are already familiar with all periods of a baby’s life. In any case, the birth of a child in a family is a great joy. You see how he grows and develops, learns new things every day, and gives you surprises. The first 4 weeks can be a difficult test, but then you will enjoy your new status - parents.

Every month the baby develops new skills and abilities. His nervous system develops, his bones become stronger. Soon he will begin to communicate with you in his own, funny, language. Here it is important not to miss anything and observe the development of a child up to a year month by month yourself, and visit a pediatrician. A calm atmosphere at home, love from family, good nutrition and proper games will help him start taking his first steps even faster.

Happiness comes to home with a child

Your baby goes home after the maternity hospital. Of course, everything is already ready - you bought and assembled the crib, prepared the nursery, bought toys and clothes. All this is waiting for its little owner. Your apartment will become his whole world for a long time. He will learn to walk by holding onto walls and chairs, and perhaps paint the wallpaper. Here the baby will receive his first knowledge about the world, communication with people and animals, if any.

Your home must be safe and welcoming in order to welcome a new resident. But how to prepare the baby’s room and the entire apartment in general is another topic. The main thing now is that this is where you will watch its development. Day after day, month after month, he will turn from a newborn baby into a little man, and then into an adult.

Correct development: physical and mental

Doctors, pediatricians and psychologists have compiled a monthly development chart for the baby. So, from 0 to 1 year it is constantly changing. If you want to help him develop faster, then track what is happening to him today.

0

The first days after birth. The baby only sleeps and eats. He can even sleep while feeding, this is where the sucking reflex is triggered. Mom feeds him and doesn’t leave his side
cribs The first month is difficult for many, because you need to completely change your life. The child sleeps 20-22 hours a day, and the rest of the time he cries, eats, and needs to be bathed.

During this period, the child needs constant monitoring. A doctor or nurse from the clinic should come to your home 1-2 times a week. Keep an eye on this. Your task now is to do everything for his comfortable, safe life.

It is recommended to feed only breast milk. Now this is the best nutrition, because there is nothing superfluous in it, it is completely beneficial. All vitamins, microelements for the first days of life, development of the immune system. The child is constantly sleeping, but active work is going on inside - the body is being rebuilt, all systems are trying to work harmoniously for the first time. If it is not possible to feed milk, together with your doctor, select the most suitable formula.

You can walk outside starting from the third week. Very carefully, only if the weather is good. In cold weather, frost, it is better not to take such a small child outside. Just ventilate the room well.

1

The first 28 days are over. It's getting easier now. At 1 month it becomes easier for the baby to follow the regime. He still sleeps a lot, almost 20 hours every day. The child awakens interest in what surrounds him. For now it’s a crib or playpen. Hang beautiful toys on the cradle, they attract his attention. It is best if there are pictures or colored wallpaper on the walls. This way the baby will learn to perceive colors.

He can already recognize his parents. Mom - by smell. She is closest to him and already knows how to calm him down. The baby remembers the outlines of her face and figure. During this time, keep an eye on who comes into your home. Best of all - only close people. Now the child is already stronger, his immune system has learned to resist the simplest threats. Meeting with serious viruses is still too tough for him.

Now you need to feed your baby 9-10 times a day. You can schedule feeding times so that your baby sleeps longer at night. For example, the last feeding is at 23-24:00. Then the next one can be done in the morning. This will help him get into a day/night routine.

The baby is already making his first attempts to explore the world. stretches his arms, learns to turn his head. He may be attracted to various objects, but he cannot yet pick them up with his hand. Soon fine motor skills will develop enough.

2

The second month is the time of the first emotional reactions. The child smiles at his mother when he sees and hears her voice. This is very nice for any mommy - she finally received
this reward for your efforts and sleepless nights. At this age, the child is already acquiring his own features, his face and body are changing. He becomes more mobile if you pick him up.

Doctors advise not to leave it lying in one place for a long time. Take it in your arms and carry it around the room. The baby is not yet aware of what is happening, but he clearly likes to move around. A monotonous landscape will hinder development. Even at such a young age, you can show him books with bright pictures, talk more.

So far, mom and dad are the closest and most familiar people. He may be afraid of strangers and cry if they try to pick him up. Now the baby has more time to explore the world. Sleep takes only 16-17 hours, the rest of the time he is active.

Now it’s easier for mom too. She understands his gestures and sounds, grimaces well. The baby and mother develop a special, inexplicable connection without words. If there is love and mutual understanding in a family, then this state can last a very long time.

3

Time for colossal changes! Let's start with the fact that the child's gaze becomes more meaningful. He purposefully examines objects and peers into people's faces. Now he recognizes not only mom and dad, but also other family members who often come to visit. Smiles with joy when he feels that people are paying attention to him.

The child grows, his skeleton gets stronger. Now he can hold his head, deftly turns it, and follows the movements of adults. The baby hears the adults talking, but cannot speak yet. His attempts are separate sounds. This is how he participates in the conversation and attracts attention.

It is important that in the third month the baby can confidently make grasping movements. Take a toy, for example. He still can’t take it with two or three fingers, but with his whole palm - please. During this same period, the child begins to put everything in his mouth. Make sure that no dangerous objects or medications are left where he is.

Three months - the system of movement coordination began to work. He searches for body balance, rolling on the crib. Help him feel his arms and legs - do a simple massage.

4

At 4 months, the baby still sleeps 16-17 hours, but his sleep becomes stronger. His sleep becomes adult, deep. At night he can sleep 6 hours without problems. This gives mom and dad the opportunity to relax and get into the usual rhythm of life. During this time, he has already gotten used to the diet and happily waits for his mother at a certain time.

What is very important is that at 4 months the child remembers his name and responds to it. Other words also evoke quick associations for him. It becomes easier for you to communicate, because now he can show something with gestures, ask for a drink, for example. Objects, toys and people are divided into “favorite” and “unloved”. The baby will change his mind many times, believe me and don’t be upset if the question “do you love grandma?” he will confidently answer “no.”

Still eating breast milk. Now there is enough of it, bait is not needed yet. True, for a child the table and diet of adults is of interest. He reaches out to everything. It is allowed to give him something to try, for example, soft cookies. He won’t eat it, but he will satisfy the interest.

5

Becomes more active and sociable. Can recognize people in photographs and recognizes himself. During this period, bring it to the mirror more often - it is useful for the baby to look at himself, you. He joyfully communicates with those whom he sees often. New people are still a concern. You should not give it to the hands of a person whom he is afraid of. It will all end in a long cry.

The baby is increasingly interested in movement. He crawls around the crib, spins, tries to grab everything with his hands. Children at this age have incredible flexibility. Can suck a toe without problem. This flexibility will continue for some time. It means that the bones are still not strong enough to stand up. But he tries to lift himself up on his hands more and more often.

Good news for tired mothers. Now, at least for 15-20 minutes, you can leave him in a crib or playpen. He is occupied by toys, he can already play on his own, without your help. Of course, he will soon become bored and realize that he has lost sight of his mother. But this is already great progress towards independence.

6

6 months or six months is a long time for a little man. Now it can be planted high chair, the spine is already stronger, it will withstand sitting position. If you let him crawl on the floor, the baby will be delighted. Can easily roll over from back to tummy and back. Slowly introduce bait, because he will need more food and calories.

A period of active speech development begins. He repeats simple sounds and syllables after you, constantly saying something. He has already come up with simple names for his toys,
items. Mothers quickly learn this language and can chat with their baby - both understand it.

Now the baby doesn’t just take toys, but chooses them. Can transfer from one hand to another - this is important now, to use both hands to play. Very soon he will be able to make small movements with his fingers. Both arms must be evenly developed for this.

Now the baby only needs 14 hours of sleep; during the day he is active almost all the time. From this age, you can turn on the TV for him, but no more than 30 minutes a day. It could be a cartoon, a program for children. Now there are many such channels offering short educational skits. This will keep him busy and broaden his horizons.

7

Research time begins! You will have to hide everything sharp, inedible and dangerous, because a tireless “creeper” has appeared in the house. The kid opens cabinet doors (learned from adults) and takes things out. You need to touch and look at everything. He takes a special interest in some things. The emotional sphere allows him to already experience sincere surprise at something.

Encourage his emotional reactions. Teach them to express them with words, a smile, a laugh. Now his laughter becomes more meaningful, he understands simple jokes. Child
capable of doing something funny himself so that others clap and praise him. Praise is great, but it's time for bans.

It is imperative to teach the baby the words “no”, “no”, “don’t touch!” Very soon he will be able to walk on his own, which means he will have to repeat them every couple of minutes. Prohibitions are an unpleasant topic, but here we need to be strict. The child has learned to overcome obstacles, which means there are few places he cannot reach on his own.

He sleeps longer and longer at night - 12-13 hours is enough. Sometimes you need to feed your baby at night. Some people sleep until the morning. Be sure to put him to sleep during the day for 1-2 hours. A very active period of growth, constant movement. If you don't rest during the day, then in the evening he will start to be capricious. Speech becomes more and more rich.

8

At this age he is much more independent than he was just a couple of months ago. The child takes a sitting position on his own and stands up easily. He is interested in playing while sitting on the floor. Cars, dolls, toys - all this is laid out where he spends his leisure time. Mom can leave him in the room for 20-25 minutes. This room should be safe: no wires, sharp corners, or dangerous objects. Then you can leave him alone for half an hour. This is useful and develops imagination.

The child has already memorized some simple actions. He can wave goodbye and smile at those who come. Now there is more choice in terms of communication. If there are peers
then communication improves faster - he learns to share toys, sometimes to give in in games. Communication with other children should bring joy, not aggression. If he hits others, takes away toys, it is necessary to wean him by all means.

We need less and less mother's milk, but it is too early to exclude them from the diet. The immune system strengthened, she now copes with many external threats. You can strengthen your immune system with fresh fruits and dairy products. Now it is better to give soft fruits or purees from them.

It will take up to 10 hours to sleep at night, and he sleeps without waking up. During the day, 2-3 hours is enough for rest. Active baby spends a lot of time playing and crawling. He needs to rest. Apply it 2-3 times during the day.

9

He spent 9 months in his mother’s tummy, and now the same amount has passed outside. Of course, your child is still just a baby, he needs the attention, care and affection of his family. The good news is that every day he gains new knowledge. Studying the world on your own is what attracts him. Mom and dad forbid a lot of things, but he wants to climb everywhere and touch everything. At this time, the baby begins to make his first attempts to stand up. Of course, it’s still unlikely to work.

The baby often asks to be led around holding hands. Walking becomes a new goal for him, which he himself strives for. Some children at 9 months can already stand without the help of adults and are trying to take their first steps. Everyone's bones develop at different rates - give him more dairy products, fruits and vegetables rich in calcium.

At night he sleeps 10 hours, does not wake up. It is very rare for 9 month old babies to ask for milk or food if they wake up. It can already be transferred to the children's room if the child previously slept with you. During the day, be sure to set aside 1.5-2 hours for rest. His emotional sphere develops, his memory works. This is a lot of mental stress for a child. He already recognizes people by name, and can point to the selected person if you say his name.

10

The time comes when a “little helper” appears in the house. The desire to imitate parents is very strong. He wants to help you. Are you putting things away? He's here, trying to collect his T-shirts and panties, clumsily throwing them around the room. Are you drying dishes? The baby asks to give him a cup and a towel too. Do not stop these impulses of his. A lot of things will be dirty, broken or dented, but this is an invaluable experience.

The child understands that he can perform the same actions as adults. For him now, the difference between you is not very clear. The imitation reaches the point of ridiculousness: the child picks up the phone and begins to imitate a conversation with the intonations of his mother. His speech is more meaningful, he knows individual words.

He is already developed enough to choose. You can offer him to choose milk or juice, an apple or a peach. Favorite products appear. The main thing here is not to indulge his desires. Children, of course, will only want to eat strawberries. You need a balanced diet, not just your favorite foods. Try to interest him, eat together.

He already sleeps well, spending his 10-11 hours a day in peace. Sound, deep sleep makes parents happy. Finally, the time has come for you to get some sleep. He doesn’t like to sleep during the day, because there’s so much he wants to do.

11

Almost an adult now, right? The brain is actively developing, I want to know and understand everything. Children are now interested in boiling pots and kettles, the beeping of a car on the street, and various large appliances. He will happily communicate with animals. By the way, many pediatricians believe that having an animal in the house helps a child develop. If there are no allergies, then a cat or dog will become excellent playmates.

Speech is very important now. He must be able to pronounce simple words, sometimes - short phrases. Speech should be colored with emotion, not monotonous. Joy or resentment, sadness, request, fear - all this 11 month old baby can already demonstrate with voice and gestures.

Children usually sleep well if they eat something light at night. You can give decoctions of rose hips or currant leaves. They calm him down and prepare him for sleep. Baths with essential oils are recommended. Everyone likes the feeling of warm water; the child splashes, plays, laughs. Splashes and games in water develop fine motor skills on the one hand, and relax muscles on the other.

12

You are now one year old. Most likely, your baby can already get up and take a few steps on his own. He has a lot of discoveries and interesting moments ahead. . Parents definitely need to be there, because only they can protect, explain and guide the baby. Now his development will go faster, because he has already acquired the basic skills.

He has an individual character, favorite games, his own names for things. Next is a whole world of the unknown. After 12 months, parents should think about how they can help him develop faster?

• walks in the park;
• meeting other children, visiting;
• developmental groups for children;
• own know-how;
• interesting games and books.

You have a lot of opportunities to make each child's new day interesting.

Height and Weight by month

Weight and height are important indicators, although they can vary. Much depends on the genetics of the parents. Tall, overweight parents pass on their genes to their children, and thin, petite parents endow their baby with these qualities.

The lower limit and the closest value are most often for girls. They are always a little lighter and smaller. Boys, on the contrary, strive for the upper limit of values. But, again, everything is very individual.

Height and weight of babies by month

Month	Height cm	Weight gr.
1	50-57	3800-4600
2	52-61	4500-5600
3	54-64	5200-6400
4	56-67	5800-7200
5	59-69	6300-7800
6	61-71	6800-8400
7	63-73	7300-8900
8	67-75	7600-9400
9	70-76	8000-9800
10	71-78	8400-10300
11	72-79	8700-10600
12	74-80	9000-10900

Your child is already an amazing, individual person. Of course, he will follow his own path in life. Now your task is to do everything to make his first steps with a smile.

The birth of a child is a great joy for the whole family. The long nine-month wait is behind us, with hopes for a happy future for the baby and worries about his health ahead.

Every parent wants their child to develop normally, be healthy and active. But it can be difficult for new parents to approach this task correctly.

This article will tell you about the established norms in the development of a child: what you should pay attention to, and at what stages of development what should be expected from him.

Many parents have heard the definition of “development corridor”; for most, this concept caused bewilderment and confusion.

But there’s nothing scary about it - this is a generally accepted concept of stages physical development child.

A little about whether there is a difference in physical development in the first year of life between boys and girls.

According to anthropometric examination, the development of children of both sexes differs little.

It all depends on:

• Individual characteristics.
• Genetic inheritance.
• Congenital diseases.
• Living conditions and nutrition.

WHO research scientists have compiled an average table of norms for the physical development of a child by month up to a year, his height and weight.

The table also shows the rate of increase in indicators by month:

Child's age up to one year (months)	Height, cm	Height gain, cm	Weight, kg	Weight gain, g
Newborn	50-52	No	3,100 – 3,500	No
One	53-56	4	3,700 – 4,150	650
Two	57-60	4	4,500 – 4,850	700
Three	61-63	4	5,250 – 5,650	800
Four	63-65,5	2,5	6,000 – 6,300	650
Five	65-68	2,5	6,450 – 6,900	600
Six	67-70	2	7,000 – 7,500	600
Seven	69-72	2	7,550 – 8,100	600
Eight	71-74	2	8,150 – 8,650	550
Nine	72,5-75,5	1,5	8,650 – 9,100	450
Ten	74-77	1,5	9,100 – 9,550	450
Eleven	75,5-78,5	1,5	9,500 – 9,950	400
Twelve	76-80	1,5	10,000 – 10,350	350

As can be seen from the table:

1. The most active growth of a child occurs in the first trimester of the life cycle. During this period, the body is reconstructed to function independently.

   The baby is passive and spends up to twenty hours a day sleeping.

2. In the second trimester, height and weight increase more slowly, the baby stays awake more time, reacts to external stimuli, and gradually adapts to the outside world.
3. Third trimester– the child leads active image life, sleep duration gradually decreases, time intervals between feedings increase.

   The stage of understanding the world begins. The increase in physical indicators decreases.

4. Fourth trimester- independent person. The child tries to imitate adults, behaves consciously and actively.

   The diet is mixed, solid food is added to the diet. Characterized by the smallest increase in indicators.

Note! The table presents average values; parameters may differ from individual indicators depending on the characteristics of the organism.

What a child should be able to do: monthly development calendar

Many new parents are interested in the question of what a child should be able to do at each stage of the first year of life.

Below is a baby development calendar from birth to 12 months:

• The first days and weeks of life, the baby mostly sleeps, and in waking moments he cries, declaring hunger, wet diapers, and poor health.

  The natural position for a baby is to lie on his back, legs tucked at the sides and arms raised up.

  Parents need to independently turn him onto his tummy, lightly massaging his back. In this position, the baby will release gases and strengthen the muscles of the back, abdomen and neck.

  By the end of the first month, the baby, lying on his tummy, will begin to slightly raise his head, trying to hold it.

  Normal psychological and physiological development will be helped by: communication with family - he needs to sing songs and turn on classical music.

  Walking in the fresh air - the body, enriched with oxygen, functions normally.

  After each awakening, it is necessary to give the baby a massage and perform hygiene procedures, bathe the newborn daily, adding a decoction of string and chamomile to the water.

  Towards the end of the first month, the baby begins to focus his gaze, finding moving objects. He clearly recognizes his mother by her smell and gets upset when she is not around for a long time.

• By the 2nd month, the child already recognizes close people and smiles meaningfully, makes drawn-out sounds, trying to express his feelings, searches with his eyes and finds familiar objects.

  During this period, it is important to pay attention to the baby’s development by doing simple gymnastics and massage.

• At 3 months the baby begins to live an active life. He holds his head firmly and independently rolls over from his back to his stomach and vice versa.

  Learns to control the limbs, trying to hold the object he likes in his hands, expresses joy by pronouncing continuous syllables.

  The duration of the waking phase and the intervals between feedings increase significantly.

• By 4 months the baby clearly knows his name, distinguishes between familiar and unfamiliar people well.

  Understands and distinguishes human speech, enters into communication, loves to play with moving objects, highlighting his favorite ones.

• At 5 months – has full control of his body, moving on a horizontal surface. Able to easily take something he likes by pulling it into his mouth.

  The baby tries to crawl, finding support for the legs, makes efforts with the press, trying to take a vertical position. Reacts to communication and takes an active part in it.

• A 6-month-old baby shows interest in everything colorful and bright, actively plays with toys and rattles, throwing them out of the crib.

  He stands on all fours on his own and tries to crawl. If he finds solid support, he tries to rise to his full height, lowering himself to his fifth point.

  He loves it when books are read to him, showing color pictures. The sounds it makes are meaningful and reminiscent of monosyllabic words or songs.

• By 7 months the first teeth appear and the baby puts all sorts of objects into his mouth. Games become meaningful.

  The baby enjoys playing magpie, okay, hide and seek, etc., actively crawls, sits confidently, and moves around in a walker or in the playpen.

  During this period, the child begins to meaningfully absorb new information, processing it.

• The eight-month-old toddler is actively exploring the world, he is absolutely fearless and full of different ideas.

  Parents need to be constantly vigilant. Sleep is reduced to twice a day, he plays a lot and shows interest in everything new.

  The baby is perfectly oriented in space, makes contact, expresses thoughts with polysyllabic babbling, identifies friends from strangers, understands and completes assigned tasks.

• At 9 months the child stands firmly on his legs, takes the first steps, holding on to support.

  Begins to copy the actions of adults. Confidently holds objects in his hands while performing assigned actions.

• A ten-month-old baby completely copies the facial expressions and gestures of his elders, pronounces the first simple words, actively participates in family life, and is interested in peers.
• At 11 months the child actively talks, calling objects and actions in his own words and gets angry if he is not understood.

  He is cunning and expresses reluctance to do what he does not want. He tries to win the affection of the person he likes, begins to smile and make faces.

  He expresses a good mood by dancing and clapping his hands. He tries to start eating, drinking, taking off his shoes on his own, pronouncing the names of loved ones syllable by syllable.

• At 12 months the child is completely independent. He confidently climbs on and off the sofa, bed, chairs, walks holding the hand of an adult, eats on his own, sits on the potty, opens and closes cabinet doors.

  The baby plays complex games, stacks blocks, moves a car, rocks a doll or soft toy. Each stage of a child’s life is interesting and unforgettable in its own way.

Development of premature babies

Premature babies are babies born from the twenty-first to the thirty-seventh week of pregnancy.

They are significantly behind their peers in development and need additional care and affection.

• In the first month the child does not gain weight well due to an undeveloped sucking reflex; it is difficult for him to suck mother’s milk. The solution is pumping and feeding through a special tube.

  Since the baby has not yet developed thermoregulation, it is extremely dangerous for him to become overcooled or overheated. During this period, it is important for the baby to be constantly with his mother, to feel her smell, warmth and love.

• In the second month Throughout life, the sucking reflex remains weak, but the child needs to develop it, so it is recommended to bottle feed the baby.
• In the third month life, an interest in food and sleep appears, the baby begins to follow moving objects with his eyes, tries to raise his head, and grab toys.
• In the fourth month The baby holds his head up on his own, makes sounds, and is interested in toys.

  It is important to regularly carry out massage procedures twice a day that improve muscle tone; it is allowed to take them out into the fresh air.

• In the fifth month The baby is already holding a toy in his hands, distinguishes sounds well, turning his head in their direction, recognizes the mother’s voice.

  The beginning of neuropsychic development is determined, the first conscious smile appears.

• In the sixth and seventh month The baby turns over on his tummy on his own. It is already difficult to distinguish him from his peers, he is active. Complementary feeding is recommended.
• In the eighth month the baby tries to sit up independently, is interested in the world around him, understands speech, begins to communicate with adults, loves fairy tales, poems, songs, bright pictures, and tries to crawl.
• Ninth month- a breakthrough in development. The baby needs communication. You should talk to him, explain all actions, lay down the basics of behavior, play with toys. The baby is trying to pronounce his first words.

  Further development premature baby not much different from the development of full-term peers. By the end of the first year, the child is in no way behind the others.

As can be seen from the presented material, parents need to devote more time to the development of the child, monitoring his indicators and communicating with the baby.

It is necessary to take into account that the health of the baby largely depends on the mother’s lifestyle during pregnancy and the attention of parents to their child.

Useful video

When a little happiness appears in a family, parents should be prepared and patient, because properly organized care and leisure time with the baby will bring pleasure to both mother and baby. It is before one year that babies acquire the most important physical skills, learning to crawl, sit, walk and talk. It is also necessary to monitor weight and height indicators. The entire necessary set of knowledge and a table with standards are presented in this article. So, the development of children from 0 to 1 year by month (the table below is presented).

Height and weight of children under one year old (table)

What should a child be able to do?

First month

Physical development

In the first month, the baby still retains innate reflexes, due to which the baby squeezes everything that falls into his hand, the sucking reflex and the search reflex. Moves legs and arms randomly, can raise his head while lying on his stomach.

Psychomotor development

The first smile most often appears in the first month, just like the “humming” if you talk to the baby a lot. The child stops crying when the parents take the baby in their arms and may flinch from loud and sharp sounds.

Baby at 1 month

Feeding the baby at this time will be chaotic, on demand. He can eat for 15 minutes or stay at his mother's breast for an hour. Night applications are also necessary.

A baby can have bowel movements up to 12 times a day, most often during or after feeding. The stool is yellow and absent bad smell. Urination occurs frequently, every 15-20 minutes. Urine should be almost clear.

It is necessary to check the skin daily for irritation or rashes. The umbilical wound must be moistened with hydrogen peroxide and the bandages changed. Also, bathing for 3-4 months should take place in a weak solution of potassium permanganate, pale pink in color.

Second month

Physical development

By this time, the baby’s innate reflexes begin to disappear and the hypertonicity of the arms begins to disappear. The baby can hold his head for a couple of minutes, lying on his tummy, roll over from back to side, and respond to sounds by turning his head in his direction.

Psychomotor development

The baby's smile becomes wider and is now more logical. The child smiles and gurgles when he sees his mother or gets acquainted with rattles, and freezes when he listens to familiar voices.

Baby at 2 months

You need to feed your baby on demand; there is no single schedule during the day. The intervals between applications during the day start at 40 minutes and reach 2.5 hours. In addition, the baby may ask to feed him a little every 15 minutes. It is also worth putting the baby to the breast before going to bed at night and after waking up.

Urination occurs frequently, but sometimes some babies are already sleeping dry and signal to their mother that they want to pee. Bowel movement occurs individually. It can be every other day or once a day, or the baby can go to the toilet 5-7 times a day.

At 2 months, the baby begins to sleep less. He begins to differentiate between two long daytime naps of 1-1.5 hours each and a couple of short naps of 10-15 minutes each. Night sleep is also established, lasting 12 hours, including breaks for feeding.

Third month

Physical development

The baby calmly holds his head, lying on his stomach and leaning on his forearms. He can use his hand to find another hand and begin to examine them. Laughs loudly and can roll from back to side and back. The baby can hold light toys in his hand and move it.

Psychomotor development

The baby examines objects of interest for a long time, moves his eyes and follows the toys. Produces sounds similar to the intonations of adults, begins to imitate external sounds. When the child sees his mother, he begins to smile joyfully, move his arms and legs, and also actively walk. If a baby, lying on his stomach, feels for a toy, then he tries to take it with his hand, and when he tries to hold the child’s hands, he pulls himself up and tries to raise his head.

Baby at 3 months

The baby's stool becomes thick, the number of bowel movements reaches 5 times a day or 1 time every 2-4 days. This is normal when breastfeeding. The color is yellow with a greenish tint, and a sour smell appears.

At 3 months, babies begin to react to weather conditions, wind, new moon, full moon and other phenomena. Night sleep lasts 10 hours, the number of night feedings is 4-5 times. During the day he sleeps twice for 2 hours and 40 minutes.

Feedings become more timed. Most often, the baby eats 10-11 times during the day, and 2-4 times at night. At three months, the interval for night feedings increases to 3.5 hours.

Fourth month

Physical development

The baby can already reach objects or toys. With the help of the parent, he can roll over from his tummy to his back. An adult should hold the baby by one hand. At this time, children begin to lick their fingers and try to grab their legs for the same purpose. By four months, the hypertonicity of the legs completely disappears, and the child can move them more rhythmically.

Psychomotor development

The child can distinguish the voices of parents, grandparents, visually estimate the distance to the rattle and reach for it. Learns to shout loudly and listens to his own voice. The baby can do pull-ups lying on his stomach and holding his mother’s hands. Able to be frightened by loud sounds and sudden sharp movements. At this time, all toys and objects that the baby plays with should be as clean as possible, since at 4 months the child begins to put everything in his mouth and try.

Baby at 4 months

A feeding schedule appears, as the baby begins to eat less often, during sleep before falling asleep and after waking up. Peculiarity of this age is that the baby may be distracted during feedings in order to test the mother’s reliability, so she should not finish feeding, but rather carefully wait for the baby. Some babies go on 3 nap periods.

Fifth month

Physical development

The baby begins to lie on his stomach for a long time, playing with toys, twirling them in his hands. Some children begin to crawl on their bellies during this time period. The child can more confidently roll over from his tummy to his back on his own. Some children try to sit at 5 months, but their back is still weak and bent. The child tries to interact with toys by examining them in his hands.

Psychomotor development

The baby begins to speak with toys in his own language, and also interacts with his parents. Listens to music, freezing while it plays. The first syllables “ma”, “pa”, “ba” begin to appear in the baby’s speech. With support from the hands, the baby can sit up from a supine position. As soon as the parents show the child new toy, or a new object for interaction, the baby becomes wary and freezes. A fear reaction begins to develop.

Baby at 5 months

The feeding regimen comes to consistency and norms. Now the baby eats by the hour and feedings depend on sleep. The baby begins to be distracted from his mother’s breast very often, reacting to every noise and rustle. Even searching for the quietest place won’t help mom. This is one of the features of age that you just have to come to terms with. A child at five months begins to be interested in his mother's food. He asks her to let him taste what she is eating. Urination occurs less frequently, every 40 minutes. The stool is about the same as last month.

Sixth month

Physical development

The baby can sit up and sit independently for a certain period of time. He knows how to crawl well on his belly and can travel 20 centimeters to grab a toy. The child tries to get up on all fours, this is an indicator that habitual crawling is just around the corner. Can transfer a toy from one hand to the other or put a rattle in a box. Some children learn to clap their hands and play "Clap" at 6 months.

Psychomotor development

Children at 6 months master the concepts of “friend” and “stranger.” They distinguish between parents and ask to be held, and also concentrate their attention on the toy that one of the parents points to. A 6-month-old baby reacts emotionally to musical toys. When listening to tunes they like, children can smile joyfully and wave their arms, but when they hear unpleasant sounds, they can start crying.

Baby at 6 months

Regurgitation at 6 months disappears or becomes a rare occurrence. With full breastfeeding, the regimen changes again. The baby rarely wakes up in the first half of the night, but in the morning you need to apply it early. Six-month-old babies may push away their mother while feeding with their hands; this is some sign of separation from the mother. This phenomenon must be accepted. 6 months is the optimal time to start complementary feeding. If the baby actively reaches out to adults’ food, then this is not a sign of the child’s malnutrition with mother’s milk, but rather an interest in something new in life. It is recommended to feed with anti-allergenic foods - vegetables and cereals.

Sleep at night becomes longer, and during the day there are 2-3 sleeps of an hour on average.

Seventh month

Physical development

At this time, the baby sits much more confidently. If unbalanced, can lean on the arm. He crawls much more confidently. There are times when children begin to crawl backwards rather than forwards.

At eight months, a child can already drink from a mug with the support of mom or dad.

Can rise to his feet, leaning on a support and stand for a while and moves his legs when the parent holds him by the body.

Can show where his nose, mouth, eyes and ears are located. Speech also develops, the child has new syllables: “pa”, “ta”, “ba”, “da”, “na”. The baby can determine the prohibition by the tone of his voice, and also turns over the pages of books.

Psychomotor development

The baby can dance with the support of his mother in the armpits, as well as stand, leaning on the entire foot. Holds his back while sitting on the floor, and reaches out with his hands to his legs while lying on his back, trying to pull them in his head. If a child does not have enough attention, he begins to cry or whine, trying to convey his indignation to adults.

Baby at 7 months

Complementary feeding continues, as well as breast-feeding. The application regimen is the same: 7-8 during the day and 3-4 at night. Children at 7 months begin to actively change positions when breastfeeding, so mothers need to hold them. Some babies develop their first teeth during this period. Children can bite their breasts with them, which is why the mother needs to react naturally - she may scream a little. But at the same time, there is no need to endure or react too violently, all this can disorient the child. Stool now becomes more expected, once a day or every other day, but at the same time.

Eighth month

Physical development

A baby at 8 months sits up on his own, crawls very actively, and tries to stand up against a support. It is dangerous to leave a baby at this age alone in the room, as children become curious and can climb into places they shouldn’t.

Psychomotor development

Some children can already say “mama” and “dada.” A child at 8 months becomes more emotional, he develops new sensations such as dissatisfaction, delight, indignation and surprise. During this period, the baby enjoys listening and dancing to music. Speech continues to develop and the baby develops new sounds and babbles. Children at this time become very attached to their mother and begin to get upset and bored when she is gone for a long time. Toys change too. Now the child can assemble small pyramids and close the jars with lids.

Baby at 8 months

When urinating, the child begins to misbehave a little, doing his business on the floor, and then touching everything with his hands, creating puddles. Thus, the child learns the products of his life. Mode breastfeeding undergoing changes again. Babies become more active and forget to latch on to the breast during the day, and at night the number of latch ons, on the contrary, increases. Also, during feeding, the child can take various positions or knead his mother’s breasts with his hands, this is the age norm. Complementary feeding continues, now portions of food eaten reach 100 grams. It will be good if the child eats with his parents at the same table.

Ninth month

Physical development

The baby can stand on his feet from a sitting position, and vice versa, and also walks well, leaning on something. At 9 months, children begin to show independence in feeding and dressing, try to hold a spoon in their hand and put on whatever they find. The baby learns the meaning of some objects and can point to them if asked. Likes to repeat actions after parents. Fine motor skills also develop, and the baby can already practice and take small elements in his hands and put them into narrow jars. But it is better to keep such parts away from children so that they do not stick them in their nose or ears.

Psychomotor development

Children at this age begin to manipulate their parents by screaming and crying. Babies also develop their own language in which they babble. Emotionally, the baby is also growing, now he can admire, get angry, and can break out when his mother cleans his ears or trims his nails. Also, a child at this age gets scared if he loses sight of his mother.

Baby at 9 months

At this age, the child is in the process of teething. In order to relieve the condition of itchy gums, the baby needs to massage the gums or give dried fruits, hard pieces of apples and carrots to chew. With all the variety of complementary foods that a mother introduces, there is no need to completely abandon breastfeeding. It can occur in small portions, but also day and night.

Tenth month

Physical development

At this time, the baby takes his first steps without support, easily sits down and gets up from a sitting position. He can clap his hands and dance to soft music. Can master the skill of opening, closing, and can also hide toys. At this time, the child’s main hand is determined, with which he primarily performs movements. Pyramids, sorters and other objects that can be stacked are perfect as toys for a ten-month-old baby.

Psychomotor development

A child at this age is more interested in small objects than large ones. Some children show parts of their face, nose, mouth, ears, etc. yourself or your parents. A child at 10 months learns to interact with other children, plays with them and speaks his own language. Repeats their parents' actions and facial expressions, and can reproduce how mom talks on the phone.

Baby at 10 months

A child at this age continues to become familiar with the natural functions of his body and begins to become interested in these processes.

New products are introduced into complementary feeding, so it becomes more energetic than pedagogical. Boldly wielding a spoon, a child can eat soups or cereals on his own.

Breastfeeding continues and the number of small meals during the day increases. At night everything remains the same, 5-6 feedings. During this process, the child can independently search for and reach his mother’s breast, as well as take any position while eating.

Eleventh month

Physical development

All movements become more active and confident. The baby walks some distances without support. By 11 months, the child develops a pinch grip with two fingers. Kids love to use it at this age.

Psychomotor development

Children get used to it and love praise, understand prohibitions and the word “no”. The baby may nod in agreement or, conversely, shake his head to the sides as a sign of denial. Knows how to show what he wants with his finger or by moving his gaze. Listens and dances to musical toys, loves big and bright books with pictures. May wave goodbye to mom or dad.

Baby at 11 months

The baby's daytime sleep is reduced to two times for 40 minutes. At night, the child eats mother's milk more actively in the morning, between 5 and 8 o'clock, and during the day he can drink complementary foods with milk. Also, now the baby puts any type of adult food into his mouth.

Twelfth month (1 year)

Physical development

A 1-year-old baby can independently step over obstacles and squat to pick up a toy from the floor. Skillfully uses a spoon, plate and cup, can chew solid food, and also actively takes part in everything that concerns him, brushes his teeth, and dresses independently.

Psychomotor development

Understands the words “can”, “cannot”, “give”, “put” and knows them. A child at this age is distinguished by perseverance in playing with toys, so if an object really interests him, he can play with it for a long time. The child can also clearly explain whether he wants or does not want this food. One year old baby needs the attention of parents, and begins to get bored and nervous if they are gone for a long time. Children already understand everything that is asked of them and what is told to them.

Child at 1 year

Mothers are advised to continue breastfeeding if possible and adjust to their routine. Don’t give up nightly applications either. At this age, you can start brushing your baby’s emerging teeth. In pharmacies you need to purchase a special brush for babies over one year old and clean dirt from their teeth. It is recommended to trim your baby's hair every year to make it easier for new adult hairs to grow.

Differences in the development of boys and girls

Differences in the development of boys and girls are visible even if you don’t look closely at the kids. Boys begin to talk and walk later, but the difference in development is approximately 4 weeks. Girls are more stable and productive than boys. Growing up, boys need space and freedom to explore and get to know the world of adults, so by the age of one year they begin to throw toys around and make noise, while girls will calmly play in the corner with their dolls.

Girl

Nature has set a different task for girls than for boys. Therefore, their games and actions are stable and regular. Girls are born more mature, since they must be the most adapted so as not to disturb the natural harmony. In terms of activity in games and life, girls are just as productive and calmer in behavior than boys. Girls listen carefully to their mother and respond to her every request, and up to a year they are extremely obedient.

Boy

Boys have always been highly active. The nature of their behavior is aimed at constant development, including physical development. Potty training, learning to talk, walk, crawl, etc., boys later girls. And the strange thing is that by the age of one year, boys surpass girls in development in all indicators. In order for psychological development to be complete, boys need space for self-realization. Boys love to make noise and express themselves, testing their endurance and strength by throwing toys around.

Height and weight of children under one year old (table)

Age, months	Height, in cm	Body weight, g.	Increase per month, g.
0	50-51	3100-3400	—
1	53-54	3700-4100	600
2	56-58	4500-4900	800
3	59-61	5200-5600	800
4	62-64	5900-6300	750
5	64-68	6500-6800	700
6	66-70	7100-7400	650
7	68-71	7600-8100	600
8	70-72	8100-8500	550
9	71-73	8600-9000	500
10	72-74	9100-9500	450
11	73-75	9500-10000	400
12	74-76	10000-10800	350

Watching the development of your baby and realizing that he still doesn’t know how to do something, there is no need to panic. It is important to remember that each baby is individual; if at 6 months a baby cannot sit, it means that he will sit at 7 months and feel confident. The most important thing a child needs is the love and care of his mother and father. If parents give their baby affection and warmth, then he will certainly delight them with everyday achievements.

In contact with

When they talk about the physical development of a child, they mean a set of certain indicators. These are height, weight, chest and head circumference. All these indicators are assessed every month at a visit to the pediatrician. It is important for the doctor to monitor their growth dynamics. Based on the gender of your baby and all four indicators, a conclusion is drawn about physical health child. Thus, a specialist can tell the level of physical development of your child and, if necessary, give recommendations.

It is believed that a child's height corresponds to his age, and in about a year children grow by 25 cm.

The baby's weight should correspond to his height. By the end of the first year of life, babies weigh approximately 10 kg. At the same time, body weight is considered the most unstable indicator. It depends on the condition of the baby (illness, loss of appetite, sleep disturbance, discomfort)

Up to 4 months, the head circumference should be a couple of centimeters larger than the chest circumference. These indicators are equivalent to 4 months. After four, the chest circumference becomes larger than the head circumference.

All children are different and the level of physical development even at birth is different. Some are born small and long, actively suckle at the breast and lie quietly in the crib, while others have a high birth weight, muscle tone is too high, and the child flinches at the slightest sound. Therefore, the starting point of physical development is individual for all children. Parents should be vigilant and if anything causes concern or anxiety, they should immediately consult a doctor. Only a specialist will be able to correctly determine and calculate the physical development of a child.

In the first year of life, children have well-developed skin sensitivity and for better physical development it is necessary to constantly touch, feel, produce light massage movements to your little one.

Physical development of children under 1 year by month

Newborn has innate unconditioned reflexes: food (sucking movements), indicative (turning the head to various stimuli), defensive (screaming at irritating factors). Movements of arms, legs, eyes are spontaneous, disordered and uncoordinated. The newborn moves his whole body.

By the end first month In life, movements become more coordinated, the baby tries to raise his head in a position lying on his stomach. He reacts to a loud sound by moving his arms to the side, and then pressing them towards his body and clenching his fists.

On 2 months of life eye movements become coordinated, the head turns towards the sound, the baby tries to grab and touch objects that interest him, he can hold his head for 1-1.5 minutes in a position lying on his stomach. Some kids at this age respond with a smile to a smile.

During 3 months of life the child in a prone position rests on his forearms and elbows. Rolls over from back to side, twists head, holding it in an upright position. Pulls up its body when picked up. When an adult addresses him, a “revival complex” appears - he smiles, can laugh, coo and answer.

IN 4 months the baby can recognize faces and simple objects and rolls over from back to stomach. When lying on his back, he can raise his head. Grabs and holds small objects in his hands, pulls them into his mouth, favorite and unfavorite toys appear, prefers mother to other adults.

Fifth month- tries to sit up, but cannot hold his back without support, recognizes familiar voices, stands evenly on his feet when supported by the armpits, imitates sounds.

Sixth month- sits up independently, tries to crawl on all fours, learns to pronounce elementary syllables, the pronunciation of which is similar to the sucking movements of the lips and mouth: ma-ma, etc. The baby sleeps less, physical activity increases, his arms reach out to his mother, and he grabs toys tightly with both hands. There is rapid development of fine motor skills, throwing toys on the floor and seeing what happens to them. The first teeth erupt, the 2 lower middle incisors appear first.

During seventh month of life crawls freely, in a sitting position can straighten and tilt the body forward, tries to perceive, understand and remember words. Gets upset when he loses sight of a toy and looks for it. Knows how to move food from the front of the mouth to the back and, as a result, swallows better.

At the end of the article we have prepared a convenient table of the child’s physical development. Download it to be sure that the baby is developing according to the norms!

Eight months– stands up on his own, having support. With support, he tries to walk, performs various manipulations with toys (drops, rolls, throws, etc.), sits confidently on his own. 2 upper middle incisors appear.

IN nine month walks holding onto support, knows his name, and can fulfill simple requests. Holds objects with thumb and index finger.

Ten months- can rise and stand without the help of strangers, begins to pronounce simple words, does not give up the toy he likes, and, at the request of an adult, looks for a familiar object. 2 upper lateral incisors appear.

IN eleven months knows the names of many objects and parts of his body, fine motor skills are well developed, freely navigates space, and continues to try to take independent steps.

TO one year walks independently and can bend over on his own. Understands everything that is said and what he is asked to do. Says the first meaningful words. 2 lower lateral incisors appear.

By the end of 1 year of life, the baby should have 8 teeth, 4 of them on top and 4 on the bottom.

Physical development is influenced not only by genetic factors, but also by environmental factors (upbringing, nutrition, social conditions). If you want your child to develop all physical indicators in a timely manner, you need to work with him every day, feed him properly and give unlimited amounts of your love, which your baby so needs.

Infant swimming from birth. . Read our next article.

Print it out and hang it on the wall! Physical development of children under 1 year in the table.

​Do you know how a baby should develop up to one year old? Download a convenient chart of the child’s physical development to be sure that the baby is developing according to the norms!​

The birth of a child in a family is always a joyful and exciting event. All parents worry about the health of their baby. The question of the physical and psychological development of the baby is especially relevant in the first year of life. To better understand what a child’s development should be like by month to one year, we suggest you read the information in this article. It will help you understand what skills and abilities a newborn should have from the first days of life to 12 months.

First month

After birth, the baby does not have any skills. A newborn spends most of his time sleeping. In the first 30 days of life, a child gains an average of about 600 g of weight. After a month, the increase usually increases. A small increase in the first days of life is explained by the fact that the baby loses fluid, the mother still does not have as much milk as in the subsequent months of lactation, and the baby’s stool has a rather watery base. Parents should not worry about slight weight gain as this is considered normal.

Physical and neuropsychic development (PND)

The baby spends the first 4 weeks after birth mostly sleeping. The baby may doze even during feeding. In general, a child can sleep up to 20 hours a day. In this case, deep and shallow phases of sleep are noted. During deep sleep, the baby is completely relaxed, breathing is even. Shallow sleep is often accompanied by shuddering, stirring, and uneven breathing. This is a completely normal physiological process.

In addition, the baby has the following reflexes:

• reaction to cold, heat, hunger, thirst, pain, loud sounds or other irritants in the form of crying;
• among the reflexes there should be such as sucking (takes the breast), grasping (if you put your hand in the palm, the baby squeezes his fingers), pushing away with the legs (if you press the legs, the baby pushes with them), search reflex (if you touch the cheek, the baby turns his head, looking for breasts). These skills must be checked by a doctor;
• if the baby is placed on his tummy, he will try to raise his head, but due to muscle weakness he will not be able to do this;
• When there is a loud sound, the month-old baby flinches. The baby can hold his gaze for some time on stationary bright objects;
• urination and defecation are quite frequent. Some children experience this after every feeding.

Breastfeeding is considered the best nutrition option during this period. If for some reason there is no milk, you should select a mixture. It is better if the pediatrician does this. The weight of children in the first month of life usually ranges from three to 4 kilograms. This applies to children who were born on time. Sometimes a newborn's weight and height may be out of range. There are cases of children being born above 5 kilograms and more than 60 cm in height. This happens for various reasons that influenced the development of the baby even before birth.

Second month

What should a child be able to do in the second month of life? In the second month of life, boys and girls become more active. Some doctors call this period the recovery period. The baby now sleeps less and walks more. At the same time, the period of wakefulness for some children can be about an hour. The baby begins to be interested the world. Lying in the crib, he can look at nearby toys and concentrate on his parents.

Physical development

By the age of two months, babies should be able to:

• raise your head and try to hold it for several seconds;
• focus on toys or parents;
• listen to sounds;
• some newborns are already trying to roll over;
• The baby puts his hands into his mouth and examines them.

Sometimes babies smile, when they see their mother they get worried and look for her with their eyes.

Mental development

Reflexes in the second month are still preserved, but are already beginning to gradually fade away. About normal mental development indicates the presence of a revitalization complex, which was previously discussed in the article.

The following baby skills indicate normal development:

• recognizing your parents;
• the baby smiles at the sight of loved ones;
• at the sight of mom or dad, the child begins to fuss, quickly move his arms and legs;
• During this period, the newborn begins to “walk.” He makes sounds such as “aha”, “abu”, “agu”;
• Children listen with pleasure to the speech of adults, love their mother’s songs, and often fall asleep to them.

If your baby isn't smiling at two months, don't worry. It is impossible to define clear boundaries for some stages of development. This means this joyful event will happen a little later.

Third month

The third month is characterized by a leap in physical and neuropsychological development.

Physical development

This stage is characterized by the following skills and abilities:

• the ability to lie on the tummy and hold the head for a short time;
• If you hold the baby by the armpits, he leans on his legs and tries to stand. At the same time, parents should remember that prolonged stay in this position can cause harm to the immature musculoskeletal system;
• the baby begins to play with toys. His movements are chaotic, he can throw objects, knock them, pull them into his mouth;
• The child likes bright things, ringing or rustling, spinning and musical objects. This period is very important in development, since the baby is forming a relationship between vision and hearing;
• Most children in the third month of development roll over and try to hold their head up.

Pediatricians do not recommend seating a newborn during this period. This can lead to spinal deformation. By the end of the third month, children usually experience a decrease in muscle tone. The baby begins to better control his movements, takes objects in his hands, and squeezes and unclenches his fingers more easily. When a child is held in his arms, he turns his head and examines the world around him.

Neuropsychic development

At this age, the child spends all his time free from sleep studying the world around him. He examines new toys, objects around him, reacts to the appearance of new interior items and people. Strangers may cause reactions such as anxiety and crying. The period of wakefulness becomes longer, some children walk for 2-3 hours.

At this stage, the baby actively develops communication skills with mom, dad, brothers, sisters and other family members. If before this the newborn revealed any of his desires in the form of crying, now the baby uses facial expressions and some sounds. If a mother enters the room, the baby gets worried, follows her with his eyes, smiles, and makes various sounds.

At three months, it is very important to try to establish verbal contact with the baby. Parents should talk to their child as much as possible, name objects that are in the child’s field of vision. This will help speed up the baby's development.

Fourth month

In the fourth month of life, the child becomes more proportional. The head no longer exceeds the volume of the chest. The legs become more even, movements acquire a clear character.

Physical development

At four months, a child should have the following physical skills:

• the child holds his head well, turns it when he hears sounds or sees bright objects;
• lying on his tummy, the baby holds his head for quite a long time and confidently turns it;
• some babies roll over from their tummy to their back;
• the newborn continues to explore the world around him and his body. He can pull hands and even toes into his mouth, examines them carefully, and plays with toys.

At this age, the baby may have a favorite toy, to which he pays maximum attention. If the interior has changed, new furniture or objects have appeared, the newborn pays enough attention to this event.

Rapid development is also observed from the neuropsychological side. The child reacts positively to mom and dad, may cry at the sight of strangers or, conversely, smile with interest and walk. In the fourth month of life, the baby begins to make more and more new sounds and trains the nasolabial muscles. When a baby hears his name, he begins to listen and smile. At this age, the little man can already distinguish the voices of loved ones from strangers. As a rule, the child reacts very actively to all events in the fourth month. If something hurts or he is hungry, parents are faced with crying and poor sleep. When a baby is full and feels good, he smiles, plays with toys with pleasure, and communicates with adults.

It is worth noting that the 4th month is characterized by an expansion of the emotional sphere. If earlier he was dominated by fear or hunger, now the newborn experiences interest, surprise, disappointment and other feelings.

Fifth month

The fifth month is characterized by the emergence of new skills and abilities. If recently the baby could only lie down, eat and sleep, then at this stage the baby confidently communicates with adults and learns more and more about the world around him.

Physical development

In terms of physical development, at five months the child has the following skills:

• attempts to stand while being held under the armpits. With the help of parents, the baby can stand for several minutes;
• lying on his stomach, the baby plays, turns his head, confidently holds his head and shoulders;
• Children at 5 months independently roll over from their back to their tummy and vice versa. Some babies try to crawl if you put your hand under their legs;
• A baby can perform several crawling movements if colorful objects are placed in front of him. Trying to get them, the baby will try to crawl towards them;
• the child speaks to his parents using monosyllabic words;
• the little man continues to actively explore his body, touch his face, put his fingers in his mouth, feel his stomach, chest and other parts of the body.

The baby still sleeps a lot. Daytime sleep should be about two hours twice. Night – at least 10 hours. All free time The baby spends time playing, communicating with mom and dad, and eating.

Neuropsychological development

From the outside psychological development The baby is showing more and more emotions. If he is hungry or wants to sleep, the baby may cry and worry. If a toy is taken away, this will most likely be followed by squealing or crying. In addition, he clearly divides the people around him into friends and strangers. If a stranger picks him up, the reaction may be different. Some children burst into tears, while others, on the contrary, look at the new face with interest. The baby distinguishes the tone of those around him. If you treat him kindly and smile, he will easily go into your arms. If the baby hears a rude conversation or scream, most likely he will cry.

During this period, as well as in subsequent ones, it is very important to provide adequate protection for the new family member. The crib should have soft sides; you should not throw a newborn on the edge of the sofa, as he may well fall.

Sixth month

At six months, the child continues to actively develop. The newborn already clearly knows his parents and other family members, enjoys them, and communicates using facial expressions and sounds. Moreover, he already possesses many physical skills.

Physical development

Speaking about the physical skills of a baby at six months, the following should be noted:

• the ability to sit for a short time. Even if the child sits well, you should not leave him in this position for a long time. The spine should not be subject to heavy loads during this period;
• The toddler confidently holds toys and various objects in his hands, throws them, knocks;
• Most children develop their first teeth at this age. If this does not happen, there is no reason to sound the alarm. Most likely, the teeth will appear a little later;
• if he reaches for any object, but cannot reach it, the baby will perform squeezing and unclenching movements with his fingers;
• At this age, the child realizes that he has two hands, he transfers objects from one handle to another, and often takes one object in both hands.

At six months, many babies begin to move around the crib. Some move backward, pushing off with their hands, others crawl forward. Some try to pull themselves up along the bars of the crib and stand up.

Neuropsychological development

At six months, the baby actively interacts with adults, walks and smiles. Sitting in his mother's arms, he touches her face, hair, buttons and fasteners on her clothes. The toddler's vocabulary is replenished with new sounds (“de”, “gu”, “ba”, “na”, “ma”). The baby plays with pleasure, smiles when he is happy and shows dissatisfied grimaces if something does not suit him. The baby learns to recognize various sounds, reacts to knocking, rustling, rustling, freezes, and turns its head.

During this period there is a sharp leap in development. The toddler begins to feel the relationship between actions and events. For example, if you cry, you can attract the attention of adults; if you press a button on a toy, music will play, and so on.

It is necessary to pay as much attention as possible to a six-month-old child. You need to talk to him, read fairy tales, even if it seems that he doesn’t understand them, sing songs and nursery rhymes.

Seventh month

A seven-month-old toddler is already a fully formed personality with his own character. Moms and dads never cease to rejoice at the increasing skills of their child at seven months.

Physical development

At 7 months, the baby should have the following abilities:

• crawl forward and to the side;
• try to crawl on all fours. If a toddler does not crawl, but tries to walk straight away, this is not considered a pathology. Many children miss a stage of development such as crawling and this feature is considered quite normal;
• sit leaning on a pillow. Often, without support, children fall, which parents must remember.

At this stage of development, it is very important to pay enough attention to massage and games with the baby. You can give him your hands so that he can pull himself up by them and try to stand up. Many children like to stand with support and jump. Some toddlers try to stand up and move along the sides of the crib on their own. In this case, the sides should be quite high so that the baby does not fall out.

Neuropsychological development

The psychophysical abilities of a seven-month-old child must meet the following criteria:

• the ability to transfer an object from one handle to another;
• hold the toy with two hands, give it to an adult upon request;
• finding an item under a hidden pillow or blanket;
• knock with rattles, throw them;
• clap your hands, press buttons on musical toys;
• point with hands at objects that he wants to touch.

At this age, fine motor skills continue to actively develop. The baby learns to take small objects, examines them, puts them small toys in a bucket.

At this age, the child develops an interest in dishes and can try to eat on his own with a spoon. Even if your child doesn’t succeed, you shouldn’t take his cutlery away.

Eighth month

At the 8th month of development, the growth rate of the toddler slows down somewhat. This is due to its increase motor activity. During this period, teeth continue to actively erupt. Many parents can boast that their children already have four incisors.

Physical development

At this stage of life, the baby gains about 500 grams in weight and becomes 1-1.5 centimeters taller. An eight-month-old child can do the following:

• sit, quickly roll over from tummy to back and back, crawl, stand up and move around, leaning on support;
• At this age, the baby devotes a lot of time to toys and other objects. He loves musical toys, magazines, balls. The little one moves them from place to place, throws them, knocks. If a toy falls from his hands, he tries to find it;
• the child plays with interest with other children, babbles with them, smiles. The baby gets very upset if mom goes somewhere;
• many children can already point to the object they are being asked about. For example, where is the car? The baby will point exactly to this toy;
• The child already uses a spoon independently and learns to drink from a cup. Many babies are already eating cookies or other solid foods.

Although children's body is individual, parents should be alerted if he does not sit down, cannot stand for several seconds while holding on to a support, does not pick up toys with his hands, and does not listen to various sounds. In such a situation, parents are obliged to show their child to the pediatrician.

Neuropsychological development

At this age, the child often looks at his reflection in the mirror, touches it with his hands, gurgles, and smiles. Facial expressions acquire new features and become more diverse. Using it, parents can easily find out what mood their child is in. The first words appear in the lexicon that resemble “mama,” “baba,” “give,” “na,” and so on.

During this period, visual memory develops. The baby can recognize close people from photographs and smiles when he sees them. If music is playing or rhythmic poetry is read to him, the little one can jump up and clap his hands. Due to the development of concentration and psychomotor skills, the baby can play with toys independently for a long time.

At eight months, the baby should already clearly know the daily routine. Feeding and sleeping should be on a schedule. If the baby is not put to bed on time, the nervous system is subject to enormous stress. Often children are capricious, become whiny, and cannot sleep.

Eight-month-old children should be engaged in various developmental exercises. These could be games such as “find an object”, “show the color”, “build a pyramid” and so on.

Ninth month

At 9 months, it’s hard to call a baby helpless. He crawls well, sits up, and tries to walk. Many toddlers learn the skills of independently eating with a spoon and drinking from a cup. The child has contact with parents and other family members, communicates using one- or two-syllable words.

Physical development

At 9 months, a small family member should have the following physical skills:

• The baby increasingly walks in a walker or leaning on a support. Muscles become stronger, muscle-nervous coordination develops more and more;
• At this age, hearing and vision improve. At the same time, the baby not only sees objects and hears sounds in the room in which he is located. If a child hears plates or pots clinking in the kitchen, he already clearly understands that dinner or lunch is coming soon;
• Most nine-month-old babies have their second pair of incisors erupting. During this period, the jaw apparatus develops. It is useful to offer your baby a lot to chew, for example, carrots, apples, crackers. At the same time, it is important to ensure that he does not choke;
• at 9 months the baby skillfully plays with toys, can put various objects into boxes, put together a pyramid;
• the baby distinguishes between animals and some colors;
• the child responds to his name;
• the new family member listens to the parents’ speech, tries to repeat mom and dad’s words, babbles emotionally, and laughs loudly.

Some children do not succeed in everything, but parents should not worry about this, because each child is individual. It is recommended to contact a specialist if the child does not perform basic actions. For example, the baby does not sit, does not walk, does not respond to its name, and does not get angry if a toy is taken away.

Neuropsychological development

Many children at nine months can boast of the ability to distinguish objects, faces, colors, and animals. During this period, logic actively develops. The child can stack cubes, pyramids, and sort objects by color and shape. Don’t be afraid to give your baby new information, play with him, leaf through books, look at pictures. Even if it seems to you that the baby does not yet perceive this information, believe me, later the result will be very noticeable, because all this is stored in the memory of your little child.

Already at nine months, the child should clearly know that this is not possible. Raising children at this time is the basis of his behavior in the future. You can't give in to crying. If you think that the baby should not take this or that item, stand your ground. The same applies to the daily routine.

Tenth month

At ten months, the small family member becomes more and more similar in silhouette to adults. The volume of the head becomes smaller in relation to chest, the body becomes straight, he spends more and more time in an upright position, and looks more and more proportionate.

Physical development

The achievements of a child at this age continue to please parents. Many boys and girls are already trying to walk. Most children confidently move along the sofa and other objects. Kids actively crawl around the whole house, study objects, actively involve various objects in all their games (mom’s pots, dad’s tools, open and close drawers on chests of drawers and cabinets).

Skills of a ten month old baby:

• pick up and examine small objects;
• transferring objects from one box to another;
• folding towers from cubes and pyramids;
• The baby enjoys collecting pebbles on the street in a bucket;
• many children become familiar with pencils, felt-tip pens, and finger paints;
• Some toddlers enjoy playing in the sand.

During games, you should never leave your child alone. Always nearby. This will help prevent many accidents.

Neuropsychological development

At this age, the child becomes a full participant in communication between family members. He laughs, babbles, hearing his parents speak, and sincerely rejoices at the arrival of guests. The baby gets upset or angry when something doesn’t work out for him. At loud sounds, he flinches, gets scared, and may cry. At this age, a sense of humor appears. A toddler can laugh loudly if he sees a bizarre grimace or a cheerful dance. At this stage, children imitate adults, try to repeat facial expressions and behavior. This great time teach your child the rules of behavior at the table and in the company of people.

In addition, boys and girls perform simple elements of the game. They roll cars, throw a ball, feed a doll from a spoon, put the animals to sleep, and so on. Don't scold your know-it-all if a toy is broken or a cup is broken. These actions also relate to methods of understanding the world.

Do not leave your child alone in the room unattended. Toddlers at this age love to take everything off the shelves, press buttons on electrical appliances, and explore sockets. If you need to leave the room, it is recommended to leave your little one in a playpen or crib with high sides.

Eleventh month

Children at 11 months acquire more and more skills and delight mothers and fathers with their first steps and new simple words. An indicator of proper physical and mental development is the ability to communicate with adults and other children, a wide range of emotions in a little person, and an attempt to learn more and more new information.

Physical development

At this stage, the child is actively growing and has the following skills:

• plays with toys for a long time;
• takes small objects with two fingers and holds them tightly;
• builds a pyramid and a turret;
• is interested in colorful books and magazines and leafs through them for a long time. He likes to tear pages and rustle them;
• The toddler actively dances to music and loves musical toys;
• at the request of the parents, shows objects, takes off a hat, socks, unzips, finds hidden objects, feeds a doll, pushes a car, and so on;
• more and more words consisting of two syllables appear in speech;
• the little man already distinguishes between encouragement and denial, waves his head if he doesn’t want something, points his finger at the desired item;
• the baby finds new activities and games, for example, he can transfer cereals, pasta and other small objects from bowl to bowl, plays with flour, and loves playing with water.

The child becomes more and more independent, eats with a spoon, drinks from a cup, tries to put on socks or a hat, tries to fasten buttons.

Neuropsychological development

Normally, children at 11 months should have the following neuralgic skills:

• tying the first words to the meaning (“am” - eat, “ma” - mother, “yes” - give, and so on);
• The little one already knows how to manipulate adults; he whines on purpose, which helps him get attention;
• the little man responds to his parents’ requests - take it, go, lie down, don’t touch, and so on;
• children learn to stand their ground, cry and become capricious if they don’t get what they want;
• intelligence develops. For example, to reach an object that is high, the baby will put up a chair;
• the baby is playing more and more role-playing games– feeds dolls, rides cars, pets animals.

If your child does not quite meet the established standards, you should not immediately run to the doctor. Some children master certain skills later than their peers. This is especially true for premature babies and babies with Down syndrome.

At 11 months, the child should receive the necessary complementary foods. The menu should include vegetables, fruits, meat, fish. New products should be introduced little by little. It is recommended to continue breastfeeding for at least 1 year.

Twelfth month

When a child turns 1 year old, it is a joyful event for every family. The little toddler delights the household with his loud laughter and new achievements.

Physical development

At the age of one year, it is quite possible to transfer the child to one nap during the day. He becomes active, plays more and more and spends time communicating with adults. At this stage, it is already possible to agree on something with the baby.

Skills and abilities at 12 months:

• playing story games;
• repeating any actions;
• the child can name the names of other family members;
• the baby should be able to explain to others what he wants;
• the baby walks independently or with the support of adults;
• The toddler draws, tries to tie his shoelaces, fasten buttons and buttons;
• The little man eats on his own and puts on his outerwear.

Daytime sleep usually takes 2 – 3 hours. The rest of the time the little know-it-all is awake, exploring the world. Under no circumstances should you leave the baby alone, since the instinct of curiosity at this age prevails over the instinct of self-preservation.

For proper physical development, you should do daily exercises and massage with your child. Excellent for swimming and walking in the fresh air.

If your child’s skills and knowledge do not fit within the framework of the baby’s development calendar, do not worry. Each child is individual and sooner or later he will succeed.

Neuropsychological development

According to child psychology, at 12 months a baby may experience the first psychological crisis. This is due to the process of separating one’s “I” from my mother. Some children become capricious, do not let their mother take a step, and often throw tantrums.

Let's give an example: a baby wants to build a pyramid, but he can't do it. Having got used to the fact that his mother helps him in everything, he calls her, begins to cry and get upset if the mother expects the baby to succeed on his own. During this period, it is very important not to shout at the little fidget and not to do everything for him. The mother’s task is to teach the little one to perform this or that action independently.

Table of physical development of children from birth to one year

In this table you can find approximate parameters for height, weight, head and chest circumference for children from birth to one year.

Age in months	Weight in kilograms	Height in centimeters	Approximate weight gain in grams	Head circumference in cm	Chest circumference
At birth	3 – 3,4	49 — 54	—	30 — 37,5	36
1	3,7 – 4,5	54 — 56	600	37,5 — 39,5	36
2	4,5 – 4,9	59 — 59	800	39,5 — 43	36
3	4,9 – 5,6	59 — 62	800	43 — 45	44
4	5,6 – 6,3	62 — 65	750	45 — 46	44
5	6,3 – 6,8	65 — 68	650	46 — 47	48
6	6,8 – 7,4	68 — 70	650	47 — 48	52
7	7,4 – 8,1	70 — 72	600	47 — 48	52
8	8 – 8,1	72 — 75	550	47 — 48	52
9	8,5 – 9	75 — 76	500	47 — 49	56
10	9 – 9,5	76 — 78	450	47 — 49	54 — 56
11	9,5 — 10	78 — 80	400	47,5 — 49	54 — 56
12	10 — 11	80 — 82	350	48 — 49	55 — 57

The child’s parameters do not always fit these descriptions specified in WHO standards. Minor deviations from the norm in one direction or another are considered quite normal. Premature babies gain weight more easily and have lower weight and body parameters. Sometimes a child’s weight per year can be up to 13-15 kilograms. As a rule, large children are born to parents with the same body constitution. You can learn more about baby development in the encyclopedia.

An accurate diary of intrauterine development of children by month

Having learned about pregnancy, a woman experiences unforgettable emotions, because a little life is developing inside her.

Let's look at a monthly detailed diary of the development of the fetus in the womb, and also find out what sensations it feels future mom.

1 month

From the moment of conception, new life grows and develops in the mother's womb. After the union of the egg and sperm, cell division begins within a few days. As a result of this process, the so-called morula is formed - a connection consisting of 8-12 cells tightly in contact with each other. After penetration into the uterus ovum attached to its wall. Implantation lasts about forty hours. After attachment, the bubble begins to branch strongly, small vessels appear inside, which in the future will nourish the fetus. All this happens during the first week of pregnancy.

Later the following processes are observed:

• development of the amniotic sac, placenta and umbilical cord;
• the cells of the embryo divide into two halves and acquire a disc-shaped shape;
• between the layers of the disk a middle leaf appears - a layer;
• the future spine – chord – is formed from it;
• from the same middle leaf the formation of muscles, blood vessels, and genital organs begins;
• the skin and nervous system are formed from the outer leaf;
• the inner leaf is the future digestive and respiratory organs;
• at week 20, the embryo begins to develop the rudiments of a head and body.

To summarize, it should be said that in the first month of life the fetus has such organs as the heart tube, the kidneys, the primordium of the bronchi and trachea, the intestinal tube and the pancreas. At this stage, the circulatory and nervous systems are already developing.

On the 23rd day after conception, the fetal heart begins to contract. At this stage, the child resembles a fish embryo.

2 months

At the beginning of the second month, the fetus already has the rudiments of kidneys and lungs, and the intestinal tract is actively developing. Already on this early period the liver performs a hematopoietic function. The embryo's face and limbs can be seen. All this time the nervous system is being improved.

In the second month the following changes occur:

• bringing the eyes closer together;
• dividing the limbs into separate parts (shoulder, forearm, hand);
• the rudiments of the ears and nose are formed;
• towards the end of the second month (in the seventh week), the rudiments of teeth are formed;
• in the eighth week, muscles appear that are already contracting;
• the brain is divided into sections, the cerebral cortex is divided into layers.

At this stage of pregnancy, many women experience toxicosis, which is associated with hormonal changes in the body and developing new life in the womb.

3 months

In the third month, active development of the fetus continues. He looks more and more human. Here are the changes:

• the liver continues to develop and function;
• facial features are drawn;
• nails form on the fingers and toes;
• the fetus performs its first movements;
• vocal cords are formed.

By the end of the third month, the intestines begin to function. The genitals continue to form, but it is still impossible to distinguish a boy from a girl. The nervous system continues to form, the little man already feels skin irritation and reacts to it by squeezing his fingers.

4 months

In the fourth month, the fetus grows rapidly. The vessels are not very deep, so they are clearly visible on the body. The following processes take place here:

• already at 14 weeks the skeleton is formed;
• continues to develop digestive system;
• the stomach and gall bladder are already working;
• the child is already excreting the first feces (original);
• red bone marrow already performs the function of hematopoiesis;
• the endocrine system begins to function;
• The kidneys are working and urine is being released.

The child performs more and more movements. He turns his head, moves his arms and legs, takes a finger in his mouth. In the fourth month, the woman feels the first movements of the fetus.

At the fourth month, it is already possible to determine the sex of the unborn child using an ultrasound scan.

5 months

In the fifth month, subcutaneous fatty tissue appears in the fetus, the skin becomes less transparent, and the vessels are almost invisible. This is half of the entire pregnancy. At this stage, the baby's first hair appears. The changes in the fifth month are as follows:

• the body is covered with a cheese-like lubricant, which protects it from pathogenic microorganisms;
• the spleen begins to take part in the process of hematopoiesis;
• the vestibular apparatus is formed;
• the entire endocrine system works.

In the fifth month, the baby has facial expressions and can smile or frown.

6 months

During this period, the baby's entire body is covered with cheese-like lubricant and thin fluff. A six-month-old fetus develops eyebrows and eyelashes. The baby breathes and swallows amniotic fluid. The lungs are still closed at this stage. The child's brain parts are completing their formation. The digestive system is well developed and fully functioning. The baby moves freely amniotic fluid. The baby sleeps most of the time (up to 20 hours a day). The little man already reacts to bright lights and loud sounds.

7 months

Alveoli and air tubes form in the lungs. At this stage, a special substance begins to be synthesized, which causes the lungs to open when inhaling (surfactant).

The sense organs are already fully functioning. The baby sees a bright light and hears sounds. In connection with the further development of the endocrine system, the fetus develops a special type of metabolic processes.

8 months

The fetus grows significantly and no longer moves so freely in the uterine cavity. Movements become more coordinated. In most cases, the baby is positioned head down, but sometimes it occurs breech presentation.

The heart is almost formed, but there is still a hole between the right and left atria, which should close on its own after the baby is born. In addition, the child has a botal duct. Its function is to connect the pulmonary artery and aorta. After birth, it must stop working.

9 months

At the ninth month, the baby already has light skin, its shape is rounded, and the fetus is gaining weight. The fluff on the body gradually disappears. Movements are reduced to a minimum, since the baby already occupies the entire uterine cavity. A special center has already been formed in the brain, which is responsible for breathing.

The formation of the liver and pancreas is still ongoing. These organs will continue to mature after the baby is born. At 9 months, the baby can already distinguish the intonations of voices and hear music.

10 months

At this time, the fluff on the child’s body disappears, most internal organs fully perform their functions. At 38 weeks, the baby is considered mature for birth.
At 38–40 weeks, the baby gives an impulse to be born, and labor begins.

In this photo you can see the development of the fetus week by week.

What toys do children under one year old need?

Every baby after birth requires proper care and affection. At the same time, every parent wants to develop their child, so they ask themselves what toys are needed for children of this or that age? Let's figure out which toys are preferable from birth to one year:

• 1 month – colorful Stuffed Toys and rattles without small parts;
• 2 months – a musical carousel, which should be secured above the crib, will be just right here;
• 3 months – colorful rattles, toys with different textures, rustling, ringing;
• 4 months – balls, tumblers, rattles, various jingling toys;
• 5 months – blocks, soft toys, rattles, musical ones;
• 6 months – pipes, tambourines, piano. The baby will be happy to learn new sounds. In addition, you can buy rubber toys for swimming;
• 7 months - here you can already use various play mats and panels, musical instruments, balls, pyramids;
• from 8 months to a year are perfect Finger paint, pencils, dolls, simple construction sets for sorting objects, gurneys.

No matter how interesting and colorful the toys are, parents should remember that they cannot replace communication with mom and dad, so spend as much time as possible with your child, talk to him, sing songs, leaf through books. This will help you grow up happy, healthy and creative personality.

Video about the early development of children under one year old

In his video, Dr. Evgeniy Olegovich Komarovsky spoke about early development children.