- ■ The richer man who had difficulty saving his fortune is usually said to have come to Paris in wooden shoes ... Lexicon of Common Truths

Souvenir Dutch klumps. Modern wooden shoes. Clogs. Wooden shoes. Wooden shoes, an element of traditional national clothes in Europe. In France, wooden shoes are called clogs (fr. Sabot), in the Netherlands are clumps (Netherlands ... Wikipedia

Sabatons   - (Turk.) 1. A kind of light leather shoes with heels and buckles. Appeared in the XVIII century. in Russia. Depending on the owner’s means, the buckles of B. were gold, silver, sometimes they were decorated with precious stones. Such B. cavaliers put on ... Encyclopedia of Fashion and Clothing

They consist of objects, which are mostly essential in household goods of a peasant of the 19th century and made mainly of whole pieces of wood, which have been given the corresponding shape by scraping or scraping from the outside and removing ... ... Wikipedia

Shredded wooden products consist of objects that are mostly essential in household goods of a peasant of the 19th century and made mainly from whole pieces of wood, which are given the appropriate shape by means of a trim or ... ... Wikipedia

They consist of items that are mostly essential in the household of a peasant and made mainly from whole pieces of wood, which are given the appropriate shape by scraping or scraping from the outside and removing internal ones ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

There are other meanings to this term, see Shoe (meanings) ... Wikipedia

  - ... Wikipedia

From poplar for everyday use. Klomps are traditional Dutch wooden shoes. Currently, the practical value of Dutch wooden shoes is declining most of the Dutch already ... Wikipedia

A set of women's shoes reflects the Russian fashion of 2006 2007. Shoes. Shoes element of clothing. It is put on legs. It is used primarily for thermal and mechanical protection of the legs ... Wikipedia

Books

• Wooden shoes, Kazis Saya. A collection of autobiographical stories about the life of a Lithuanian orphan shepherdess. Only after the restoration of Soviet power in Lithuania and the victory over fascism in the Great Patriotic War ...

Clogs - the story of wooden shoes

Remember the 70s of the last century, when many of us not only dreamed, but also wore shoes on wooden soles. I had and not even one pair of such shoes. It was very convenient for me to walk in it, although some of my friends did not really like it, because they thought that the shoes looked bulky. But everyone has different tastes and everyone decides what to wear. If in those years it was difficult to buy a sabot, now it is possible to get not only easy, but the choice is quite large. Shoes of different colors and designs are offered, not like at the time when the clogs just appeared. And when and where now and find out.

Clogs, klomps, klumpes, trasko - these are all the names of wooden shoes worn by the lower layers of the population: peasants and workers as everyday and sometimes protective shoes. It was made from various types of wood - willow, poplar, birch, beech and others. There were many varieties of wooden shoes and this was due to the country in which they were made. therefore, some were in high heels, others looked like boots, and even made sandals.

Although wooden shoes in the Middle Ages and later were the main shoes in many European countries, such as France, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Sweden and the UK, their history goes deep into antiquity. Such shoes were worn in ancient Rome and in Japan. In the X century. a wooden sole in the shape of a bench had Japanese geta. They were the main shoes of women and men from different walks of life and were worn until the middle of the twentieth century. There were different styles of wooden shoes. They were closed and with an open calcaneal part, without decoration, varnished or decorated with carvings and paintings, and sometimes they were also upholstered with copper wire on the edging. To increase the period of wear, wooden shoes were ironed. While walking, such shoes rattled terribly, and when running along the pavement, sparks even rained from under their soles. Such shoes were worn in villages until the beginning of the 20th century, but gradually it was supplanted by the products of industrial enterprises. Again interest in it arose in the 60s of the last century. Then there was a version of a clog with a leather upper on a thickened sole of wood, which we wore. And as I said above, now the clogs models have changed, they began to produce, both female and female. And depending on the style, various materials for the upper of the shoe and decor are used. It remains to carefully consider the choice and see which clogs were worn not only in antiquity, but also at present.

The history of shoes totals about 30 thousand years. During this time, many styles and models have changed, but still it remains the most necessary and important wardrobe item.

Shoes of ancient times

According to the conclusion of scientists who studied and analyzed the found remains of primitive people, the structure of their skeleton and leg bones, the first samples of ancient shoes appeared at the end of the Paleolithic era in western Europe. It was during this period that changes began in the structure of the foot of ancient people: the little finger began to decrease along with the overall shape of the foot, which was due to wearing narrow shoes.

The beginning of the history of shoes was marked by the cooling that took place during this period and the foundation of the first ancient civilizations: in order to protect themselves from the cold, people began to put on animal skins, and to wrap their legs in pieces of skin. A layer of dry grass was placed between the skin for insulation, and a bark of wood bark was used as fasteners.

The history of the appearance of shoes in hotter countries, such as Ancient Egypt, is associated with the appearance of sandals that people put on to protect their feet from hot sand, and they always walked barefoot indoors. Sandals were sewn from papyrus or palm leaves, tied to the leg with leather straps. In their manufacture, patterns were used that were the same for both legs. The richer Egyptians wore sandals with beautifully decorated straps. Another type of footwear popular in Ancient Egypt, found during excavations of settlements, is very similar to modern slippers with a closed toe.

Shoes in Ancient Greece

The look of shoes in ancient Greece can be judged by the frescoes depicting the Greek gods: these were “crepe” sandals, which were fastened to the leg with lacing almost to the knee. According to historical data, it was the Greeks who first began to sew shoes on symmetrical patterns for the right and left legs.

In addition to sandals, among ancient Greek women, “endromids” were popular - high boots with a sole and a bootleg of leather sewn to them, which was pulled by a long lace in front, and the toes looked out. Legislators of fashion were getters, who wore the most sophisticated, richly decorated shoes. Women's sandals, which left the inscription “Follow me” in the gaiters, were popular in fashion, and peaches (stocking boots) were also very popular.

Another variety of shoes - “katurni” on a high platform - became known thanks to the Greek actors who dressed them during performances so that they could be seen by the whole public.

Shoes in Ancient Rome

Ancient Roman shoes were divided by social status and gender:

• calceus - closed shoes with ties in front worn only by plebeians;
• solea - sandals with straps, similar to Greek, poor Romans could use only 1 strap, and rich patricians - 4;
• women wore only white shoes, men - black;
• the festive shoes were red and richly decorated with embroidery and stones;
• military shoes worn by Roman soldiers — sturdy shoes with nails soled were called caligae;
• actors could wear only socci slippers.

Ancient Israel was famous for its great variety, where shoes were sewn of very high quality, using wool, leather, wood and reeds. These were shoes and sandals, shoes and high boots. High-heeled shoes appeared on the land of ancient Israel, in the exclusive models of which beautiful bottles with incense were attached to the heels.

Scythian shoes

The history of the shoes of the Scythian peoples, who were the ancestors of the Eastern Slavs, testifies that the highest popularity was enjoyed by high soft leather boots, which were pulled by belts, and colorful ornaments sewn from rags were used as decoration. They wore boots over felt stockings. The bootlegs of such boots were sewn with a mosaic of pieces of fur, colored felt and leather. Pants specially tucked inside the boots to demonstrate the beauty of shoes.

The shoes of the Scythian peoples were outwardly similar to the high fur boots worn by the northern nationalities in Russia. Women's boots were not so high, but they were made of red leather, they were decorated with patterns, a red woolen strip was sewn at the junction of the head and the leg with

The most original feature of Scythian shoes is the richly decorated soles of boots embroidered with beads and multi-colored thread from tendons. A similar trend of sole decoration existed among the Asian steppe peoples, who had the custom of sitting with their legs folded, with their heels out.

Shoes in Medieval Europe

The history of European shoes was marked in the Middle Ages by the fashion of “bullet” shoes with curved toes that were so long and so richly decorated with bells that they had to be tied to the leg so that you could walk normally. Such shoes in the 14th century, representatives of noble families were required to wear by decree of the King of France Philippe 4th.

The 15th century brought a new fashion for shoes: only stupid models begin to sew shoemakers, and as the nose expands and expands, the back begins to narrow. Already at the beginning of the 16th century. shoes had to be tied to the legs at the level of the rise. At this time, high heels trimmed with leather appear, and also, as a result of a hobby for hunting, boots with very high shafts - “over the knee boots” that were comfortable when riding horses, are in fashion.

Fashionable shoes in the 16th century were masculine: it was men who could flaunt new red shoes with heels, and women hid their shoes under fluffy skirts, and no one saw them.

And only from the beginning of the 17th century, when shorter skirts became fashionable, women were able to show their fans elegant silk, brocade and velvet shoes in small heels. Wealthy ladies wore shoes richly embroidered and decorated with stones.

The Baroque and Rococo epochs were marked by the heyday of luxurious ballroom shoes, richly decorated with bows, beads, ribbons. The models themselves were sewn from expensive fabrics and leather of various colors (red, yellow, blue, etc.). Spurs were added to decorate men's treads and for riding comfort.

At the end of the 18th century, during the Enlightenment, the place of fabric shoes was taken by more practical leather shoes, which both women and men began to wear with pleasure. The boots had comfortable fasteners or lacing, a small heel-glass, and winter models were decorated with fur.

Wooden shoes

In ancient times, wood as a material for making shoes was rarely used, because it was considered quite rough and fettering movement. The only exception is the manufacture of soles for sandals, which in ancient Rome were tied to the foot with pieces of cloth and put on the feet of the captives so that they would not run away.

In Europe, in the 16-18 centuries, wooden "logs" (or clogs) with a thick sole, which were fastened with a metal hoop to the leg, became fashionable. Wealthy women dressed them so as not to get dirty with street dirt. The poor peasants had galoshes in use, having a wooden bottom and a leather top, in which it was convenient to walk in the mountains.

Clogs and galoshes gained great popularity in the Netherlands and in the north of France because of durability and convenience: in such shoes you can walk in wetlands without risk of getting your feet wet. It was made from wood species that did not crack: poplar, willow, etc. In 1570, a guild of shoemakers specializing in the manufacture of logs was created; some Dutch peasants still wear such wooden shoes during field work.

Wooden shoes later became popular in England, where peasants wore them as casual shoes, which were replaced with leather shoes on holidays.

Shoes for warriors

Ancient Roman warriors began to use sandals as shoes due to the fact that they had to travel long distances over rough terrain. Military sandals were reinforced with belts, nails. Later they began to use shoes that were laced along the upper part of the lower leg, and the estate and the rank of warrior could be determined by decorative elements.

Since ancient times, warriors wore boots, most often red, because they could not see blood during the battle or bloody corns after the exercises. Later, with the introduction of uniforms, military shoes began to be produced in black. In Europe, boots became popular after the invasion of the steppe armies in the era of the Migration of Peoples; they began to be worn not only by cavalrymen, but also by herders.

In the Middle Ages, when it consisted of metal armor, socks of knight's shoes (sabatons) were also made of metal. A sharp plate toe on such a boot served as an additional tool for the warrior: they could mortally hit the enemy. Later, the Sabatons began to do with a rounded toe, they were called "duck legs".

In the 19th century, the British army began to sew for their troops high boots with lacing, nicknamed the "Bluers". According to legend, such boots were worn by soldiers of the Blucher army during the Napoleonic Wars. They existed as military shoes for many years.

In the 20th century. during the First World War, the armies of the European states were equipped with “trench boots” on a sturdy sole made of thick leather. Since 1941, the U.S. Army has been using leather shoes with synthetic sole lacing.

Shoes in Russia

The history of shoes in Ancient Russia begins with the most common, which was worn not only by peasants, but also by poor citizens - these are bast shoes. Such shoes existed only in Russia, the material for its manufacture was birch bast (linden, willow, oak, etc.). To get one pair of bast shoes, it was necessary to peel 3-4 trees.

There were bast bast shoes everyday and festive, more elegant: pink or red. To warm in winter, straw was laid in bast shoes, and hemp rope was hemmed from below. They were fastened to the leg with obora (narrow leather straps) or urine pads (hemp rope). One pair of bast shoes was enough for the peasant for 4-10 days, but they were cheap.

The oldest Russian leather shoes are pistons, soft shoes from a piece of whole leather, gathered around the edge of the strap. Over time, boots became very popular in Russia, which were sewn the same way, for both men and women. Leather boots appeared in Russia due to the raids of nomadic Asian tribes. They were made by leather and shoe craftsmen who independently prepared and sewed the sole from several layers of cowhide, and heels began to be made from it over time.

The top of the ancient boots was slanted obliquely so that the front was higher than the back. Usually they were made of black leather, and festive morocco boots were sewn of red, green, blue leather, staining it during dressing. Such boots were made in Russia, first from imported material, then from the middle of the 17th century, they began to make morocco in Moscow at the factory of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

The morocco boots were made from goat skin, which was specially soaked for 2 weeks in a mortar, and then carefully polished with stone to get a shiny surface. Usually they were stained with aniline dyes; in addition, a special pattern (shagreen leather) was given to the skin.

In the 19th century native Russian felted wool and wire rods appeared, which were made of sheep's wool. Their price was high due to the complexity of manufacturing, so most often the family had one pair of boots, which were worn in turn.

In the 20th century. in Russia, shoemakers received the nickname “spinning tops” because they worked on the outskirts (shoe workshops were located in Maryina Grove), and worked like lone wolves.

19-20 century and the emergence of the shoe industry

The first guilds and shoe shops appeared in Europe during the era of the development of feudalism, then shoes began to be made in small batches on orders. In the first place in their activities go the quality and appearance of the products.

In the Renaissance, manufactories began to be founded, when shoes began to be made in stages, but each pair was still made to order. And only in the 19th century. velvet shoes are replaced by more practical and comfortable leather shoes and boots.

In these years, mass production of shoes begins, taking into account the configuration of the foot, asymmetry and separation of the pair into left-right. The shoe industry is becoming more mechanized, shoe factories are appearing where machine tools are replacing manual labor. By the beginning of the 20th century production of shoe products is growing up to 500 pairs per employee, and by the middle - up to 3 thousand pairs.

In the 20th century, shoes began to play an important role in creating a female image: due to the shortening of skirts, women got the opportunity to showcase their beautiful legs and elegant shoes or boots, and women's sandals again came into fashion. Depending on the weather and destination, the shoes were worn from leather, satin, suede or silk, and the shoes were learned to make not only on laces, but also using hooks and buttons.

In the 1930s, the fashion for shoes began to change: platforms and wedges appeared. At this time, designers S. Ferragamo and S. Arpad began their activities, who began to professionally manufacture modern models and come up with new styles. Over time, shoes and boots begin to be made not only of leather, but also fabrics and wood, rubber are used to make “bot”.

The beginning of the 1950s marked the appearance of a novelty - a small stiletto heel, as well as styles without heels, designed for convenience during dancing (rock and roll, etc.). Disputes over who became the ancestor of hairpins: the French R. Viviere, R. Massaro or Italian
S. Ferragamo.

Shoe factories of the second half of the 20th century are already working with incredible capacities, where the process is fully automated and controlled by software. They produce thousands of pairs of fashionable shoes every month, which is made from both natural and synthetic materials.

Fashionable shoes in the 21st century

The 21st century is a time of continuous improvement of shoes (new pads, styles and insoles are regularly invented and manufactured), as well as changes in the forms of its sale. Shoes can now be bought both in a small boutique, a large supermarket, and online.

Collections of the latest models are presented on the catwalks in each season by a large number of countries and famous designers, where there are summer, winter, demi-season and evening shoes. Modern shoes are a variety of styles and models that were popular many centuries ago, and appeared recently: these are sandals, shoes, shoes, moccasins, clogs, boots, sneakers and many other different kinds. Modern designers and manufacturers equipped with the latest technology can easily put all their ideas into practice.

klompeny.

Wooden shoes used to be popular in many countries, but today few have preserved the traditions of their manufacture. But in Holland, shoes made of wood are carefully guarded. Their other name is   klompeny.They, along with world-famous mills and tulips, have become one of the main symbols of the country. And every tourist, finding himself here, is trying to get a pair or two of these wonderful shoes.

Nowadays, clompens are a mainly souvenir product, designed for many visitors. But there are people who are faithful to the traditions of their ancestors, for the most part they are residents of the countryside. But the matter is not only in the historical heritage, in fact, the klompen are very comfortable and durable shoes: you can safely walk even on nails, even on glass. The shoes are quickly removed and put on, which is very convenient if you do not have time somewhere. Another plus of clompens: in summer it is not hot, and in winter it is not cold, so that your legs will be comfortable at any time of the year. Well, if there are severe frosts on the street, then paper or straw is stuffed into the shoes for insulation.

The first mention of clompens dates back to the Middle Ages. In particular, shoes can be seen in paintings painted during this period. Over time, the production of clompens gained momentum. At first, artisans made them by hand, but in the XVIII century special mechanisms were developed that made it possible to significantly speed up the manufacturing process. The 19th century is a golden time for clompens: in all corners of Holland, wooden shoes become a favorite type of shoe, and shoe production is a very profitable industry. In the XX century, the situation is becoming more complicated. The consequences of the First World War and the economic crisis of the 30s. all kinds of industry are greatly undermined. Clompen factories are disappearing one after another. During the Second World War, it was, of course, not about shoes, but in the postwar years there was a rapid, though short-term, increase in production. Since then, klompen are practically not used as casual shoes. In the mid-70s, about four hundred small industries engaged in the production of wooden shoes began to read in Holland. Today, more than 3 million pairs of this antique shoes are produced annually.

Clompens are truly an integral part of European culture. In the late 1980s, the Clompen Museum was opened in the Belgian city of Laakdale. But it is likely that in the near future we will be able to see them only on the canvases of ancient masters or as museum exhibits. The fact is that clompens do not meet the standards for shoes in Europe. Therefore, factories producing wooden shoes can be forcibly closed, and the current three million pairs annually can become several hundred. Time will tell if standards and norms can force the Dutch to renounce part of their cultural heritage.

Now let's find out what is needed to get a solid pair of famous Dutch clompens. First you need material. It is best suited for these purposes poplar, whose age is not less than twenty years - its wood is strong and light, and at the same time it is easy to process.

Previously, for the production of wooden shoes used mainly black poplar, which is found everywhere in the Netherlands. Later, clompens were also made from poplar imported from America. The Dutch land was perfect for the American species, and imported trees were grown here. A hybrid of two varieties of poplar, called Canadian, was even bred. The latter becomes suitable for processing at the age of 35, but unlike its relatives it is poorly processed, therefore, it is practically not used in the production of knots.

To make fifty pairs of shoes, you will need a cubic meter of wood. Accordingly, for the aforementioned 3 million pairs, about 60 thousand cubic meters are needed - an impressive figure. To satisfy the industry’s needs for raw materials, poplars are specially planted and carefully looked after.

After the trunk is cut down, it is cut into several parts. The master manually with the help of a chisel and an ax gives the workpieces the desired shape. In order to make the shoe left or right, a special mechanism is used. Then the internal part is removed from the shoe, the final shape is polished and placed in the dryer, holiday and souvenir items are usually painted. Today, almost the entire production process is automated, only drawing is applied manually.

Clompens intended for everyday wear are not decorated with murals. To serve longer, they should be rubbed with sand every week. On holidays and Sundays, painted shoes are worn. In different parts of Holland, patterns are applied to clompens, so that experts who are versed in clompens can determine from a drawing where a person came from.

In the Dutch language, there are many sayings and expressions in which these wonderful shoes appear. And this is another fact in favor of the fact that clompen is an integral part of Dutch culture. Here are some phrases:
  . “Take Clompens” - leave
  . “Walking in ice clomps” - act inadvertently
  . “Feel the Clompens” - Clearly Understand
  . “Drop the clompens” - die
  . "Skillfully play on klompen" - do something professionally

And this is only a small part of stable expressions. Moreover, the above examples are vocabulary, and in local dialects shoes are mentioned so often that it is sometimes difficult to understand what this or that phrase could mean.

Wooden shoes in Europe are an integral part of a traditional national costume. Depending on the country, there are many varieties: it can be shoes, sandals or even high-heeled shoes. In France, wooden shoes are called clogs, flower beds - in Lithuania, and in the Netherlands - klumps. In many European countries, the fashion to wear such shoes has been forgotten over time. And in Holland, to this day, klumps are an integral part of national clothes, the inhabitants of the country still retain the significance and purpose of shoes.

A traveler who wants to visit a country by the North Sea must be aware of the culture of the local people: know nothing about clumps- means to know nothing about the Netherlands. Bright wooden shoeswhose creation began about five hundred years ago are symbol of hollandjust like fabulous tulips, windmills and canals.

Typically, klomps used the poor as cheap and convenient protective clothing in mines, factories, and farms. The practical use of wooden shoes is currently being reduced - in everyday life, most Dutch people are no longer so popular, but they are happy to be shod with farmers, fishermen, gardeners, and gardeners. In addition to all of the above, klomps continue to bring considerable revenue to the country, as they remain the most important souvenir for tourists, such hand-painted souvenirs are often given to high-ranking guests and representatives of foreign countries.

The appearance of this type of shoe is associated with the humid temperate climate of Holland, when there is a high probability of wetting your feet at any time of the year. Historically, they were common among the poorer population - fishermen and peasants who did not have the means to buy comfortable, durable and more expensive shoes. Klomps were easy to make, reliably protected from moisture, a thick sole, lined with straw or shredded paper, often warmed in winter cold.

Dutch shoes are cut out different types of wood: willow, beech, birch, but most often from poplar and aspen, they are growing in abundance in the state. The rapid spread of such craft in the country led to a huge demand for wooden shoes.

In ancient times, clomps produced manuallytalented craftsmen invented and created their own special models, then decorated them various painting. In different regions there was a style, so it was not difficult to determine from what pattern the boots came from which province. Special klumps intended for certain purposes were especially popular: on the sole with spikes - for walking on ice, blades like ice skating - for skating on the rink, for playing soccer, there were even holiday ones - for weddings.

To make a shoe manually, an experienced craftsman needs to work four hours, and nowadays, in a mini-factory using machines, this work will be completed in five minutes. The principle of manufacturing klomp is the same as for turning a copy of the door key. Poplar wood is light but solid and fairly easy to process. For the manufacture of shoes use cliche form, and the wood is soaked well before processing. The wizard “sets” the cliche form and secures the workpiece-log into the machine, then it starts. During processing, both the cliché and the workpiece rotate, and the cutter on the log repeats the shape of the cliché.

For the manufacture of right, left or other shoe sizes use a variety of cliché forms. After the sample has taken the appropriate appearance, on the other machine, the inside is automatically cut out on the same principle. The process ends with grinding. The shoes are ready, only pretty wet. If you blow on them, then water will begin to drip. Now you only need to dry and color.

We learned to grind klomps using mechanisms, but carving and painting are done manually. A pair of beautiful exclusive Dutch handmade shoes not cheap. It is advised to wear such shoes on a woolen sock. If worn every day, then enough for one year. The size is selected so that around the foot approximately on the finger there is free space. Then wearing klomps will be comfortable.

If you go about half an hour from Amsterdam to Zaanse Schans, then it’s located ethnographical museum. In it you can learn the history of unique wooden shoes and see the automated production cycle. In the houses located on the territory of the museum, they will introduce you to the cultural traditions of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

All 12 provinces of the country have their own design, their own particular klomps. The map shows the regions and their corresponding models. At the beginning of the exposition, ancient exhibits are presented, the purpose of which was to protect a person’s legs from the effects of heavy objects during work.

Klomps in the life of the Netherlands occupied important place. There was a provision that all residents of the city, welcoming the king’s exit, are obliged to shoe klumps to emphasize his supremacy. As soon as the baby was born, the first pair of wooden shoes was immediately prepared for him. The young man in love traditionally gave them to the girl, which meant a declaration of love and an offer of marriage.

Then the Dutch learned to protect horses, made special nozzles for them so that they did not fall into the soft ground with their hooves. Then there are klumps for the weekend, for sports - ancient skates, festive - for the wedding.

There is an ancient tradition under the crown to go only in klomps. Wedding shoes from ordinary differ in very elegant beautiful carvings and handmade paintings. After a solemn banquet, the newlyweds decorate the wall in the house with klomps, inserting flowers inside. In Holland, local residents joke that the number of pairs of wedding shoes hung on the walls of a house is a good story about a person.

The museum also has a collection modern wooden shoes. Some samples inlaid with precious metals and stones can be called real masterpieces, works of art.

In the shop   at the museum you can purchase your choice of klomps of the required sizes and colors. Also a large assortment of original souvenir klomps: piggy banks, key rings, shoe brush stands. Dutch shoes -   favorite souvenir of tourists. In the country more than four million pairs are produced in a year, only a third are used for their intended purpose, the rest are sold as souvenirs.

All wooden klomps are officially accredited as safety shoes   with the CE mark, they tend to withstand many influences, including concentrated acids and sharp objects. In practice, they are in some cases safer than standard safety shoes. In case of an emergency, the wood cracks, but does not deform, dents do not press on the fingers of the steel nose, which makes them easy to remove.

It is believed that wearing wooden shoes is a way to maintain healthy legs. They favorably affect the tone of the calf muscles, do not compress the fingers. Some scholars suggest that the higher growth of the Dutch (when compared with the Central European) is associated with wearing national shoes by previous generations.

No tourist returns home from the Netherlands without a magical acquisition - wooden shoes. And if a souvenir from tulips can wither, then the klomps will remain for a long time.