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700
price
question
issue resolved
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Assistance to large families for the purchase of housing for large families
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The status of a large family is established in accordance with regional legislation and is confirmed by a certificate established sample. The certificate of a large family is issued by the social protection authorities at the place of residence of the family. In most Russian regions, a family with three or more minor children is considered a large family.
According to the latest census, there were 1 million 250 thousand large families.
Social support measures and benefits for families with many children established by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 5, 1992 N 431 "On measures for the social support of large families" (hereinafter in the text - Decree N 431). Other federal and regional regulatory legal acts provide for:
- Child benefits
The list of child benefits for citizens who have children related to their birth and upbringing is established by the Federal Law of May 19, 1995 N 81-FZ.
- Monthly payments for children
The list of monthly payments for children is established by Federal Law N 418-FZ of December 28, 2017 “On monthly payments families with children”, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 20, 2020 No. 199 “On additional measures of state support for families with children”, regional legislation.
- Free provision of land to large families
In accordance with paragraph 2.1 of Article 33 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, the maximum sizes of land plots provided free of charge to citizens with 3 or more children are established by regional laws.
- Social support for large families to provide housing
- A one-time monetary incentive to one of the parents awarded the Order of Parental Glory
- Mortgage subsidies
Provided for housing (mortgage) credits (loans) issued to citizens of the Russian Federation:
- at the birth of their second child and (or) subsequent children who are citizens of the Russian Federation, starting from January 1, 2018 and no later than December 31, 2022, - at a rate of 6% per annum for the entire term of the credit (loan);
- living in the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District and acquiring residential premises in the said territory, at the birth of their second child and (or) subsequent children who are citizens of the Russian Federation, starting from January 1, 2019 and no later than December 31, 2022 - at a rate of 5% per annum for the entire term of the loan (loan),
- Social support for large families - borrowers of a mortgage loan
Provided in accordance with the Federal Law of July 3, 2019 No. 157-FZ "On measures of state support for families with children, in terms of repayment of obligations under mortgage housing loans (loans) and on amendments to Article 13-2 of the Federal Law "On acts of civil status" to pay off 450 thousand rubles from their mortgage loan.
- Regional maternity capital (RMC)
Appointed at the birth of a third or subsequent child at the expense of the budget of the region.
- Monthly subsidy for parents to pay for kindergarten
- Tax incentives for property and land taxes
- The right to early retirement for mothers of many children who have given birth and raised 5 children
- The right of parents with many children to annual paid leave at their request at a convenient time for them
Employees with three or more children under the age of twelve are granted annual paid leave at their request at a convenient time for them. This rule is established by article 262.2 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
RMK is an important measure of demographic stimulation of large families and is appointed in most subjects of the Russian Federation at the birth of a third child. Since the vast majority of large families are burdened with significant housing problems, this measure is largely designed to help solve them. For more information on the terms of provision and options for using RMK, please visit our website. portal "Maternal capital" in the section "Regional maternity capital at the birth of a third child" by region of residence.
Also, in order to solve housing problems, some regions establish a one-time cash payment for the purchase of housing for large families.
For example, in the Tambov region, when three or more children are born at the same time or when two or more children are born again in a three-year period in a family that is duly recognized as in need of improved housing conditions, Law of May 26, 2011 N 11-Z "On social support for large families in the Tambov region" provides a one-time cash payment for the purchase or construction of housing, the amount of which is calculated based on the number of family members and 18 m 2 the total area of housing per family member and the approved average cost of 1 m 2 .
March 1, 2015 Federal Law No. 487-FZ dated December 29, 2014 "On Amendments to Article 39.5 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation" came into force, legislatively securing the possibility of providing families with many children in need of better housing conditions, instead of allocating a free land plot, alternative state support in improving the living conditions of a large family.
In accordance with the amendments, subparagraph 6 of Article 39.5 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation is set out as follows:
"6) a land plot to citizens with three or more children, in the case and in the manner established by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation may provide for a requirement that such citizens must be registered as in need of residential premises or that such citizens have grounds for putting them on this register, and also establishes the possibility of providing such citizens, with their consent, with other measures of social support to provide residential premises instead of providing them with a land plot for free;".
The main parameters of social support and benefits for large families established by Decree N 431:
- A discount in the amount of at least 30% of the established payment for the use of heating, water, sewerage, gas and electricity, and for families living in houses without central heating - from the cost of fuel purchased within the limits established for sale to the population in the given territory;
- Free distribution of prescription drugs for children under 6 years of age;
- Free travel on intracity transport (tram, trolleybus, subway and bus of city lines (except for taxis), as well as buses of suburban and intra-district lines for students of secondary schools;
- Admission of children to preschool institutions Firstly;
- Free meals (breakfasts and lunches) for students of general education and vocational schools at the expense of general education and deductions from their production activities and other extrabudgetary contributions;
- Free provision in accordance with established standards school uniform or a set of children's clothing replacing it for attending school classes, as well as a sports uniform for the entire period of children's education in a general education school at the expense of universal education or other non-budgetary funds;
- One day a month for free admission to museums, parks of culture and recreation, as well as exhibitions.
In addition, Decree N 431 provides:
- assistance to parents with many children who wish to organize peasant (farmer) households, small enterprises and other commercial structures, ensuring the allocation of land plots for these purposes, as well as the provision of benefits for the collection of land tax and rent in the form of full or partial exemption from tax for a certain period or reduction of tax rates; provision of gratuitous material assistance or interest-free loans to reimburse the costs of developing a peasant (farm) economy; full or partial exemption from payment of the registration fee from individuals engaged in entrepreneurial activities;
- priority allocation for large families of garden plots;
- assistance in providing large families with preferential loans, subsidies, interest-free loans for the purchase of building materials and housing construction.
Also, by Decree N 431, the Governments of the republics within the Russian Federation, the executive authorities of the territories, regions, autonomous entities, the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg were instructed to determine the categories of families that belong to large families and need additional social support, taking into account national and cultural characteristics in the socio-economic and demographic development of the region.
Regional regulations adopted in accordance with Decree N 431 may also establish other benefits for large families, which can be found in the section "Measures of social support for citizens and benefits in the regions" for your region of residence.
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The Constitution of the Russian Federation dated 12.12.93 Art. 38 "Motherhood and childhood, the family are under the protection of the state" .
Federal Law of December 10, 1995 No. 195 FZ “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation”.
Federal Law No. 159-FZ of December 21, 1996 “On Additional Guarantees for the Social Protection of Orphans and Children Left Without Parental Care” (as amended on July 25, 03).
Federal Law of July 24, 1998 No. 124-FZ “On the Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation” (as amended on July 20, 2000).
Federal Law No. 120-FZ of June 24, 1999 “On the Fundamentals of the System for the Prevention of Neglect and Juvenile Delinquency” (as amended on July 7, 2003).
Federal Law No. 81-FZ of May 19, 1995 “On State Benefits for Citizens with Children” (as amended on July 25, 2002). “It systematizes and legislates guarantees of direct material support for families in connection with the birth and upbringing of a child. In accordance with the main directions of family policy, the amount of benefits has been repeatedly increased, both by changing the norms for assigning benefits, and due to an increase in the minimum wage due to rising prices.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On measures for the social support of large families", dated May 5, 1992, No. 431. In which, it is said about the establishment for large families.
2. The Government of the Russian Federation to conduct regular surveys of the living standards and incomes of low-income groups of the population, including families with many children, in order to implement measures to provide or necessary social support.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 14, 1996 No. 712 “On the main directions of state family policy”. "The goal of the state family policy is to provide the state with the necessary conditions for the family to implement its functions and improve the quality of family life."
Family Code of the Russian Federation of December 29, 1995 No. FZ-223 (as amended on January 2, 2000). “In the Family Code, much attention is paid to the protection of the rights of children, including those left without parental care. The responsibility of parents for the child to receive basic general education, the norms for protecting children from abuse in family.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 06.09.93. No. 1338 "On the prevention of neglect and delinquency of minors, the protection of their rights" (as amended by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 14, 2000 No. 35).
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 09.04.99 No. 406 "On the procedure for granting benefits for travel in intercity traffic to children in need of sanatorium treatment."
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation 04.09.95 No. 883 “On approval of the regulation on the procedure for assigning and paying state benefits to citizens with children” (as amended on February 14, 2002).
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 26, 2000 No. 822 “On approval of the regulation on the implementation and financing of activities related to the transportation of minors who left their families, orphanages, boarding schools, special educational and other children's institutions” (as amended on July 26, 02).
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 27, 2000 No. 896 “On Approval of Model Regulations on Specialized Institutions for Minors in Need of Social Rehabilitation”.
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 3, 2002 No. 732 “On the federal target program “Children of Russia” for 2003-2005.
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2002 No. 25 “On approval of recommendations on organizing the activities of specialized institutions for minors in need of social rehabilitation” The institutions, in accordance with their charters, take measures to prevent neglect and social rehabilitation of minors who find themselves in a difficult life situation, provide them with temporary residence (maintenance), assist in the further placement of children left without parental care.
Also, the provision of social assistance and support for families with many children is also provided at the regional level.
Law of the Krasnoyarsk Territory dated 02.11.00 No. 12-961 “On the Protection of the Rights of the Child” (as amended on 26.06.01) In which are presented: guarantees and rights of the child to rest and health improvement, to work, protection of moral, physical and spiritual development child, guarantees of the child's rights to education, health care, social rehabilitation of children suffering from drug addiction, social rehabilitation of minors released from places of deprivation of liberty.
Law of the Krasnoyarsk Territory dated October 31, 2002 No. 4-608 "On the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency."
Law of the Krasnoyarsk Territory dated September 18, 2001 No. 16-1478 “On social guarantees for state and municipal institutions education, healthcare, social protection of the population, culture, physical culture. Sports and Youth Affairs.
Decree of the Mayor of the city of Krasnoyarsk dated November 16, 1992 No. 438 "On measures for the social support of large families in the city of Krasnoyarsk."
In connection with this decision, it follows:
2. Establish from October 1, 1992 for large families with children under the age of 18 and living together with them the following benefits:
2.1. Free travel on intracity transport of all types (except taxis) for students of secondary schools.
2.2. Free meals (breakfasts, lunches) for students of general educational institutions;
2.3. Free provision in accordance with established standards with a school uniform or a set of children's clothing replacing it for attending school classes, as well as a physical education uniform for the entire period of children's education in a general education school, minus targeted compensation for the purchase of a set of school uniforms or children's clothing.
2.4. A 30% discount on the established fee for the use of utilities (water, heating, gas, electricity, fuel), taking into account family members living with them. The provided benefits are provided to families living in state, municipal, public, cooperative, public and other housing stock, as well as privately owned houses or apartments.
2.5. Admission of children to preschool in the first place.
2.6. Free admission to museums, parks of culture and recreation, exhibitions.
2.7. Priority allocation for large families of garden plots in the amount of at least 0.15 hectares per family (within a radius of up to 40 km from the city).
3. Providing benefits. Provided for in clause 2.1, be carried out upon presentation of documents issued by schools; pp.2.2 -2.7 - upon presentation of a certificate of a large family.
Decree of the regional administration dated 06.01.94 No. 3-P "On the prevention of neglect and delinquency of minors, the protection of their rights"
Decree of the regional administration of November 16, 1999 No. 725-P “On measures to implement the Federal Law “On the basics of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency” (as amended on 07.12.00)
Decree of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of 05.06.01 No. 14-1343P "On the concept of family policy, protection of the rights and legitimate interests of children, support for childhood for 2001-2005."
Decree of the Council of the Administration of the Territory dated April 24, 03 No. 113-P “On measures for the organization of recreation, health improvement, employment of children and adolescents in 2003.”
Regional target programs:
1. Law of the Krasnoyarsk Territory dated April 22, 03 No. 6-970 “On the regional target program “Disabled Children” for 2003-2005”.
2. Law of the Krasnoyarsk Territory of April 22, 03 No. 6-976 “On the regional target program “Prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency” for 2003-2005.”
3. Law of the Krasnoyarsk Territory dated July 17, 01 No. 15-1441 “On the regional target program “Orphans” for 2002-2004.” The main goal of the law is the prevention of social orphanhood. Tasks: 1. Development of family forms of placement of orphans and children left without parental care: foster family, family educational group. 2. Formation of a system of social support and adaptation to an independent life of orphans and children left without parental care.
4. Law of the Krasnoyarsk Territory dated 05.12.00 No. 1026 “On the regional target program “Recreation, improvement of children and adolescents in the Krasnoyarsk Territory” for 2001-2003.” (rev. 20.12.02).
5. Decree of the Legislative Assembly of the Krasnoyarsk Territory dated June 5, 2001 No. 14-1343P "On the concept of family policy, protection of the rights and legitimate interests of children, support for childhood for 2001-2005."
Thus, the content of social assistance is based on the legal documents of the Russian Federation. The provision of social assistance and support to large families is carried out both at the federal and regional levels. Therefore, a social work specialist must know all federal laws, regional and city programs, regulations and orders regarding support for families with children.
Vladimir (11/15/2013 at 19:39:26)
Do you have an association of large families or mothers of large families in your region? I am a lawyer for the Association of Large Families of the Kaliningrad Region, you can go to the association's website http:ams.koenig.ru on the Internet, there are a lot of interesting things listed, including documents and benefits. The actions of officials in your regard are extremely unlawful. I recommend submitting a written application to the administration at the place of residence or the administration of the region, you should be given a full answer to your questions regarding your region.
The status of a large family, as well as the measures of its social support, are determined by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 05.05.92 No. 431 "On measures for the social support of large families." Benefits for large families
1. Large families are provided with a discount on (heating, water, sewerage, gas, electricity) in the amount of not more than 30%. For families with many children who live in houses without centralized heating, the discount provided is calculated based on the cost of fuel, which is sold in the area within the consumption norms.
2. If there are children under 6 years old in a large family, then such a family has the right to receive free medical products sold by prescription, as well as to service in polyclinics without a queue and, first of all, to receive places in sanatoriums and health camps. By prescription of a doctor, children from large families are also provided with prosthetic and orthopedic products free of charge.
3. All members of a large family are provided free pass on suburban and intracity public transport, with the exception of fixed-route taxis.
6. A free school uniform or a set of clothing that replaces it, as well as a sports uniform for physical education - they are supposed to be issued for the entire period of study for each child from a large family.
7. Families with many children are entitled to free admission to museums, parks, exhibitions once a month.
8. A large family can receive benefits on a loan that is intended for the construction or purchase of housing.
9. Families with many children have an extraordinary right to receive a garden plot. The intended use of land by the legislator in this case is clearly spelled out - the site is issued only for individual housing construction.
10. If a large family is going to organize a farm, then in this case it has the right to preferential taxation, as well as to the provision of gratuitous material assistance or interest-free loans to reimburse the costs of developing a peasant (farm) economy.
11. For parents of large families engaged in entrepreneurial activities, there is a full or partial exemption from payment of the registration fee from individuals engaged in entrepreneurial activities.
12. Families with many children in need may be provided with free housing on a first-come, first-served basis.
13. Employers should provide parents of large families with an opportunity with preferential working conditions.
9. Annual payments (benefits) for large families are:
Mothers raising 5 children or more are entitled to an early pension, but only if she took part in the upbringing of each of the children up to 8 years of age, her insurance experience is at least 15 years, and she herself is 50 years old. If a mother gave birth and actively raised 2, 3, 4 children up to 8 years, then she also has the right to demand early retirement. The conditions are as follows: the age of the mother is from 50 years old, seniority- 12 years in the Far North or 17 years in another place with an identical status, insurance experience - from 20 years.
It should be noted that citizens with many children are subject to all the benefits and privileges that families with children have: child care allowance, maternity capital when a second baby appears, allowance for a third child (in those regions where it is paid), etc.
Family social work is in a special way organized activities aimed at small groups of people in need of social protection and outside support. This is one of the varieties of social protection of the population, the main content of which is assistance, assistance in restoring and maintaining the normal functioning of the family.
Social work with the family today is a multifunctional activity for social protection and support, social services for the family at the state level. This activity is carried out by specialists in social work with the family of various profiles. It is implemented in the conditions of a particular society (federal or territorial) and is determined by its specifics. Currently, there are four main forms of social protection for families with children in Russia:
1) Cash payments to the family for children in connection with the birth, maintenance and upbringing of children (benefits and pensions).
2) Labor, tax, housing, credit, medical and other benefits for families with children, parents and children.
3) Legal, medical, psychological, pedagogical and economic consulting, general education for parents, scientific and practical conferences and congresses.
4) Federal, regional targeted and social programs such as "Family Planning" and "Children of Russia" and others. In social work with a large family, the specialist relies on certain principles that contribute to the formation of the need to accept help and enhance the role of the family in solving their own problems: the principle of humanism, the principle of objectivity, the principle of consistency, the principle of tolerance, the principle of a positive image of the family, the principle of equal responsibility.
For families with many children, the state provides assistance. There are a lot of programs for which support is provided. They are implemented by both social protection authorities and employers.
They are supported in several ways - in the form of benefits, allowances and payments once a year. For example, in a number of regions, before September 1, families with many children are transferred funds for collecting children for school. A prerequisite is the upbringing of all children in the family, and not in special children's institutions.
Assistance to large families in a targeted manner is provided at the regional level within the framework of programs adopted in the subjects of the federation to support large and low-income families. Families that apply for it are entitled to targeted assistance if they are recognized as poor (that is, the level of income per person is below the subsistence level).
Specific types of targeted support are fixed by the regulations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, at the same time, the most typical among them can be named:
1) a one-time cash payment;
2) provision of a food package;
3) monthly payments;
4) reimbursement of expenses for paying for children's travel in public transport.
The amount of payments to citizens with many children may vary depending on the number of children.
To receive targeted assistance to the department of social protection, you need to submit a package of documents:
1) application;
2) passport;
3) a certificate from the place of residence;
4) documents on the income of all family members for the past 3 months;
5) information on the ownership of real estate;
6) birth certificates of children, marriage;
7) other documents, depending on the region.
The provision of targeted support is terminated upon departure for permanent residence in another subject of the federation, the discovery of the inaccuracy of the submitted documents, the excess of the amount of income over the subsistence level. In a number of regions and republics of our country, as well as in the capital, a social contract is concluded to provide targeted assistance.
The body of social protection in the field of protection of large families carries out activities aimed at improving demographic situation, the implementation of family policy and the implementation of measures to create an accessible living environment in the district. Implements activities in the field of interaction with public associations. Organizes work on the provision of social support measures.
Provides social protection and support to the population, including organizing social assistance to the poor, disabled and victims of emergencies citizens, carries out comprehensive measures to improve the situation of the family, women and children, accrues allowances and compensation payments, implements the established benefits in accordance with applicable law.
Coordinates the work of administration departments on the development and implementation of social programs.
Interacts with public and charitable organizations that provide social assistance to citizens.
It is very important that family legislation be revised in the Russian Federation. And not only at the federal level, but also at the level of subjects. For example, it is worrying that the absence of a federal law establishing a minimum level of social protection measures for families with children, including large, foster and single-parent families, guaranteed by the state, and placing the issue under the jurisdiction of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, creates a situation in which the right of a citizen to social protection is made dependent on his place of residence, which contradicts the constitutional principle of equal rights of citizens, regardless of their place of residence, provided for by Article 19 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Also, one of the problems of large families is their status in society, the attitude of citizens towards this category of families.
All levels of social protection of large families, both federal, regional and local, act as a single system of subordinate bodies. Therefore, the study of the activities of this structure must be carried out from the point of view of a systematic approach, that is, to explore the social protection system as an integrity that is different from the external environment.
Despite the fact that families with many children are given special attention in the legislation of the Russian Federation, they still have no less problems. Many of these families are low-income and one-time charity events do not seriously change their financial situation. And this suggests that all of them require immediate and full, not partial, resolution.
2.2 Dynamics of large families in the Russian Federation
Increasing the birth rate is one of the important tasks of the state. One of the resources to improve the demographic situation in the country is a large family. State support for families with many children, without exception, should be aimed at developing the family's capabilities to implement its basic functions.
Today, a family is understood as a small social group (association, union of persons), based on marriage, kinship, adoption and other forms of taking children for upbringing, connected by a common life, as well as family rights and responsibilities. Highlighting the “community of life” as an essential feature of the family, it is proposed to consider the family as a whole complex of actions that ensure the existence of the family: this is living together and maintaining a common household, raising and caring for children, a set of everyday actions or systematically performed for a long time.
As you know, the fundamental function of the family is reproductive (continuation of the family, the birth of children). This is its main meaning. In total, there are about 52 million families in Russia, of which only 6-9% are large families (according to), and for the most part (more than 70% of large families) these are families with three children. There are very few families with many children.
Most Russian families have only one child, 30% of children in Russia are born in incomplete families (to single mothers).
The birth of a child is the greatest value for parents, since the birth of a child satisfies the basic need of a person - the need to become a parent, to raise and raise children. However, everyone has a different attitude to the appearance and upbringing of children. It is not uncommon today to create a family without the goal of having children. There are families that are limited to the birth and upbringing of one child. And there is a category of families that consider it their duty to give birth to as many children as they can ensure their well-being, thereby improving the demographics of the country. A family with more than three children is considered to have many children. According to the 2011 All-Russian Population Census, the permanent population of the Russian Federation was 142.9 million people. Compared to the 2003 census, the population decreased by 2.3 million people, including 1.1 million people in urban areas and 1.2 million people in rural areas. The results of the census show that the population in Russia is on the decline.
Changing the demographic situation in the country, namely the increase in the birth rate, should be the primary task of the state. In recent years, the state has begun to pay more attention to the social support of families, which resulted in the appearance in 2012 in Russia of a record number of babies over the past 15 years. In 2013, the birth rate increased by more than 6 percent. In the five months of 2014, 699.9 thousand children were born in Russia, which is 3 percent more than in the same period last year.
In order to revive the traditional family values and caring attitude to the family, forgotten in Russia, the country's public organizations came up with the initiative to hold the Year of the Family. According to President Dmitry Medvedev, the announcement of 2008 as the Year of the Family in Russia and the demographic policy pursued by the state are aimed at maintaining the institution of the family, which has been largely destroyed in recent years.
At an expanded meeting of the Cabinet of Ministers, Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev stressed: "We understand very well that prosperity modern family desire and ability to have children depend on the availability of work and income of parents, on their living conditions, on the availability of education and medical care.
Last year, for the first time in recent years, the birth rate in Russia exceeded the death rate, and population growth has been recorded for several months in a row. Nevertheless, so far the average Russian family has one or two children. And in order for the population of our country to remain at the same level, the expert calculated, each family "should have an average of 2.2 - 2.3 babies." But few decide on a third child. There is hope that this year there will be more such families - in January, payments of additional benefits for the third child began.
The birth rate in 2006 increased from 1.3 children per family to 1.7 in 2012. Physically, in 2006, 1.4 million children were born, in the past - 1.9 million. These figures were announced by the Deputy Minister of Labor and Social Protection Alexei Vovchenko, recalling that natural population growth was recorded in the past year.
Experts and government officials attribute the growth to the age-sex structure of the population favorable for childbearing and the demographic policy measures being taken. However, in a few years the situation is likely to worsen as the smaller generations of the 1990s enter childbearing age. birth, and they will not physically be able to give birth to many children. As a result, the question of how to maintain or increase the birth rate becomes number one for the government.
There is no doubt about the validity of the statement that one of the resources today that ensures the improvement of the demographic situation in Russia is a large family. At the moment, in Russia, the status of a large family, as well as the legal, organizational and economic foundations for its social support, are determined by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 5, 1992 N 431 "On measures for the social support of large families." In this presidential decree, the subjects of the Federation are instructed to independently determine which categories of large families should be provided with material support. Currently, the following main benefits are provided for families with many children in all regions of the Russian Federation:
A discount in the amount of at least 30% of the established payment for the use of heating, water, sewerage, gas and electricity, and for families living in houses without central heating - from the cost of fuel purchased within the limits established for sale to the population in the given territory;
Free distribution of prescription drugs for children under 6 years of age;
Free travel on intracity transport (tram, trolleybus, metro and city bus lines (except taxis)), as well as on suburban and intra-district buses for students of secondary schools;
Admission of children to preschool institutions in the first place;
Free meals (breakfasts and lunches) for students of general education and vocational schools at the expense of general education and deductions from their production activities and other extrabudgetary contributions;
Free provision in accordance with established standards with a school uniform or a set of children's clothing replacing it for attending school classes, as well as sports uniforms for the entire period of children's education in a general education school at the expense of universal education or other non-budgetary funds;
One day a month for free admission to museums, parks of culture and recreation, as well as exhibitions;
Assistance to those who wish to organize peasant (farmer) households, small enterprises and other commercial structures, ensuring the allocation of land plots for these purposes, as well as the provision of benefits for the collection of land tax and rent in the form of full or partial exemption from tax for a certain period or reduction of tax rates; provision of gratuitous material assistance or interest-free loans to reimburse expenses for the development of a peasant (farm) economy; provision of full or partial exemption from payment of the registration fee from individuals engaged in entrepreneurial activities;
Providing preferential loans, subsidies, interest-free loans for the purchase of building materials and housing construction;
Allocation of plots of land to families with many children both for agricultural needs (garden, kitchen garden, dacha) and for individual housing construction.
This is a list of the main benefits provided for large families at the federal level, however, local authorities can also establish additional benefits for this category of citizens living in their territory.
At the federal level, it was determined that the benefit will be received by families in which a third or subsequent child was born, starting from January 1, 2013. But not all in a row, but only "needy". The right to determine which particular families, with what incomes will be recognized as "needy" in a particular region, was granted to local authorities. According to the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the region, in the first half of 2012 this figure amounted to 14,362.7 rubles. In other words, if the total monthly official income of the family, divided by the number of its members, is less than this amount, you can apply for the assignment of payments.
During the first half of 2014, the number of families raising three or more children increased by 2.4% compared to the first half of the previous year.
Record holders are Karelia, Chuvashia, Perm and Krasnodar regions, Magadan, Samara and Tula regions. They break all records, here the figure has changed by 10% upwards.
At the birth of a third child, parents in 66 regions are entitled to receive a monthly allowance. The amount of the child allowance is set based on the size of the regional subsistence minimum for children. Every year there are more regions in which parents receive additional material support from the state at the birth of their third and subsequent children. The total amount allocated by the state for payments to parents with many children has also increased - from 3 to 10.1 billion rubles.
Thus, large families in Russia have a pronounced regional character - there are only a few national Republics with a traditionally high level of large families, and in other regions of the Russian Federation, large families are rather an “atypical” phenomenon that rarely occurs and falls out of the general context of the development of the family institution in a given territory. Consequently, the social policy of the regions and federal social programs to support large families should take into account the current picture of large families and its regional differentiation.
In conclusion, I would like to note that today a prosperous, happy family with many children is one of the resources for changing the demographic situation in Russia. Therefore, it is necessary to further develop priority areas to support the birth rate in the country. In addition, the state should create conditions aimed at social support for large families, increasing their authority in society and improving the position of children in them.
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Determination of the status of a large family in accordance with the legislation of Russia. Classification of large families on the basis of their social activity. Economic, psychological and medical problems of these families, the system of social assistance for them.
The state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of social support of citizens is formed in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
According to Art. 7 of the Constitution “The Russian Federation is a social state whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure decent life and the free development of man (Article 7., Clause 1.). And also in the Russian Federation, labor and health of people are protected, a guaranteed minimum size wages provided governmental support families, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood, the disabled and the elderly, the system of social services is being developed, state pensions, allowances and other guarantees of social protection (Article 7.p.2.).
The Constitution of the Russian Federation also establishes that the coordination of issues related to the protection of the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood; social protection, including social security, is under the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation.
Thus, all the above guarantees are implemented through the system of social protection of the population.
The demographic problem is one of the most acute in Russia. And families with many children, parents with many children, being the only solution to this problem, need increased attention federal and regional authorities.
The policy of the state, which cares about the future of Russia, must have a long-term plan to bring the family out of the crisis. And this plan must have a clearly visible social character. Families with children should be provided decent conditions for life and work. It is for this purpose that a system of social guarantees has been created and is functioning. The system of social guarantees is understood as the provision of socially significant benefits and services to all citizens without taking into account their labor contribution and means testing. It implements the principle of distribution according to need, taking into account the resource capabilities of society, which determines the measure of these guarantees. The minimum set and level of these guarantees is flexible depending on the specific historical conditions of each country. This form of social protection of citizens is based on the principles of general taxation and budget financing of social spending. The system of social guarantees adjoins social benefits, which are social guarantees for certain categories of the population.
The family in modern Russian society is the most important social institution, therefore, the existing problems necessitate the need for assistance from society. Social protection is possible through organized social work, as the family reacts very quickly and sensitively to all positive and negative changes taking place in society, revealing the humane and inhumane meaning of the ongoing processes, evaluating the processes that destroy and create for the family.
The position of the family, the level of its well-being and stability are the most important social indicators that determine the viability of the nation, society and state. The features of the socio-economic transformations of the last decades have negatively affected the standard of living of the population, left their mark on the life processes of the family. Along with the decline in the birth rate, the increase in the number of divorces, the growth of child homelessness and neglect, there is a growing danger of social degradation of the family in general, which for many centuries has been one of the dominant forms of relations between the sexes, a powerful harmonizing regulator of society.
The social nature of the state is one of the basic prerequisites that determine the conditions of human life. The nature of the relationship between the government and the people determines the direction of state policy - the goals of economic and social policy, the content of the norms for protecting property rights. Social policy combines measures to create conditions for every capable citizen, allowing him to work, entrepreneurship to maintain his own well-being, and strengthening targeted social support from the state, especially vulnerable groups of the population.
Social assistance as a form of social protection of the population is understood as the provision of social benefits and services to socially vulnerable groups of the population on the basis of a means test. In the traditional sense, the object of social assistance is the low-income strata of the population, whose incomes are below the poverty line or the subsistence level. Every year, the subsistence minimum is indexed; in 2016, each region has its own value. You can find it in the administration of your district or in the department of social protection. Its average value in Russia this year is 8200 rubles.
Social services are the activities of social services for social support, the provision of social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, social and legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult situations.
In Russia, the status of a large family is very much underestimated. In the eyes of most Russians, the words "family with many children" are associated with drunkenness and begging. Society treats such families with disdain and even humiliation.
Therefore, it is no coincidence that statistics and modern experience show that the majority of Russians do not even think about creating a large family, preferring to limit themselves to one child. And they have objective reasons for this.
According to sociological surveys, in the age group of 18-25 years, the proportion of citizens who do not have children is today 78%, among 26-35-year-olds only 24% have children, about 10% of citizens over 36 also do not have children. Moreover, the majority of Russians prefer to limit themselves to one, in extreme cases - two heirs; only 1% have three or more children.
Social assistance provided to citizens raising 3 or more children is quite diverse. It can be divided into types for several reasons:
- 1) According to the level of the budget, at the expense of which support measures are taken, federal, regional and municipal assistance can be distinguished.
- 2) According to the form of provision, material and in-kind assistance are distinguished.
- 3) By purpose, assistance is divided into targeted and provided to all persons of a certain category. You can also highlight the assistance that all families with many children receive, and which is due under additional conditions (5 or more children, disability of one of the children, etc.).
- 4) Specific types of state support include: - allowances, various payments, benefits, subsidies; - provision of property (clothes, food, medicines, etc.); - provision of free services (legal consultations, treatment in public clinics, etc.).
In the Russian Federation, child allowances for families with many children begin to be issued from the moment the third child is born (in some regions, the fourth or fifth). Large parents, along with all families in which a child appears, can count on the following payments:
One-time allowance.
In 2016, this amount is approximately 15,500 rubles.
In some regions, the authorities establish additional allowances for the lump sum. Both the mother and the father of the child can receive money. Documents are easiest to submit at the place of work. In the absence of such an opportunity, you must contact the social security. In addition to the birth certificate, a certificate from the registry office and the passport of the mother or father, you must provide a certificate from the work of the second parent, which is confirmation that he did not receive a lump sum.
Child care allowance.
Paid monthly until the baby is 1.5 years old. It is received by the parent who takes leave to care for the child. If the parents are not officially employed, they need to contact the social security authorities, after collecting all Required documents. How much they will receive each month depends on whether there are older children in the family.
For families in which a second and subsequent child was born, the amount of the allowance up to 1.5 years in 2016 is 5,800 rubles.
Parents with three or more children are interested in the question of what benefits are due to large families in addition to those indicated above. By law, they are guaranteed additional social benefits that compensate for the costs of food, housing and housing and communal services:
Compensation payment associated with an increase in the cost of living in the country.
Every child under the age of sixteen or under the age of eighteen, provided that he is enrolled in the pupils of any educational institution, receives from the state 600 rubles. per month.
These child benefits are maintained until the family has at least three children under the specified age.
If there are more than four such children, the payment is 750 rubles.
Compensation payment that reimburses the cost of rent and utilities services.
For parents of three or four children - 522 rubles. For families raising at least five children - 1044 rubles.
Compensation payment that reimburses the cost of using the phone.
230 rub. per month have the right to receive all large families, while younger child will not be 16 (or 18) years old.
Compensation for rising food prices.
It is due to every child in a large family who has not yet reached the age of three. The amount of the payment is 675 rubles.
Additional material support is provided to families with 10 or more children:
Annual allowance for the Day of Knowledge. Issued to parents with at least 10 children and equals 15,000 rubles.
Annual allowance, outstanding on the International Day of the Family - 10,000 rubles.
Compensation for mothers who have given birth to at least 10 children at the time of retirement. It is set at the time of the appointment of a pension and equals 10,000 rubles.
In addition, parents of seven or more children receive a special award - the Order of Parental Glory. The award is accompanied financial assistance in the amount of 100,000 rubles.
Since 2013, in some regions of the Russian Federation, an additional allowance for a third child has been introduced. It is paid until the child reaches three years. For registration, you must contact the social security authorities no later than six months after the birth of the child. The new allowance was introduced in regions where demographic growth is below the average for Russia, as well as in regions where low-income families make up a fairly large percentage of the population.
Issued upon the birth of a child. Its size does not vary depending on the number of children in the family.
Families raising 3 or more children are entitled to receive support from the state, subject to a number of conditions:
- 1) The family is recognized as having many children according to the legislation of the subject of the federation (each region has its own criteria for recognizing large families).
- 2) Children can be both native and adopted.
- 3) Parents are not deprived of parental rights, are not limited in such rights, do not shy away from raising children.
- 4) Other conditions may be provided for by regional regulations.
Mothers raising 5 children or more are entitled to an early pension, but only if she took part in the upbringing of each of the children up to 8 years of age, her insurance experience is at least 15 years, and she herself is 50 years old. If a mother gave birth and actively raised 2, 3, 4 children up to 8 years old, then she also has the right to demand an early pension. The conditions are as follows: mother's age - from 50 years old, work experience - 12 years Far North or 17 years in another place with an identical status, insurance experience - from 20 years.
It should be noted that citizens with many children are subject to all the benefits and privileges that families with children have: child care allowance, maternity capital when a second baby appears, allowance for a third child (in those regions where it is paid), etc.
Social work with the family is a specially organized activity aimed at small groups of people in need of social protection and support from outside. This is one of the varieties of social protection of the population, the main content of which is assistance, assistance in restoring and maintaining the normal functioning of the family.
Social work with the family today is a multifunctional activity for social protection and support, social services for the family at the state level. This activity is carried out by specialists in social work with the family of various profiles. It is implemented in the conditions of a particular society (federal or territorial) and is determined by its specifics. Currently, there are four main forms of social protection for families with children in Russia:
- 1) Cash payments family for children in connection with the birth, maintenance and upbringing of children (allowances and pensions).
- 2) Labor, tax, housing, credit, medical and other benefits for families with children, parents and children.
- 3) Legal, medical, psychological, pedagogical and economic consulting, general education for parents, scientific and practical conferences and congresses.
- 4) Federal, regional targeted and social programs such as "Family Planning" and "Children of Russia" and others. In social work with a large family, the specialist relies on certain principles that contribute to the formation of the need to accept help and enhance the role of the family in solving their own problems: the principle of humanism, the principle of objectivity, the principle of consistency, the principle of tolerance, the principle of a positive image of the family, the principle of equal responsibility.
For families with many children, the state provides assistance. There are a lot of programs for which support is provided. They are implemented by both social protection authorities and employers.
They are supported in several ways - in the form of benefits, allowances and payments once a year. For example, in a number of regions, before September 1, families with many children are transferred funds for collecting children for school. A prerequisite is the upbringing of all children in the family, and not in special children's institutions.
Assistance to large families in a targeted manner is provided at the regional level within the framework of programs adopted in the subjects of the federation to support large and low-income families. Families that apply for it are entitled to targeted assistance if they are recognized as poor (that is, the level of income per person is below the subsistence level).
Specific types of targeted support are fixed by the regulations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, at the same time, the most typical among them can be named:
- 1) a one-time cash payment;
- 2) provision of a food package;
- 3) monthly payments;
- 4) reimbursement of expenses for paying for children's travel in public transport.
The amount of payments to citizens with many children may vary depending on the number of children.
To receive targeted assistance to the department of social protection, you need to submit a package of documents:
- 1) application;
- 2) passport;
- 3) a certificate from the place of residence;
- 4) documents on the income of all family members for the past 3 months;
- 5) information on the ownership of real estate;
- 6) birth certificates of children, marriage;
- 7) other documents, depending on the region.
The provision of targeted support is terminated upon departure for permanent residence in another subject of the federation, the discovery of the inaccuracy of the submitted documents, the excess of the amount of income over the subsistence level. In a number of regions and republics of our country, as well as in the capital, a social contract is concluded to provide targeted assistance.
The body of social protection in the field of protection of large families carries out activities aimed at improving the demographic situation, implementing family policy and taking measures to create an accessible living environment in the district. Implements activities in the field of interaction with public associations. Organizes work on the provision of social support measures.
Provides social protection and support to the population, including organizing social assistance to the poor, disabled and victims of emergency situations, implements comprehensive measures to improve the situation of the family, women and children, accrues benefits and compensation payments, implements established benefits in accordance with applicable law.
Coordinates the work of administration departments on the development and implementation of social programs.
Interacts with public and charitable organizations that provide social assistance to citizens.
It is very important that family legislation be revised in the Russian Federation. And not only at the federal level, but also at the level of subjects. For example, it is worrying that the lack federal law, which establishes the minimum level of social protection measures for families with children, including large, foster and single-parent families, guaranteed by the state, and placing the issue under the jurisdiction of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, creates a situation in which the right of a citizen to social protection is made dependent on his place of residence, which contradicts the constitutional principle of equal rights of citizens regardless of their place of residence, provided for by Article 19 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Also, one of the problems of large families is their status in society, the attitude of citizens towards this category of families.
All levels of social protection of large families, both federal, regional and local, act as a single system of subordinate bodies. Therefore, the study of the activities of this structure must be carried out from the point of view of a systematic approach, that is, to explore the social protection system as an integrity that is different from the external environment.
Despite the fact that large families are given Special attention in the legislation and the Russian Federation, nevertheless, their problems do not become less. Many of these families are low-income and one-time charity events do not seriously change their financial situation. And this suggests that all of them require immediate and full, not partial, resolution.
