Tonsil inflammation or purulent tonsillitis is a dangerous disease for any person. Incorrect treatment or lack thereof threatens the patient with severe incurable complications. What can we say about a pregnant woman - for her, even a banal runny nose can end only after childbirth.

Sore throat during pregnancy - a fixable thing? How serious is this ailment for the baby and mother? What are the consequences of a sore throat during pregnancy?

What is the danger of bacterial infections during pregnancy

The main reason for the development of angina is streptococci. Normally, in a small amount, this microorganism lives on the mucous membranes of each person. And only with a decrease in immunity can it transition from a conditionally pathogenic to a pathogenic state, that is, in other words, it becomes dangerous and causes diseases. Pregnancy is the very condition when the immune system works half-heartedly.

Not every expectant mother has tonsillitis and hi to complications, both in a woman and in a future baby. What does it depend on?

1. From the amount, type of pathogen and its pathogenicity (that is, how dangerous it is to health).
2. If the mother’s immunity works well, the infection will not reach the fetus.
3. From the severity of the disease. The criteria for a severe infection are a sharp increase in temperature, white plaque and severe intoxication (weakness, headaches, aching joints).
4. Type of infection: acute or chronic. The most dangerous acute, especially if the woman’s body first met with this type of pathogen. Chronic in themselves are much easier.
5. The consequences for the child will be more severe if the mother gets purulent tonsillitis in the first trimester.

The consequences of a sore throat for mom

Now few people complain about the severe course of the disease and especially the appearance of numerous complications. But some 20-30 years ago, tonsillitis was extremely difficult and always left its negative traces in almost every system.

How can acute tonsillitis affect the body? What is the danger of a sore throat during pregnancy for a woman?

1. One of the most serious complications of the disease is myocarditis or inflammation of the heart muscle.
2. Joint damage with deformation is familiar to grandchildren, almost every grandmother had such changes.
3. Inflammation of the kidney tissue with all its consequences.
4. A complication of acute sore throat is an abscess or suppuration of surrounding tissues.

How will tonsillitis affect the baby in the first weeks of pregnancy

Infection is most dangerous to the fetus in the early stages. The first months are the most stressful, as the formation and laying of the main organ systems takes place. From the third to 12 weeks of pregnancy, the embryo does not yet have protective forces, so it is most vulnerable.

Mom’s usual sore throat, like follicular sore throat in this period, leads to:

• to spontaneous miscarriages;
• impaired development of organs, which is a prerequisite for the occurrence of numerous defects, bacteria often affect the connective tissue (diseases of the joints, heart and kidneys develop), but what specific changes will occur in a child will only be visible a few weeks after a sore throat;
• the chorion or one of the membranes surrounding the baby is affected, which leads to his death or an undeveloped pregnancy.

The prognosis is more favorable if treatment is started in the early days of the disease.

What threatens the child in the later stages

The second trimester is more successful from the point of view of the doctor. The choice of drugs for the treatment of tonsillitis in this period is slightly expanded, since they affect the child to a lesser extent. But in advanced cases, the baby can be born with the underdevelopment of some organs.

From 16 weeks, the infection does not become less dangerous, it is unpredictable. The fetus specifically responds to angina:

• children are born with a violation of the structure of the central nervous system: micro- and hydrocephalus;
• one of the most common kidney problems is polycystic (numerous benign kidney formations);
• diseases of the valvular apparatus of the heart, its inner shell.

In the third period of gestation, you should try to avoid contact with sick people as much as possible. Meeting with the infection threatens the baby with premature birth and diseases of the internal organs. Perinatal infection causes:

• diseases of the lungs and bronchi - pneumonia, bronchitis;
• inflammation of the brain;
• after childbirth, I sometimes diagnose a leukocyte reaction (a change in blood tests, indicating the presence of infection in the body).

How will acute tonsillitis affect mom and her unborn baby? No mild infections during pregnancy. Each is a threat to both. Runny nose, recurring headaches and weakness all require the attention of doctors. And tonsillitis during pregnancy resembles a time bomb, so it is treated only under the supervision of specialists.

Olga Sholenkina, therapist, specially for the site

Useful video

Angina during pregnancy is one of those dangerous diseases, complications after which can affect the developing fetus.

It is no secret that during pregnancy, a woman's immunity is significantly reduced and the female body is susceptible to a variety of ailments, including inflammatory processes.

As soon as the expectant mother begins to feel discomfort in the throat: perspiration and soreness, headaches, weakness, inflammation and swelling of the tonsils, intense fever, joint and muscle pains, this is an occasion to immediately consult a doctor.

Nature of the problem

Angina (tonsillitis) is an infectious lesion of the tonsil mucosa caused by staphylococcus or streptococcus viruses.

They can be infected by airborne droplets or by domestic means, through dirty foods, dishes or hands.

The following types of tonsillitis are:

1. Bacterial tonsillitis caused by adenovirus is the most common and easily treatable form of throat damage. It is accompanied by fever, redness of the tonsils and pain when swallowing. With timely treatment, recovery occurs in a few days and does not affect the development of the child.
2. With catarrhal pain in the joints and muscles, headaches, lack of appetite, fatigue, sore throat when swallowing and talking.
3.   causes ulcers on the tonsils. It has 3 subspecies: follicular - with pustules on the glands; lacunar, when the yellow film envelops the tonsils; necrotic - a complicated form of purulent tonsillitis, accompanied by necrosis of the mucous membrane of the tonsil epithelium, is treated by removal of the affected tonsils. Purulent tonsillitis during pregnancy is the greatest danger, as it can cause the development of bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis media and have a negative effect on both the mother and the fetus.

Tonsillitis during pregnancy is somewhat different than in an ordinary person. This is due to hormonal changes that occur in the body in pregnant women.

During this period, the entire immune system of a woman is aimed at preserving the fetus and reacts in a special way to the entry of a harmful virus into the body.

For example, temperatures can rise up to 40 ° C. The response to medications can also be different.

Symptoms of the disease

Infectious lesions of the tonsils in the initial stages are very similar to colds or other ailments. For this, it is necessary to clearly classify the symptoms of the disease:

• temperature rises to 39-40 ºC;
• excessive sweating;
• headaches and pain in the joints;
• the lymph nodes are enlarged, painful swallowing is noted;
• lack of appetite, powerlessness;
• reddening of the throat and whitish abscesses on the glands (with purulent tonsillitis).

The sooner you start treatment for tonsillitis during pregnancy, the more favorable the outcome of the disease. The lack of proper therapy threatens to complicate the heart or kidney system, and damage the joints.

Angina during pregnancy can have undesirable consequences for the mother and baby.

The greatest in the early stages of pregnancy, since the 1st trimester is an important period for the fetus, during which many organs of the baby develop.

Possible consequences of sore throat during pregnancy

In the medical literature there are detailed descriptions of what is dangerous tonsillitis during pregnancy:

• a woman develops severe toxicosis, accompanied by frequent, up to 5-7 times a day, attacks of vomiting and dehydration of the body;
• purulent tonsillitis during pregnancy in the first trimester can cause fetal development disorders;
• physiological pathologies of fetal development;
• fetal development arrest (fading);
• sudden miscarriage and open bleeding.

Tonsillitis and pregnancy in the later stages can cause the development of the following pathologies in the expectant mother:

• inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis);
• brain damage;
• damage to the whole body by toxins;
• kidney pathology;
• violation of cardiac activity;
• difficult birth due to weakness.

If you know how to treat tonsillitis during pregnancy, all these problems can be avoided, but it is important not to miss the time.

It is important to clearly know how to treat sore throat during pregnancy. First of all, compliance with strict bed rest and plenty of drinking.

The food should be soft so as not to injure the already inflamed mucous membrane of the tonsils.

Due to the fact that most drugs prescribed for sore throats are contraindicated during the period of gestation, the treatment of sore throat in pregnant women is somewhat different from traditional therapy.

Treatment of tonsillitis in the first trimester

In the first 3 months, the embryo forms the heart, blood vessels, digestive organs, and nervous system.

During this period, if angina was detected during pregnancy, treatment is complicated by the fact that many drugs can not be taken because of the risk of harming the developing fetus.

Antibiotics are prescribed a certain type, harmless to the baby, but after passing an analysis to determine the type of virus and its sensitivity to antibacterial drugs.

It is important to remember that antibiotic use should not be interrupted when an improvement occurs due to the fear of harming the child.

The course must be completed in order to kill all the germs. Otherwise, harmful microorganisms develop resistance to the drug.

Treatment can be carried out at home. It should consist of the following aspects:

• strict bed rest;
• foods containing proteins and vitamin C should predominate in the diet;
• drinking plenty of water (at least 100 g of warm water per hour) - tea with honey and lemon, juices, dried fruit compote, non-carbonated mineral warm water. Very useful during this period is chicken stock, which saturates the stomach and at the same time replenishes the loss of fluid;
• remove heat without the use of drugs - wipe with warm water, apply cold compresses to the forehead, wash your face with cool water, only Panadol and Paracetamol can be used to reduce antipyretics;
• 4-5 times a day, gargle with a decoction of chamomile or sage, soda-saline solution;
• inhalation with a decoction of chamomile and sage, mint, pine buds, potatoes, but take with caution for no more than 3-4 minutes.

Treatment of angina in 2 trimester

Angina during pregnancy in the second trimester is treated in the same ways as indicated above. 2 trimester of fetal development makes it possible to use drugs with local effects directly on the affected areas.

Such means include Furacilin, Antiangin.

Furacilin is the safest and most effective drug with antibacterial, antiseptic and regenerative effects.

Rinsing with a solution of furatsilin for 5-6 days completely kills pathogenic microorganisms (in 1 cup of hot water add 2 powdered tablets of furatsilin until completely dissolved, rinse for 4 minutes every 3-4 hours).

However, this tool in rare cases has side effects - allergies, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, bleeding.

Antiangin resorption tablets have a good antimicrobial and analgesic effect.

The antiseptic Chlorhexidine contained in the preparation destroys the viruses of pneumococci, staphylococci and streptococci. The effect is felt a few minutes after administration.

3-trimester tonsillitis therapy

Treatment of tonsillitis in pregnant women in the third trimester is much easier to treat, since almost all the organs in the fetus are already formed.

But the 3rd trimester of pregnancy when infected with viruses is dangerous because the ailment can lead to the development of a weakening of labor.

Inflammatory processes of the mucous glands in the last stages are treated as follows:

• antibiotics are prescribed (Penicillin, Erythromycin, Sumamed, Gentamicin);
• local antiseptics - Anti-angina;
• gargling and inhalation with pharmacy herbs, with the addition of fir, eucalyptus oil, soda-saline solution, Furacilin, Miramistin;
• diet therapy - products with a high content of various vitamins, excluding annoying dishes - salty, spicy, sour.
• to flush toxins from the body - a plentiful drink.

ethnoscience

If a woman has a pregnancy and tonsillitis has arisen suddenly, there are effective and safe for future mothers recipes of alternative medicine aimed at relieving pain, inflammation and destroying pathogenic microbes.

In any case, all folk remedies are used after consultation with your doctor.

Some methods of alternative treatment for pregnant women with angina:

1. Grate a few lemons in the peel with sugar. The mixture is taken in 1 tsp. 5 times a day. It is a good anti-inflammatory and antiseptic, strengthens the body, saturates it with vitamin C.
2. In 1 cup apple juice add a chopped head of garlic, boil for 5 minutes. Drink warm up to 3 glasses a day.
3. In a grated pulp of 1 apple and 1 onion, add 2 tbsp. l honey. Take 0.5 tsp. 3 times a day.
4. Decoctions for inhalation - from unpeeled potatoes (with the addition of a few drops of turpentine), a soda-salt mixture with the addition of 2 drops of iodine.
5. Gargling with a decoction of chamomile and sage, propolis solution (1 tbsp. L. Propolis in 1 cup warm water, rinse every hour), marshmallow infusion (2 tbsp. Pour 500 ml of boiling water and leave for 2 hours), beer mixture ( 1 liter of hot beer mixed with 1 cup of yarrow juice, gargle and drink 1 cup 3 times a day), 1 cup of beet juice with the addition of 1 tbsp. l vinegar (rinse 5 times a day), etc.
6. Throat treatment - with an alcohol-salt solution (mix 100 g of vodka with 2 tbsp. Of coarse salt, lubricate the tonsils 6 times every half hour), with a mixture of 1.5 g of novocaine, 100 ml of alcohol, 2.5 g of menthol, 1.5 g anestizine grease the neck 3 times a day and wrap it with a warm scarf.

Prevention of sore throat in pregnant women

In order to avoid infection with tonsillitis, pregnant women must perform the following procedures and adhere to some rules:

• regularly ventilate and moisten the room;
• to eat and drink to use individual dishes;
• do not communicate with sick people;
• strengthening immunity by taking special vitamin-mineral complexes for pregnant women, drink more fresh fruit juices;
• when visiting crowded places, lubricate the nose with oxolinic ointment and wear a gauze mask;
• adherence to oral hygiene;
• timely treatment of diseases of the teeth and oral cavity (stomatitis, caries, gingivitis, etc.);
• the use of antibacterial personal care detergents;
• if there is a family member with a sore throat in the house, regularly smoke the air in the room with aromatic oils of tea tree or fir, eucalyptus, orange;
• when using heaters, place water containers in the room.

In the case of the first signs of sore throat during pregnancy, it is better to consult a doctor without delay.

In no case should you self-medicate, much less let the disease go by its own accord to avoid unpleasant consequences and loss of a child.

Angina during pregnancy is not a rare phenomenon. How to treat it and is it necessary to consult a doctor? Can this disease adversely affect the health of the fetus? Let's talk about these topics.

But let's start with the symptoms and pathways of infection. Angina during pregnancy, as well as outside it, is manifested by severe sore throat, burning, fever. Upon examination, the doctor sees enlarged tonsils and ulcers on them. Lymph nodes (near the ear and under the lower jaw) can also become inflamed.

The infection is transmitted from person to person. That is, you should not think that a cold during pregnancy and even more so is such a serious illness as a sore throat, this is a consequence of hypothermia. Yes, it can contribute to the rapid development of the disease, but this also requires a direct microbe. And he in this case is streptococcus and (or) staphylococcus.

Is angina dangerous during pregnancy for a woman and a child? Yes, no doubt, if you do not conduct the correct and timely treatment. And it consists in taking antibiotics. By any other means, the previously mentioned pathogens cannot be removed in a short time. If they remain in the body, there is a greater likelihood of damage to their heart, kidneys and joints.

For a child, angina in the early stages of pregnancy is most dangerous, since it still does not protect against placenta infections. But even if the mother suffers this disease, it is not at all a fact that it will affect the child in any way. However, severe sore throat in the first trimester of pregnancy is an indication for a thorough examination at 12-13 weeks, when an ultrasound examination is necessarily performed.

It is very important not to confuse this disease, which has a bacterial nature, with a viral one. If the tonsils are affected by any virus, such as herpes, then antibiotics are unlikely to help. While purulent tonsillitis during pregnancy is treated by them. As for the various folk “lotions”, they are ineffective. Warming up can lead to even faster growth of bacteria. And rinsing can only slightly reduce pain - this is not a treatment for sore throat during pregnancy. Although various antimicrobial candies, rinsing with soda, chamomile, sage and other known means are not prohibited.

As we wrote earlier, antibiotics are indispensable. Most often prescribed to expectant mothers "Amoxiclav", which includes amoxicillin. It is most secure at any gestational age. Assign it to take usually within one week. It is impossible to reduce the course prescribed by the doctor, since the pathogen may not be completely destroyed in this case. The question of how to treat sore throat during pregnancy correctly is a very important one. An experienced otolaryngologist should do this.

When taking antibiotics, usually within 1-2 days there is a noticeable improvement. During this time, symptomatic relief is provided to the body. So, tonsillitis with a temperature during pregnancy is treated with antipyretic drugs. Expectant mothers are allowed "Paracetamol" and "Ibuprofen." At temperatures below 38.5 degrees, it is better to dispense with a plentiful warm drink.

In order for the sore throat during pregnancy to have no consequences, it needs to be quickly cured. But sometimes antibiotics do not help on the second or fourth day of admission. There can be two reasons for this. Either the microbe is "indifferent" to this drug, then you need to find a more effective one, and this can be done by passing a special smear (culture), or the virus is the cause of the disease. And antibiotic viruses are not afraid.

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Pregnancy does not always deliver a woman only positive emotions. Alas, no one is safe from infectious diseases for a long 9 months. Since the immunity of a future mother is reduced, bacteria and viruses easily penetrate the body and cause a lot of inconvenience. Angina during pregnancy is a frequent and very dangerous phenomenon. In order not to harm either yourself or the unborn baby, you need to know how to deal with this ailment.

Angina is an infectious disease in which tonsils become inflamed, a person constantly feels severe sore throat. If you have a sore throat and pain, it does not mean that you have a sore throat. This disease has a number of features and therefore, in order for the diagnosis to be confirmed, it is necessary to get specialist advice and know how to properly treat this disease.

What can be a sore throat. Kinds

Since angina is an infectious disease, treatment should be started as early as possible. You can cope with the disease with the help of a number of drugs that pregnant women are allowed to take. Of course, there is a certain risk, but if you think about the danger that a sore throat poses to a pregnant woman, you first need to destroy the infection.

By the way, tonsillitis in a pregnant woman is no different from the disease of ordinary people. Only here the immunity in this position is reduced, so the healing process can be delayed.

Since the disease manifests itself in the same way, the treatment of angina may be different. In order to prevent complications, you need to know what forms of angina exist.

Types of diseases:

1. The easiest form is catarrhal sore throat. The disease is relatively easy. Tonsils are inflamed, swollen, but not critical. There is a sore throat, perspiration, the temperature may rise to +37 ° C. What can a woman do during pregnancy: gargle with warm solutions. You can make a soda solution, grind and dissolve a tablet of furacilin in warm water, prepare herbal infusions.
2. Follicular tonsillitis is difficult, tonsils become inflamed, enlarge, purulent plugs appear, body temperature rises.
3. Lacunar angina is an acute form of the disease in which the inflammatory process spreads rapidly throughout the body. Profuse salivation, high body temperature, severe sore throat, redness of the tonsils, the appearance of white or yellow plaque, vomiting may occur.
4. Herpetic sore throat is the most dangerous form of the disease. Abundant rashes appear on the back of the larynx, which quickly spread throughout the oral cavity. On the throat, palate and tonsils, you can see a small herpetic rash. There is a high temperature, there may be nausea and vomiting, pain in the whole body.

The immunity of a woman in a position is reduced, then angina can occur unpredictably. A sharp increase in body temperature (up to +40 о С) is not excluded.

Regardless of the form of the disease, a woman needs to see a doctor as soon as possible in order to begin treatment faster.

The danger of the disease for the expectant mother

The worst form of a sore throat for a pregnant woman is follicular, especially in the first weeks of pregnancy. Bacteria quickly enter the bloodstream.

As a result of intoxication, the following complications may develop:

• severe toxicosis;
• risk of miscarriage;
• intrauterine abnormalities in the development of the fetus;
• fetal freezing.

By the way, the consequences of angina are dangerous not only in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, but also at a later date.

The immunity of a woman is not enough to resist sore throat, such complications may arise:

• myocardium and heart failure;
• laryngeal abscess;
• septic intoxication;
• inflammation of the lymph nodes;
• inflammatory kidney disease;
• weak labor activity.

Angina during pregnancy. Treatment

An integrated approach is important in treatment, this is the use of local drugs that relieve sore throats (absorbable lozenges, tablets, sprays), as well as taking antibiotics, as well as antipyretic drugs. Currently, special means have been developed for pregnant women that do not harm the fetus. Therefore, it is possible and necessary to fight sore throat during pregnancy. By the way, treating a sore throat in early pregnancy with folk methods is undesirable, it is especially dangerous to soar the legs, since hot foot baths will not alleviate the condition with sore throat and can provoke a uterine tone.

What will help from sore throat during pregnancy:

• gargling - the more often, the better. Antiseptic solutions (soda, saline, furatsilin), rinsing with decoctions of herbs: chamomile and sage have a good effect. These drugs can be used during pregnancy;
• inhalation with herbal decoctions, a universal chamomile or sage, as well as mint, pine buds, are suitable. You can add a few drops of eucalyptus or rosehip essential oil to the inhalation solution. With inhalation you need to be very careful during pregnancy;
• taking antibiotics. It is sad, but during pregnancy it is very difficult to cure a sore throat without antibiotics. Therefore, the doctor prescribes a medicine in each case, depending on the type of tonsillitis. The list of drugs approved for pregnant women: "Penicillin", "Erythromycin", "Sumamed", "Gentamicin" and other antibiotics;
• nutrition and drinking regimen. In order for the body to recover faster and defeat the disease, it is necessary to eat balanced. Eat more vitamins, refuse junk food - a taboo for salty, spicy and sour. If you do not suffer from edema, then during the illness you need to drink more liquid in order to quickly wash the decay products and restore the water balance in the body. What to drink: warm herbal chamomile tea, mint tea, milk with a spoon of honey. It is forbidden to eat lemon during sore throat and make drinks with lemon juice, drink sour fruit drinks.

Regardless of the gestational age, the fight against angina should begin as early as possible. If the body temperature has increased and the thermometer column has stopped at around 38 ° C, then the temperature needs to be knocked down, as this can be dangerous for the child. A pregnant woman is only allowed to take Panadol and Paracetamol. It is forbidden to drink "Aspirin" (acetylsalicylic acid), since this drug can provoke placental abruption and bleeding.

What else can you treat sore throat during pregnancy? It can be sprays: “Givaleks” and “Stopangin”, as well as absorbable tablets: “Strepsils”, “Decatilene”, treatment with homeopathic medicines. It helps with tonsillitis Tonsillotren.

If you don’t know what to do and just called a doctor to your home, observe the following:

1. During pregnancy, you can not take pills on your own, wait for a doctor.
2. To help the body in the fight against the disease, you need not to overwork and observe bed rest.
3. Do not give up food completely, for a child this is bad. So try to eat little, but often. Food should be protein, eat a lot of fruits and vegetables. Do not forget to take vitamins.
4. Drinking regimen must be observed. You need to drink only warm liquid, hot tea and coffee should not be drunk. Since body temperature can increase with angina, you need to drink a lot and often, the ideal option is to drink a glass of warm drink every hour (tea, herbal tea, juice, juice, water). It’s good to have a cup of chicken stock for lunch.
5. You can try to lower the temperature without the help of medications. They will help to wipe with warm water, it is undesirable to take cool baths during the period of bearing the baby, so as not to provoke vasospasms. It is impossible to wipe with alcohol tinctures and vinegar. You should know that in the early stages of pregnancy, high fever can trigger birth defects in babies.
6. Remember that taking Aspirin is strictly prohibited, this can lead to serious consequences.

Gargling with sore throat

Is gargling useful for sore throats? Doctors say yes, this way you can help the body get rid of the focus of infection and speed up the path to recovery. Gargle several times a day, at least 4 to 6 times in the first days of the disease. The temperature of the solution should not be lower than 36 and not higher than 40 ° C.

Rinse solution:

• take dry ingredients: linden flowers, daisies and eucalyptus leaves. Pour boiling water. Leave on for 20-25 minutes, then strain and can be used;
• take 1 tbsp. flax seeds, pour boiling water (250 ml), insist for half an hour, strain;
• propolis can be used. Lubricate the tonsils with a gauze swab dipped in propolis tincture;
• rinse with salt: take 1 tsp. sea \u200b\u200bsalt and a glass of water.

You can cure purulent tonsillitis during pregnancy with a solution of hydrogen peroxide. Preparing the solution is simple: you need to mix 2 tablespoons in a glass of water. peroxide (3%). Gargle often. There is another effective tool in the fight against angina - this is a salt-soda solution. It is necessary to dissolve 1 tsp in water. salt and soda. Gargle every hour in the first days of the disease. Such a solution will help reduce the number of bacteria and remove mucus, and also protect the mucous membrane from bacteria. Alkaline environment will not allow pests to remain in the oral cavity. You can add a couple drops of iodine to the rinse solution only if you are not allergic to this drug.

Furacilin - these pills for a pregnant woman are completely harmless. Furacilin is equivalent in action to antibiotics.

Solution preparation:

• you will need 5 tablets, they need to be crushed into powder;
• prepare 1 liter of water, temperature + 36-38 о С. It is necessary to boil and cool the water first;
• mix furatsilin powder, pour 250 ml and gargle;
• you can add hydrogen peroxide (1 tsp) to the solution.

Prevention of sore throat during pregnancy

In order not to “pick up” a sore throat, a future mother needs to protect herself from contact with patients. If you are not sure that among your surroundings (for example, at work, in transport) there are sick people, it is necessary to wear a protective mask. Do not hesitate to wear a mask in transport and public places, this recommendation is especially relevant during the period of mass epidemics.

When leaving the house, treat the mucous membrane of the nasal passages with Viferon gel or Oxolinic ointment, these drugs are allowed to be used by pregnant women.

Timely prevention of infection in the oral cavity is a chance for a healthy pregnancy. Before becoming pregnant, you need to treat diseases such as pharyngitis, chronic tonsillitis and get rid of tooth decay.

Remember that during pregnancy it is possible and necessary to strengthen immunity. Eat more seasonal fruits and vegetables, do not ignore daily walks in the fresh air, do exercises for pregnant women, give up bad habits and take special vitamin complexes.

Angina is an acute infectious disease in which inflammation of the elements of the pharyngeal ring and tonsils occurs. Another name for this pathology is acute tonsillitis. The occurrence of tonsillitis in the first trimester of pregnancy threatens with serious complications and increases the risk of an adverse outcome for both a woman and her baby.

Causes

Angina is an infectious disease. In 90% of cases, the causative agent of acute tonsillitis becomes b-hemolytic group A streptococcus (GABA). Staphylococcus aureus, pneumococcus or other microorganisms are much less common during the examination. Often the culprit of angina becomes a mixed pathogenic flora (mixed infection).

Angina can also be of viral origin. The causative agents of the disease are Koksaki viruses, herpes, adenoviruses. In rare cases, yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida are found in combination with other pathogenic microorganisms.

Risk factors for the development of angina:

• hypothermia;
• tonsil injury;
• violation of nasal breathing;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases, leading to a decrease in general and local immunity;
• chronic inflammatory processes in the oral cavity (chronic tonsillitis, dental caries);
• living in an environmentally disadvantaged area (polluted air);
• excessive air dryness.

Pregnancy in itself is a serious provoking factor for the development of acute tonsillitis. It is known that in anticipation of a baby the woman’s immune system ceases to cope with her load. A physiological weakening of the body's defenses occurs. Against this background, any infectious processes easily arise, including tonsillitis. After the birth of the baby, immunity in most cases is restored within the next 6 months.

Mechanisms of the development of angina

The penetration of pathogenic microorganisms occurs through the upper respiratory tract. The primary focus of inflammation is formed in the lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx. Often, tonsillitis occurs shortly after an acute respiratory viral infection as a result of a natural decrease in immunity. Most pathogens of known SARS reduce the protective properties of the oral mucosa and facilitate the penetration of other microorganisms into this zone.

BGSA is the microorganism that is most often found in tonsillitis. These bacteria have the unique property of being fixed on the surface of the tonsils and other elements of the lymphoid tissue of the oral cavity. Streptococci secrete a special toxin that increases the susceptibility of a person to this microorganism, which provokes the development of all symptoms of angina and its complications.

The action of b-hemolytic streptococcus is not limited to the oral cavity. Toxins entering the bloodstream disrupt the functioning of all internal organs. The maximum effect falls on the cardiovascular and nervous systems, as well as the organs of the urinary tract. Autoimmune processes are triggered, leading to the synthesis of aggressive antibodies that work against your own body. This is how all the serious complications of streptococcal tonsillitis develop: rheumatism, glomerulonephritis, myocarditis and others.

BGSA is the causative agent of not only tonsillitis, but also scarlet fever. Scarlet fever is often sick in childhood. Pregnant women, as a rule, already have immunity against this disease. At a second meeting with streptococcus, they develop a specific sore throat. Scarlet fever is extremely rare during pregnancy.

Angina develops not only with exogenous (external), but also with endogenous (internal) infection. This is possible in women suffering from chronic tonsillitis. Against the background of a decrease in the body's defenses, there is an activation of one's own infection and the appearance of all symptoms of angina. Quite often, chronic tonsillitis worsens in the first trimester of pregnancy, including in the very early stages shortly after the conception of a child.

Symptoms

The incubation period for angina lasts from 12 to 72 hours and is determined by the type of pathogen. The onset of the disease is always acute. Body temperature rises, severe sore throat occurs (especially when swallowing). The cervical lymph nodes are enlarged. The severity of the manifestations of angina will depend on the form of the disease and the general reactivity of the body.

There are several varieties of angina:

Catarrhal

The main symptoms are:

• mild fever;
• general weakness, chills, malaise;
• sore and dry throat;

With catarrhal tonsillitis, the tonsils are enlarged. There is diffuse hyperemia (redness), swelling. Purulent plaque appears on the surface of the tonsils. Hyperemia can be limited only to the tissue of the tonsils or spread to the soft and hard palate, as well as the posterior pharyngeal wall. The course is favorable, all symptoms disappear within 1-3 days with appropriate treatment. In case of inadequate therapy, a transition of catarrhal sore throat into another form is possible.

Follicular

Symptoms

• fever up to 39 ° C and above;
• pronounced signs of general intoxication: weakness, chills, headaches and muscle pains;
• severe pain when swallowing;
• difficulty swallowing food;
• an increase and sharp pain in the cervical lymph nodes.

The condition of a pregnant woman with follicular tonsillitis is significantly impaired. On examination, enlarged and swollen palatine tonsils, soft palate and palatine arches are visible. Purulent follicles - small yellowish vesicles form on the tonsils. Follicles open, but purulent plaque does not extend beyond the tonsils. Recovery occurs after 5-7 days with timely treatment.

Lacunar

Symptoms of lacunar tonsillitis are similar to the manifestations of the follicular form of the disease. The woman's condition is serious, her body temperature often rises to 40 ° C. A yellowish purulent plaque and a thin film appear on the surface of the tonsils. Plaque does not extend beyond the tonsils and is easily removed with a spatula. The duration of the disease is up to 7 days.

Fibrinous

Fibrinous tonsillitis develops as a complication of other forms of the disease. The general condition of the woman is disturbed, severe sore throat persists. Purulent plaque goes beyond the tonsils, spreading to a soft and hard palate. Serious complications may develop in the early days of the disease, including damage to the meninges.

Phlegmonous

Phlegmonous tonsillitis is an intratonsillar abscess and occurs as a complication of other forms of acute tonsillitis. It is extremely rare during pregnancy.

Symptoms

• severe sore throat when swallowing, talking;
• forced position of the head;
• trismus of the masticatory muscles (inability to open the mouth);
• high body temperature;
• soreness of regional lymph nodes.

With phlegmonous tonsillitis, the lesion is usually one-sided. There is a melting of the tonsil tissue, swelling, displacement of the tongue to the healthy side. Predisposing factors for the development of phlegmonous tonsillitis include smoking. Surgical treatment: opening an abscess and washing the cavity with antibacterial drugs.

Gerpangina

Herpetic sore throat occurs with a defeat of enteroviruses. The main symptoms of acute tonsillitis are signs of a digestive tract damage (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain). Characteristic increase in body temperature to 39-40 ° C, pronounced signs of general intoxication of the body. The course is favorable. With adequate therapy, recovery occurs 3-5 days after the onset of the disease.

Pregnancy complications and consequences for the fetus

Many infectious diseases occur during pregnancy in the very early stages. Shortly after the conception of a child, a change in the hormonal background and a natural decrease in the body's defenses occur. Suppression of immunity is necessary in order to allow a woman to bear and give birth to a child. Otherwise, the body of the expectant mother will perceive the embryo as a foreign agent, which will inevitably lead to a miscarriage.

Quite often, angina occurs at a period of 2-4 weeks, even before the delay of the alleged menstruation. During this period, many women do not yet know about the onset of pregnancy and do not associate the ailment with the conception of a child. Often, the expectant mother begins taking antibiotics and other potent drugs that can affect the development of the embryo. Such therapy for up to 4 weeks can lead to spontaneous miscarriage or the formation of congenital malformations of the fetus.

Angina, arising at a period of 4-12 weeks, is also not too favorable for a woman and her baby. During this period, the expectant mother already usually knows about her changed situation, and will not take drugs that are prohibited in the early stages of pregnancy. That's just even adequate therapy does not guarantee a favorable pregnancy outcome. Bacteria and viruses that have penetrated the embryo can disrupt its normal development and lead to the formation of defects of internal organs incompatible with life. The shorter the gestation period, the higher the likelihood of an adverse outcome for the fetus.

High body temperature and general intoxication of the body is another unfavorable factor that interferes with the normal course of pregnancy. It is known that a temperature increase above 37.5 ° C significantly increases the risk of spontaneous miscarriage for up to 12 weeks. Termination of pregnancy can occur at the height of a sore throat or several weeks after recovery.

Despite all the possible risks, sore throat in the early stages is not a reason for artificial abortion. It is impossible to predict in advance how the disease will affect the condition of the woman and the fetus. In many cases, tonsillitis passes without any significant consequences for the baby. Pregnancy in this case proceeds safely and ends with the birth of a healthy baby in due time.

How to reduce the risk of adverse effects on the fetus?

1. Before taking any drugs, make sure that there is no pregnancy - donate blood for HCG or do a home test. Actual for women planning a conception of a child.
2. When confirming pregnancy, do not take any medications without consulting a doctor. Many drugs are prohibited in the first trimester as potentially dangerous for the development of the fetus.
3. Use caution with traditional medicine techniques. Some herbal preparations can cause miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy.
4. Use all available non-pharmacological means of alleviating the condition with angina (heavy drinking, bed rest, etc.).
5. If the condition worsens and there are signs of a threat of abortion (bleeding, pain in the lower abdomen), be sure to consult a doctor.

Treatment methods

Treatment of tonsillitis in the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with certain difficulties. At this time, many drugs are prohibited for use. Some drugs can provoke a miscarriage, others lead to the formation of abnormalities in the development of internal organs of the fetus. Acceptance of any drugs in the early stages of pregnancy is possible only by agreement with the doctor.

Sore throat therapy is usually done at home. Hospitalization in a hospital is indicated only for severe forms of acute tonsillitis, as well as for the development of complications (including obstetric). To eliminate the inflammatory process in the nasopharynx, antibacterial drugs are prescribed. In the first trimester, it is possible to use penicillins and cephalosporins as the safest for the embryo. The choice of a specific drug, dosage and duration of administration are determined by the doctor based on the form of angina and the severity of the condition of the future mother. The course of treatment lasts from 5 to 10 days.

With severe fever with chills, antipyretic drugs (ibuprofen or paracetamol) are prescribed. Aspirin is prohibited during pregnancy! Take antipyretics should be strictly according to the instructions and in no case exceed the indicated dosage. Paracetamol and ibuprofen have one unpleasant property - they can provoke a miscarriage in the first trimester of pregnancy. That is why such drugs are prescribed only at body temperatures above 38.5 ° C. With moderate fever, you can do without the use of antipyretic drugs.

For local therapy, antiseptic sprays or lozenges are used. The range of drugs for sore throat in the first trimester of pregnancy is very limited. Allowed to use Lizobact, Laripront, Miramistin and some other means. Before using any drug, it will not be superfluous to consult a doctor and read the instructions for the medicine.

In the first trimester of pregnancy, great importance is given to non-drug therapy. With angina, the following recommendations will help ease the condition:

1. Drink more fluids: fruit drinks, compotes, tea. Drinks should be warm, but not hot. Hot drink irritates the oral mucosa and worsens the condition with angina.
2. Eat only easily digestible food (preferably in the form of cereals and mashed potatoes, so as not to injure the mucous membrane). Refuse spicy, salty, spicy food until complete recovery.
3. At high body temperatures, stay in bed.
4. Do not forget to ventilate the room.
5. Humidify the room. Dry air irritates the nasopharynx and slows recovery.
6. Do not forget about daily wet cleaning. If you feel unwell, have your spouse or other relatives clean the house.

Specific prophylaxis of angina is not developed. To increase the overall resistance of the body, you should eat rationally throughout pregnancy, move more and more often in the fresh air. It is necessary to carefully monitor the condition of the oral cavity, treat foci of chronic infection in time (including carious teeth). In the autumn-winter period, to maintain immunity, it is recommended to take complex vitamins designed specifically for pregnant women.