Types of fabrics for tailoring

Everyone wants clothes to be attractive, fashionable and comfortable and fit their purpose: to warm or protect from rain, to fit tightly or to drape beautifully. These qualities largely depend on the material from which coats, dresses, suits, jackets or underwear are made. What types of fabrics are used to make clothes, how they differ from each other, their main characteristics and properties - this is discussed in detail in our article.

The appearance, structure and quality of materials used for sewing clothing determines the composition of the fibers from which they are produced. Based on the type of feedstock, the following groups are distinguished:

1. Natural. In turn, they are divided into fabrics of plant origin: cotton, linen - and animal fabrics: silk, wool.
2. Artificial. They are made by processing natural raw materials, most often wood pulp.
3. Synthetic. They are a product of the chemical transformation of polymers obtained from oil, coal or gas.

As a rule, the materials from which clothing is made do not consist 100% of fibers belonging to one group. To obtain properties that more fully meet the needs of consumers, mixed or combined fabrics are produced.

Every year the list of materials is replenished with new names. Let's try to understand this diversity by focusing on the most common fabrics from each group and considering their advantages and disadvantages.

Natural materials

Due to the natural origin of the fibers, natural fabrics are highly valued. They allow the skin to “breathe” freely, do not cause irritation and do not provoke allergic and other diseases. These fabrics are so safe that they are used to make diapers and vests for newborns, clothes for expectant mothers, bedding sets and underwear.

Cotton fabrics

Light, soft and pleasant to the touch, cotton clothing always remains in demand. This is facilitated by the advantages of the material:

• breathability;
• hygroscopicity;
• high hygienic qualities;
• strength;
• ease of care.

Despite their insignificant thickness, cotton fabrics retain heat well, which is achieved due to the hollow structure of the fibers. Products made from them are inexpensive and available to any category of buyers.

Disadvantages include increased creasing, lack of elasticity and low wear resistance. In addition, fabrics are afraid of excessive dampness, which causes mold to form on them, and the fibers become thinner and overheat.

Types of cotton fabrics

To improve the properties of cotton materials, artificial or synthetic fibers are added to them. Some fabrics undergo a mercerization procedure - pre-treatment with a caustic soda solution, due to which they acquire strength and become resistant to premature wear.

The most famous cotton fabrics are the following:

It is important to know! Clothes made from cotton materials are not too demanding to care for. It can be washed in a machine, wrung out and twisted, ironed with a hot iron. However, if the fabric contains synthetic or artificial fibers, then before putting the product in the machine, you should carefully read the description on the label.

Linen fabrics

Compared to cotton, linen fabrics, which are used for sewing clothes, look denser and sometimes coarser. They also have all the positive characteristics inherent in natural materials, namely:

• good breathability;
• high thermal conductivity;
• wear resistance;
• hygroscopicity;
• strength.

Interesting fact! It has been proven that flax fibers have antiseptic qualities. They destroy pathogenic microorganisms and are not subject to rotting. It is not for nothing that since ancient times flax bandages have always been applied to open wounds.

Unfortunately, during the use of products made from linen fabrics, problems arise: clothes wrinkle, and when wet they shrink significantly. In addition, due to shedding, it is difficult to cut and sew. To reduce negative characteristics, do not add to pure flax a large number of polyester.

Linen materials are classified according to the weaving method:

• linen. It produces most fabrics for dresses or suits;
• leno. The result is openwork materials for skirts or summer sundresses;
• jacquard Large-patterned fabric with raised patterns or ornaments produced on special machines for sewing elegant clothes;
• translucent. The fabric turns out to be very thin and is used to make individual elements of products - capes, sleeves or inserts.

Items made from pure linen can not only be washed at high temperatures, but even boiled. It is best to dry them flat out on a horizontal plane. To completely get rid of folds and creases, ironing is combined with steaming.

Wool fabrics

The raw materials for the production of these materials are the wool and fluff of various animals: rabbits, sheep, llamas, camels and others. They have high heat-saving properties and are quite expensive. Nevertheless, it is these fabrics that take precedence among all materials intended for warm clothing, since they truly have unique properties:

• hypoallergenic;
• low creasing;
• aeration;
• moisture absorption;
• durability.

The only thing that pure wool lacks is elasticity. This problem is solved by adding 5-10% elastane to the raw material, due to which sweaters, jackets or skirts acquire better fit and elasticity.

Assortment of wool fabrics

In addition to pure wool, half-woolen fabrics are also used for sewing clothes, in which from 25 to 80% are cotton, silk or synthetic fibers. Depending on the composition, the properties of these canvases differ.

Interesting to know! In order to understand whether the fabric is made of 100% wool or has impurities, there is a simple method. You need to pull the thread out of the canvas and set it on fire. Pure wool fiber will burn for a long time with the characteristic smell of burnt hair and will leave behind a ball that can be easily rubbed with your fingers.

Silk fabrics

Natural silk fabrics look so attractive and sophisticated that they are suitable for clothing worn at various special events. In ancient times, only the wealthiest and most titled people could afford to wear silk. And even now, fabric made from silkworm cocoons is not a cheap pleasure.

Nevertheless, high price does not scare off those who value not only the beauty of the material, but also its quality. And natural silk has enough positive properties:

• high hygroscopicity;
• breathability;
• thermoregulation;
• wear resistance;
• durability.

Important fact! Silk fabrics are uniquely hygienic. They literally repel all microorganisms and bacteria and are endowed with the ability to heal small wounds or abrasions on human skin.

Like all beauties, silk is considered a very capricious material. It does not tolerate bright sun, and when wet it forms unattractive stains on the surface. The fabric is very easy to care for. It is best to wash products by hand and dry them away from heating devices. You need to iron silk items with an iron, setting the regulator to the most gentle setting.

Variety of silk fabrics

Since clothes made from natural silk are not affordable for everyone, many manufacturers strive to reduce the cost of products and add synthetic or artificial fibers. Such canvases are also beautiful, but they can no longer boast of unique properties. They do not have the characteristic iridescent shine, flow less and drape poorly.

When purchasing, you should pay attention to the label, since 100% silk fabrics include the following types:

All types of silk fabrics, with the exception of brocade, are used to make beautiful lingerie. It is decorated with embroidery, guipure or lace inserts. Despite the fact that such things have a significant cost, they are always in high demand.

Interesting fact! Few people know that there is another type of natural fabric - hemp. Made from natural, pure raw materials, hemp clothing is considered the most hypoallergenic and safe. In addition, it is characterized by increased strength, durability and does not “float” the body. Doctors say that wearing hemp underwear helps remove toxins from the body and speeds up metabolic processes.

Artificial fabrics

As mentioned above, materials obtained chemically from natural components are considered artificial. Thanks to this origin, they are environmentally friendly and do not pose a threat to human health. Their characteristics speak for themselves:

• strength;
• ease;
• quick drying;
• ease of care;
• wide range of colors;
• wear resistance.

It is noteworthy that for the production of these materials, not expensive raw materials are used, as is the case with natural linens, but waste from the wood processing industry, that is, ordinary cellulose. Very often, artificial fibers are introduced into many cotton or woolen fabrics to give them greater strength and durability.

Main types of artificial fabrics

Clothing made from artificial materials is always in demand among buyers. After all, these canvases are attractive in appearance and are quite inexpensive. The list of the most common ones includes the following:

Interesting to know! In addition to the production of clothing, artificial materials are also used as filling for bedding. For example, bamboo pillows and blankets are considered the most environmentally friendly and hygienic; they are able to follow the anatomical contours of a person and thereby create ideal conditions for relaxation and good rest.

Synthetic fabrics

The beginning of the era of synthetic materials is considered to be 1938, when specialists from the chemical concern DuPont produced the first polyamide fibers - the “progenitors” of the famous nylon and nylon. Technical progress does not stand still, and the number of synthetic fabrics currently known far exceeds the number of natural and artificial ones.

The properties of these materials depend on the source raw materials, but they all have the following undoubted advantages:

• high strength;
• abrasion resistance;
• low wear rate;
• durability;
• ease of care.

Of course, synthetics cannot compare with cotton, silk or wool in terms of aeration, hygroscopicity or safety. But it has elasticity, stretchability and is not susceptible to mold and bacteria.

Important to remember! Clothes made of synthetic materials are not recommended to be worn in the summer heat, as they do not allow air to pass through well and can create a greenhouse effect. In addition, some fabrics accumulate static electricity and spark, which, according to doctors, causes increased fatigue and irritability in people.

Range of synthetic materials

Low manufacturing costs bring synthetic fabrics to the top of sales. Of the large number of “chemical” fabrics, let’s pay attention to the most popular:

Today, every chemical concern considers it a matter of honor to develop a new synthetic material that would be in demand not only in textiles, but also in other industries. It is important that the synthesized fibers not only have pre-programmed properties, but also be as environmentally friendly and safe for humans as possible.

Knitted fabrics

The classification of materials that are used to sew various items of clothing would be incomplete without knitted fabrics. They are knitted on special machines from fibers of different origins: natural, artificial or synthetic.

Despite the variety of forms, knitted fabrics have General characteristics. The advantages of knitted materials include:

• pleasant tactile sensations;
• elasticity;
• hygiene;
• wide range of applications;
• practicality;
• ease of care;
• durability.

However, when using low-quality or cheap raw materials knitted products can quickly lose shape - stretch out or sit down. In addition, the ability to tightly fit the figure is not always welcomed by those with curvy figures. Nevertheless, knitted items are in every person’s wardrobe.

Variety of knitwear

Most often, mixed raw materials are used in the production of knitted fabrics. The combination of cotton or wool threads with polyester and lycra makes the material durable and wrinkle-resistant, without reducing air exchange and hygroscopicity. The most famous knitted fabrics are the following:

• diving. This variety is created specifically for sportswear. Due to its special fit and elasticity, the material is often called “second skin”. In addition to swimsuits, leggings, leggings, shapewear and gymnastics suits, even ballroom and evening dresses;
• interlock. Natural dense knitted fabric from which rompers, blouses, baby vests and caps for newborns are made. The material has a double-sided rubber-like structure. Interlock is also cozy and beautiful tracksuits, T-shirts, pajamas, nightgowns and dressing gowns;
• Cashkorse. Elastic fabric made of 100% brushed cotton can be plain dyed or melange. Used for sewing children's clothes;
• cooler The most common knitwear for the production of underwear and summer clothes. The fabric stretches very well in length and does not stretch in width. Excellent air conductivity and moisture absorption. Available both plain-dyed and equipped with various patterns or prints;
• mahra. Knitted fabric with looped pile located on one or both sides. A characteristic feature is increased hygroscopicity, which is why the fabric is used for sewing bathrobes and other bathing accessories;
• ribana. Thanks to a special “rubber” knitting, the fabric stretches well in width and holds its shape perfectly. It is used to make sweaters, turtlenecks, tracksuits and hats;
• fleece A soft and cozy knitted fabric with a brushed feel, reminiscent of sheared sheep's wool. Consists of 100% polyester. It retains heat well, is pleasant to the touch and does not require special care. Warm tracksuits, jackets, shirts, children's overalls, pajamas, and women's clothing for the home are made from fleece;
• footer This is a thick cotton knitted fabric with a brush on the reverse side. Very warm, soft and tender. The main application is clothing for the little ones, a variety of sweaters, jackets, dressing gowns and dresses.

It is important to know! In order for knitwear to last as long as possible, they need to be properly cared for. It is better to wash them using liquid detergents, do not twist them, but lightly wring them out and dry them in a horizontal position. It is not recommended to hang knitted items on hangers to avoid stretching. For storage, it is advisable to use special bags in which you should put the moth repellent.

The quality, beauty and comfort of clothing largely depend on the material from which it is made. The various types of fabrics produced by the modern textile industry allow you to choose the one that will fully correspond to the purpose of the item.

Instructions

First of all, decide on the choice of style. The more complex the cut of the selected model, the softer and thinner the selected model should be textile. If a large number of gathers, draperies or flounces are envisaged, the ideal choice would be chiffon, acetate or natural silk, thin taffeta and crepe.

If there is a need to hide excess fat at the waist and at the same time emphasize the figure, best choice for sewing dresses it will become dense taffeta. It holds its shape perfectly and drapes well with rigid folds.

A dress made from natural silk will decorate your wardrobe. Silk is not without reason called the king of fabrics. It is lightweight, breathable and very durable. A dress made of natural silk can have an arbitrarily complex structure, the seams and folds will be impeccable. But keep in mind that, like all natural fibers, silk wrinkles very easily. Therefore, you should not wear such a dress to an event where you will have to get up and sit down often: the skirt will very quickly take on a “chewed” look.

Natural silk and satin have a very slippery surface, keep this in mind when choosing a model. Otherwise, you will have to constantly adjust the straps or hangers that are slipping.

If your figure is not ideal, do not choose for dresses fabrics with a shiny surface, this visually adds volume. Satin, silk, moire taffeta, satin are more suitable for slim people.

Do not choose acetate satin for a tight bodice. It stretches and loses its shape very quickly, especially at the seams. In general, a satin dress should look as if the seamstress’s hand never touched it. This is perfect textile for free flowing models with light draperies.

Fabric with a complex structure, embroidery, and sequins is suitable for very simple models. In addition, such fabrics are not suitable for public events, because few people will be able to appreciate the sophistication of the design or decoration up close. If you plan to appear in front of a large audience, choose for dresses crepe, matte taffeta or wet silk.

Brocade woven with gold or silver thread is ideal textile for evening dresses, which you will wear in the cool season on a date or romantic dinner. It is quite dense and will keep its shape perfectly throughout the event. Due to the high content of metallized fibers, expensive brocade practically does not wrinkle.

Please note that the larger the pattern on the fabric, the more it distorts the proportions of the figure. Fabric with a large pattern is absolutely not suitable for petite ones. In addition, a large pattern does not look good on models with a complex bodice cut.

The only one textile, which easily tolerates washing in, is an artificial crepe. Therefore, if you plan to wear the dress often, choose this one. Otherwise, you'll have to spend a small fortune on dry cleaning.

Video on the topic

Sources:

• how to choose material for a dress

Dress after washing or prolonged storage in the closet, it wrinkles and, as a result, loses its good appearance. Therefore, it needs to be ironed. Not everyone knows how to do this correctly.

Instructions

First of all, set the temperature. Find an icon on the label indicating at what temperature you are allowed to iron it. If you do not follow this rule, you risk ruining the fabric.

The order in which you iron items according to the type of fabric is also important. Always start with synthetic fabrics at a low temperature. After all, they can melt at temperatures exceeding 110 degrees. Then, gradually increase the temperature and move on to cotton, wool and silk.

Need to iron without using water! Otherwise, the dress may become stained. Iron it from the wrong side through one layer of cotton fabric. Smooth knitted items through a couple of layers of pre-wetted gauze. Also, do not press down on the iron to avoid stretching the knitting. It is correct to iron woolen items from the inside out as well. But linen and cotton must first be sprayed with warm water and then ironed on the front side.

If your dress is cut on the bias, iron it in the direction of the warp thread. If it is decorated with embroidery or stitching, then place a pad under it and iron it from the wrong side.

Video on the topic

Helpful advice

If you notice rusty spots on your iron, try cleaning them with beeswax. It also happens that the sole of the iron stops sliding. Beeswax will also help here. In order to cope with both of these misfortunes, wrap it in a cloth and wipe the iron.

Satin is a dense, shiny and very capricious fabric that requires careful handling. Such delicate items should be washed, dried and ironed in a special way, with knowledge and application of some mandatory rules of care.

Instructions

Before ironing, to preserve the appearance and durability of items, wash them by hand only in cool water and rinse in the same liquid using a small amount of vinegar.
Never twist, pull or wring the fabric. Just shake it and hang it on a hanger or lay it horizontally, away from batteries. Otherwise, no amount of ironing will help you return things to their original appearance.

Start ironing the product from the corner. Before doing this, you need to check the resistance of the fabric to the selected temperature conditions. The optimal option for atlas is considered to be a temperature of 150 degrees. In this case, it is advisable to use the “silk” position of the thermostat on the iron.

Iron satin items slightly dry. This must be done either from the wrong side or from the front, but through a damp cloth. Any cotton fabric called iron-on fabric is suitable for this. Such measures must be carried out so that a shiny mark (lases) does not remain on the fabric.

Helpful advice

If the lashes are not very smoothed, you can carefully get rid of them. To do this, moisten the ironing iron (can be in a solution of 9% vinegar) and apply it to the damaged area of ​​​​the fabric. Barely touching the surface of the product, treat the lasses with steam.

To prevent this kind of trouble from happening in the future, remove the gasket and place it under the problematic seam. You can sew it from thick fabric (for example, batting) measuring 15-20 cm. Do not use padding polyester, it melts at high temperatures and becomes rigid.

Sources:

• how to iron a satin dress

Careful ironing makes any dress flawless. However, the fine weave and delicate finishes are easily damaged. What should I do? Follow the instructions on the label, use a good iron, take your time - and everything will work out.

You will need

• - iron with thermostat and steam supply;
• - ironing board;
• - gauze.

Instructions

Determine the type of fabric you will be processing. The composition is usually indicated on the inside label. It also indicates at what temperature the item should be ironed. If you see a pictogram with a crossed out iron, keep in mind that this cannot be ironed.

Place the item on the ironing board. Unfasten the buttons, straighten the pockets, remove the belt from the belt loops. Turn the dress inside out - most fabrics are processed this way.

Wool can be processed from the front side, but be sure to use gauze, previously soaked in water and wrung out well. The most difficult thing to iron is natural linen. However, it does not require perfect ironing - a linen dress may look slightly wrinkled, this emphasizes the naturalness of the fabric.

Turn on the iron at the correct temperature. For linen and cotton, maximum power will be required (number 3 on the iron scale). Wool is at an average temperature (2), and silk and polyester will require the most delicate treatment with a warm iron (indicated by one on the scale).

If your dress is made from a combination of materials - for example, has lace trim or a silk collar, parts made from different materials, you will have to process it with an iron set to different temperatures.

Start ironing from the top. Treat the collar and shoulder area. Then iron the sleeves. Do not smooth out sharp folds on them. Lay it out on the board and iron it, without bringing the surface to the middle part with the fold. Then move the fabric a little and iron the middle of the sleeve. Unbutton the cuff and spread it all the way out. Iron it, being careful not to wrinkle the corners.

Process the front of the dress. If they have a fastener, carefully go around the buttons with an iron. Do not press a hot surface against them - the buttons or snaps may become deformed. Finish the top of the dress by ironing the back.

Now work on the skirt. Iron it gradually, starting from the waistband and ending with the hem. Lastly, iron the frills and ruffles. If they have lace, go around it - a hot iron can burn through the lace. Once you have finished working the main fabric, switch the iron to a higher setting. low temperature and iron the finish.

After finishing processing the item, hang it on hangers and leave for half an hour. Do not put the dress on immediately after ironing - it will wrinkle immediately. Put cooled items in the closet. Wool, silk and polyester dresses can be treated before this

Complex models of skirts and dresses are made from shape-resistant materials that will preserve the lines of the silhouette. The fabric should be moderately stiff and dense, but not heavy, because a large consumption of material for a full skirt can turn the product into heavy armor.

In addition, to create stable forms, hard ones are used, such as. The material acts as a frame, does not allow light tissues to change shape and facilitates the movements of the legs.

Small details that serve as decoration for the model (collars, for example) are additionally reinforced with doublerin or interlining to improve the dimensional stability of the fabric. Let's take a closer look at the materials that will help bring the most daring silhouettes to life.

Fabric for dresses and circle skirts

The skirt as a garment is believed to have evolved from a simple loincloth. To hide the body, any material was suitable - even woven fabric, even animal skin. Later, this item of clothing became an integral part of a woman’s dress, so we will consider shape-resistant fabrics for sewing skirts and dresses in one section.

The circle skirt is elegant and original

Dress materials must be practical, wear-resistant, and also aesthetic. Such an outfit can be worn on absolutely any occasion - to work, to a celebration, to a social reception (choosing the appropriate models). It is desirable that the skirt in which you will have to sit does not wrinkle and retains an attractive drape. This is why it is so important to choose durable, reliable textiles to create an outfit.

The circle skirt is a very interesting model, which is also found in dresses. When you look at the pattern from above, it resembles a circle with a cutout in the center for the waist. When sewn, the skirt falls in loose folds, hides the hip lines, and widens downwards. Models made of rigid fabrics form persistent romantic folds, as if the product is supported by a crinoline or special rings.

Atlas

Smooth, elegant fabric with shine, quite heavy and dense, and therefore shape-resistant. Traditionally made from . There are options with cotton and viscose, as well as synthetic fibers. This mixture is considered more affordable, but of lower quality.

Advantages of the material:

• strength;
• tear resistance;
• hygroscopicity;
• durability.

Spectacular skirts, evening and Wedding Dresses, as well as linen and. Satin with the addition of synthetic fibers can stretch over time, so you need to pay attention to the label with detailed composition.

Viscose

Material Features:

• draped;
• softly fits the figure;
• practically does not wrinkle;
• hides figure flaws.

A huge number of different clothes are sewn from georgette: suits, dresses and much more.

Suede

Suede holds its shape well

It is a textile analogue of specially tanned genuine leather with the same name. The manufacturing method is simple: prepared pile is glued onto a woven base (it covers the material from the back and front sides).

Also among the advantages of the material are:

• and does not sit down;
• keeps its shape perfectly;
• does not absorb moisture;
• resistance to pollution.

Suede is used to make spectacular dresses, trousers, skirts, as well as shoes and various accessories. The material is considered humane and safe because the production of textiles does not require the use of the skin of living creatures.

Crepe

Crepe is not just a certain type of fabric, it is a whole group of textiles made from highly twisted threads, often connected to each other with a special crepe weave. There are crepe de chine, crepe chiffon, crepe georgette, crepe satin and many other varieties. The material is made from silk, cotton, wool, artificial and synthetic fibers.

Advantages:

• density;
• wear resistance;
• drapeability;
• does not wrinkle;
• retains its shape.

Suits and dresses of various styles, as well as kimonos, are made from crepe.

Organza

Silk organza holds its shape perfectly

Airy, refined material. It can be matte or shiny, it is decorated with etching, printing and embroidery. The main feature of the fabric is its rigidity and extraordinary dimensional stability, despite its external delicacy. Organza is made from tightly twisted threads of silk, viscose or polyester.

Positive properties of the fabric:

• does not wrinkle;
• high strength;
• allows light and air to pass through;
• does not deform;
• very durable.

Due to its transparency and rigidity, organza is rarely used independently to create clothing. Most often it plays the role of inserts, finishing elements, and is also used on top of a cover or lining.

Eco leather

An excellent material that does not require a single sacrifice in the animal world to obtain. – a two-layer fabric; to create it, the woven fabric is covered with a polymer layer. The surface of the material is painted and decorated with prints that imitate the texture of natural leather. The base can be cotton or polyester.

Among the many advantages of the material are:

• strength;
• elasticity;
• wear resistance;
• breathability.

In addition, the material retains the shape it is given; it does not stretch or wear out. Interesting skirts and dresses are sewn from eco-leather (the material is used independently and can also be used to decorate other fabrics).

Fabric for petticoats

Taffeta

Traditionally used as linings and petticoats. Like organza, it is a stiff fabric with a glossy sheen. Made from tightly twisted fibers. Taffeta is made from silk, cotton, viscose and polyester. Several types of fabric are available: plain, printed, shanzhan, tapestry.

Advantages of taffeta:

• repels moisture;
• resists tears well;
• does not rub off;
• forms and maintains rigid folds.

Lush dresses for weddings and other celebrations, skirts and blouses, and home decor items are made from taffeta.

Fatin

The petticoat helps the skirt keep its shape and not get underfoot

So that the skirt retains a fluffy silhouette, and the owner feels like a princess from fairy tale, use tulle petticoats. The material is a thin, rigid mesh with small cells that perfectly supports the upper layers of fabric and does not allow the material to get tangled underfoot.

Tulle belongs to a special group of fabrics formed by a special weaving of weft and warp threads. The threads are intertwined, knotted and twisted, but loosely, so that there is an air gap between the vertical and horizontal lines. Modern mesh is made from synthetics (polyester, elastane), as well as viscose.

Features of tulle:

• elasticity;
• wear resistance;
• the fabric does not wrinkle;
• breathability;
• transparency.

While single-layer tulle is used to create petticoats, independent ones are sewn from multi-layer fabric. bouffant skirts. The canvas forms voluminous folds, the layers overlap each other and lose transparency. A lot of material is required - tens of meters for one single thing.

Tulle is painted in various colors, decorated with sequins and rhinestones, sparkling embroidery. The material is used to create various silhouettes of dresses, as well as circle skirts.

What are collars made of?

Lace collar - neckline decor on a dress

The first collars in human history were made from natural fur to protect yourself from cold air and gusts of wind. Then this detail of clothing became more complex, turning into a decorative neckline on the dress and a man’s stand-up collar.

There are the following types of collars:

• stand (straight cut, tightly fastened);
• Italian (stand with separated corners);
• turn-down (jacket type collar);
• stand-up (most often found on men's shirts);
• flat-lying (a typical representative is the collar on a sailor’s uniform);
• frill (consists of frills and lace).

There are also cowl collars, “Berta” collars, “cadet” collars and many others. To create these clothing items, you need fabric that is resistant to deformation or special reinforcing layers.

Adhesive fabrics and non-adhesive reinforcement materials

Non-woven fabric in different colors

Special reinforcement materials help give collars or cuffs extra rigidity and shape. Usually they use (fabric material adhesive on one side) and non-woven adhesive fabric (non-woven adhesive fabric). Duplicating fabric is selected depending on the strength and density of the material, as well as the type of product.

To distinguish woven adhesive material from non-woven, the corner of the fabric is simply stretched. Dublerin, for example, will stretch elastically, and non-woven fabric will tear, like paper. Nevertheless, “non-woven” has its advantages. This material consists of pressed fibers, so it does not crumble at all at the edges.

Nonwoven and dublerin are additional materials; they are not used independently to create clothing. They are used in textile production and in designer studios. When sewing clothes at home, every needlewoman should also have adhesive fabrics.

Lace

An indispensable decorative material for creating collars is lace. Light openwork weaving with ornaments decorates women's shirts, dresses and sweaters. The material is produced in Russia, France, Italy, Belgium and other countries.

Based on the technique used, the following types of lace are distinguished:

• wicker;
• sewn;
• nodular;
• knitted.

Lace is also considered a fabric with a relief pattern connected by a mesh. Guipure differs from smooth and even openwork by its convex ornament.

To Bertha stood, held its shape and did not wrinkle, it is coated with special compounds or starch. At home, the delicate part is treated with a starch aerosol or the traditional procedure of soaking the collar in an aqueous starch solution is performed. Fabric linings are also used.

conclusions

There are many shape-resistant fabrics that can be used to create beautiful silhouettes for skirts and dresses, as well as collars. Each material is special and is used in appropriate cases. Even the lightest and most delicate fabric can be used to create spectacular images, if you use fluffy petticoats (made of tulle, for example). There are also adhesive fabrics and materials that are used to sew and strengthen such miniature costume parts as collars.

Stretch fabrics – universal beauty

Elastic, well-stretchable fabric is always in trend in the fashion industry. Clothing made from this material elegantly fits the figure, and when draped, it forms soft, beautifully flowing folds. Let's look at the main types of elastic fabrics, their properties, sewing and care features.

Most modern textile materials cannot boast of particular elasticity and stretchability. But these are precisely the qualities that are necessary for swimsuits and sportswear, stockings and tights, underwear and many other items of clothing. Just some 70 years ago, the problem seemed almost insoluble.

But in the mid-50s of the last century, a solution was found: leading specialists of the American concern DuPont obtained a fiber with unique properties. New material acquired the name “spandex”, which was formed by rearranging the letters in the word “to expand” - to stretch. In Europe, this fabric is more often called elastane or lycra.

Spandex fiber is formed by flexible polyurethane fragments connected to each other by so-called “bridges” - rigid bonds. They prevent the particles from moving apart and determine the elasticity and elasticity of the material.

As an independent fabric, elastane, or elastic, as the manufacturers themselves say, is practically never found, but its addition to natural, artificial or synthetic fabrics gives them new characteristics. The most significant advantages are the following:

• elasticity and resilience. The canvas not only stretches remarkably, but also returns to its original shape;
• strength and wear resistance. It is estimated that introducing lycra fibers into fabric extends its service life by almost two times;
• resistance to external influences. The materials do not fade in the sun, do not deteriorate in salt water and do not lose their color;
• crease resistance. Products with elastane do not require ironing;
• resistance to pollution. Stains from the surface of the fabric are easily washed off with water.

Another important fact is that, being 100% synthetic in its essence, spandex does not in any way reduce the breathability of natural materials. In clothes made of cotton, linen, silk or wool with the addition of lycra, the skin still “breathes” freely.

Interesting fact! Perhaps the only thing that spandex is afraid of are chemicals, especially chlorine compounds. It has been noticed that after frequent visits to pools with chlorinated water, the fabric of swimsuits becomes thinner and loses its color. To prevent this from happening, you should immediately after swimming thoroughly rinse your clothes in running water and dry them.

An attachment that changes the properties of fabrics

So, you can make almost any fabric more elastic and stretchy. At the same time, many manufacturers do not even try to come up with names for new materials, but simply add the prefix “stretch”, which translated from English means “stretchy”, “extensible”.

Depending on how elastic the new fabric should be, the proportion of elastane ranges from 2 to 30% by weight of the main fiber. And depending on the composition of the main fabric, the following types of stretchy matter are distinguished:

• stretch cotton. Used for sewing summer shirts, trousers, dresses, blouses, sundresses and other products. Features good aeration and hypoallergenicity;
• stretch linen. Adding a small amount of lycra allows you to get rid of the main problem of linen fabrics - severe creasing;
• stretch denim. Particularly relevant for women's jeans, which should fit perfectly on the figure;
• stretch silk. This material successfully combines the shine and beauty of silk threads with the strength and elasticity of elastane. Most often used for underwear, bedding or evening wear;
• stretch wool. Skirts or trousers made of such fabric not only fit the figure, but are also very practical - they do not wrinkle when constantly sitting on a chair or in a car seat;
• stretch velvet. Luxurious fabric for creating evening dresses or wedding dresses;
• stretch satin. Shiny durable material with a large palette of colors and shades. It is most often used to make carnival costumes or clothes for theatrical productions;
• stretch jacquard. Thanks to the presence of lycra, the fabric becomes more durable and resistant to mechanical damage, which makes it possible to use it for the manufacture of upholstery of upholstered furniture, car covers, as well as outerwear for women and men.

Interesting fact! It turns out that spandex is successfully used not only in the textile industry, but also in the medical industry. Elastic bandages, bandages, compression underwear and a variety of bandage fasteners are made using this unique material.

Types of material

At first glance, fabrics with the addition of lycra do not differ from ordinary ones. However, after applying effort, it becomes clear what type of stretch materials they belong to.

According to the production method, elastic fabrics are divided into two groups:

1. Two-dimensional spandex, or mono-stretch. In them, lycra is added to either the warp or weft thread. They can only stretch in one direction.
2. Four-dimensional spandex, or bi-stretch. Here, both threads can be improved, so the fabric stretches perfectly both in length and width.

Elastic fibers can be matte or shiny, transparent or translucent. These properties are used when it is necessary to give the material gloss or, on the contrary, to make it more invisible.

Briefly about the most common elastic fabrics

Stretch fabrics look very presentable. In addition, they are very comfortable and practical. The most famous include the following.

The name of this knitted material translates as “stretching in both directions.” Indeed, its canvas can increase in size by 300%.

The advantages of supplex include its strength, stability of rich colors, and ease of care. The fabric absorbs moisture well and dries quickly. It has good thermal conductivity, so clothes made of supplex will be comfortable even in the heat.

The main use of the material is sewing swimsuits, stage and carnival costumes, sportswear. It is very common to find supplex with various decorative effects: shimmering, holographic or matte.

This beautifully stretchy synthetic fabric are called differently. Manufacturers call it “knitwear-sport”, and athletes and gymnasts themselves call it “second skin”.

In addition to lycra, the material contains polyester, which gives it strength, and viscose, thanks to which the fabric shines and shimmers, like satin or silk. Sometimes a small amount of cotton is allowed to increase breathability and hygiene properties.

There are two types of fabric: microdiving, which makes beautiful T-shirts, summer dresses, sundresses and blouses, and diving stretch, used for sewing shapewear and sportswear. Clothing made from these materials is in high demand among the fair sex, since it can not only give the figure a beautiful silhouette, but also visually “remove” several kilograms.

Jersey

Thanks to the famous Coco Chanel, knitted fabric, from which only underwear was sewn, began to be used to make elegant dresses, suits and even coats. The composition of the material can be varied: as a rule, it includes both natural and synthetic fibers.

A distinctive feature of jersey is its significant elasticity at the base: without increasing in length, the fabric stretches well in width. The fabric drapes beautifully, forming pleasant soft folds. Recently, they began to use it to make dressing gowns and pajamas, and clothes for children.

Kulirka and ribana

The two most common knitted fabrics, which are distinguished by their high elasticity. Both materials contain exclusively cotton fibers, to which up to 5% lycra is added.

The fabrics not only stretch well, but are also completely safe and hypoallergenic. In addition, they perfectly absorb moisture and do not interfere with aeration. The combination of such wonderful properties makes kulirka and ribana the main “children’s” materials. They are used to make clothes for babies from birth.

Both types of knitwear have sufficient strength and resistance to mechanical damage. At proper care they retain their elasticity and beautiful appearance for a long time.

Unfortunately, among the many advantages that stretch materials are generously endowed with, there are also negative qualities. In particular, elastic fabrics behave very capriciously when sewing. To make the process of creating a new product enjoyable, you need to use the recommendations of professional craftswomen:

1. When cutting, do not stretch the fabric. It is best to attach the pattern to the fabric using tailor's tape, which will prevent it from “jumping off.”
2. Stretch materials should not be cut in two layers. They can shift, and the part will turn out crooked.
3. For sewing, you must use special elastic threads. To prevent the fabric from creeping out from under the foot, the easiest way is to place thin paper or newspaper under it.
4. Often in finished product The hangers slide down my arms. This can be prevented by sewing pieces of interlining or braid into the shoulder seams.
5. It is best to process the edges using an overlocker or a zigzag attachment. If the fabric does not fray, then the seams can be left as is.

It is important to know! Another disadvantage of elastic materials, especially with natural base, is a high degree of shrinkage during washing. To protect yourself as much as possible from this trouble, the canvas should be washed in cool water twice before cutting. This pre-treatment is called decating in tailor's parlance.

Caring for products made from elastic fabrics

Before you begin washing or cleaning, you must carefully read the descriptions on the label. In general, the requirements for various stretch materials can be listed in the form of the following rules:

• It is best to wash things by hand. When machine washing, use only the delicate cycle. The water temperature should not exceed 300C;
• elastane fibers do not tolerate aggressive chemicals, so you should use liquid products and do without bleach;
• It is impossible to twist, let alone wring out, the products so as not to destroy the fibers. It is best to hang clothes on hangers over the bathtub and let the water drain;
• It is better to dry things in the shade, away from direct sunlight. After the first wash, it is advisable to put new clothes on a mannequin while wet to avoid shrinkage;
• Stretch fabrics most often do not need ironing. However, if such a need arises, then the iron is not moved over the fabric, but carefully rearranged so as not to stretch it unnecessarily. In this case, the regulator should be in the “synthetic” or “silk” position;
• Elastic fabrics should not be steamed as this will cause them to shrink.

By following these simple rules, you can keep products made from stretchable materials in excellent condition for a long time. Tracksuits and swimsuits, ballroom and casual dresses, hosiery and home textiles will delight you with bright colors, soft silky texture and high performance.

For your convenience, we have prepared for you detailed description fabrics and their main properties and characteristics that are used in the manufacture of clothing for those products that are presented in our online store women's clothing"The Most Fashionable". If you lack a description of any fabric or have other wishes, you can always write to us about it. All wishes will be taken into account and implemented to the extent possible.

Description of fabrics. Their main types and characteristics

The highest quality artificial fiber, stable in shape, resistant to heat retention, often used instead of wool or in conjunction with it to improve some of the characteristics of the product. Acrylic is also called “artificial wool”, which in its own qualities is similar to natural wool; it has many extremely rare properties. Acrylic fibers can be dyed very well, as a result of which you can make yarn of bright, highly saturated, intense colors. Acrylic canvas has many advantages - hypoallergenic, pleasant to the touch, color fastness. Things are pleasant and comfortable to wear in everyday life, they are comfortable and warm. This material is not fussy when caring, but you should follow some recommendations: wash products at a temperature of no more than 30C, things should not be wrung out, they should be laid out on a flat surface until completely dry. Ironing should be done at minimum temperature.

Alex– a fabric with good elasticity, which is a representative of the “knitted family”. Due to the fact that the fabric is made by knitting (the loops are tightly intertwined with each other), Alex holds its shape perfectly and practically does not wrinkle. Most often, the fabric contains cotton, viscose fibers and about 30% polyester. Business dresses are made from this material, pantsuits, as well as classic skirts.

Angora- wool fabric of the Angora goat, gentle to the tactile sensations, with a distinctive soft and delicate pile. The fabric comes in light and medium-weight types, plain-dyed or melange. The use of angora is widespread. Women's dresses, all different suits, lightweight coats, etc. are made from it.

Smooth and dense fabric with a glossy front side. Satin is highly wear-resistant, drapes well, and with proper care retains its shape. Fabric made from silk threads is susceptible to high temperatures, but the material with the addition of synthetic fibers is more resistant and durable. Evening and cocktail dresses are made from satin, long skirts, blouses. Fabric composition may vary. The most expensive products are made from 100% silk. More affordable fabrics will contain cotton and viscose fibers. The cheapest satin is made from 100% polyester.

Velvet– noble fabric with resistant pile. Made from silk, wool and cotton threads. Viscose can also be added to the structure of the material, due to which velvet becomes more durable and stretches well. The fabric is distinguished by its texture - soft pile, up to 5 mm long, gives a pleasant tactile sensation. The peculiarities of velvet are its iridescent surface and color saturation, but the disadvantages include difficulties in care, since such things can only be washed by hand, and stubborn stains are quite difficult to remove.

Airy, lightweight fabric, which, although it seems very delicate, is highly durable and able to retain its shape. The most expensive cambric is the one that is made by hand from linen and cotton threads using the twisting method. But modern industry allows everyone to wear products made from this fabric - in addition to cotton fibers, the fabric contains synthetic threads, which make the material easier to care for and more affordable. Summer dresses, sundresses, skirts are sewn from cambric, and it is also used for finishing blouses.

Natural stretch fabric, which contains a large amount of cotton fibers and a small percentage of elastane. The fabric has the property of high thermal conductivity, which is accompanied by a feeling of pleasant freshness and coolness.

Biflex. A fabric that stands out for one property: it stretches perfectly. It is made by spinning - the threads are intertwined with each other on a special machine. Biflex can have different densities and compositions. Most often, more than 50% of the composition is lycra and lurex - synthetic materials that are responsible for the shine and characteristics of the fabric. The composition may also include microfiber and nylon - another representative of the “synthetic” ones, which give supplex moisture-proof properties. Tracksuits and swimsuits are made from this material.

Boucle- a fabric made from wool thread. Its characteristic features are the presence of many small curls and a knobby surface to the touch. Bouclé is also compared to small astrakhan. The fabric composition, in addition to wool, may include cotton, viscose, and synthetics. The thicker the material itself and the curls, the more wool it contains. They make coats, suits, and scarves from boucle. The most famous fans of boucle suits are Jacqueline Kennedy and Sophia Loren. This fabric does not wrinkle, and woolen products can only be washed by hand.

Velveteen— this material is a synthetic fabric, the outer part of which is made of pile. This material has been known since ancient times, being considered the “fabric of kings,” which made it very expensive and practically inaccessible to the general public. However, now this fabric is made using a slightly different technology, which has increased the elasticity of the material itself. In addition, products made from corduroy are quite pleasant to the touch and durable, but special care must be taken when washing - the material can lose its shape and wrinkle.

Velours- fabric with low, very dense and soft pile. A material that is pleasant to the body, used for sewing clothes. Things made of velor are comfortable and cozy. Items made of velor practically do not dry out and are resistant to other damage, do not stretch and look like new after a long time. Fabric composition: lycra, cotton with polyester or can consist of 100% cotton. Thanks to the inner layer of jersey that comes into contact with your baby's skin, which is made of cotton. Things made of velor are comfortable, cozy and warm for children and adults. It is recommended to wash at less than 35 degrees, also handwash. Ironing after washing is not recommended.

Viscose- a delicate, tactile fiber (fabric) with the highest brightness of color and soft shine. Viscose has a composition similar to natural cotton fiber and is therefore hygroscopic and easily permeable to air. Moreover, it gives a feeling of coolness in hot weather.

Gabardine. A fabric that is durable due to a special weave of threads - embossed, diagonal weaving is used, and also holds its shape well, allowing you to create draperies and textured folds that do not deform after washing. Natural gabardine is made from the wool of merino sheep - they sew from such material expensive suits, short coat. Today, gabardine is most often composed of cotton, rayon and textured polyester threads. Skirts, jackets and suits are made from this fabric.

Galliano- a fabric that got its name thanks to the famous Italian designer, who, when sewing products, pays Special attention lining Yes, galliano is a lining fabric that can have a different composition. For example, the lining that will be used to sew a coat or jacket will contain twill and viscose. For dresses and skirts, galliano fabric is used, which consists of satin and polyester. This material is durable, holds its shape well, but has virtually no stretch.

Guipure- translucent fabric in the form of lace patterns on a mesh base. This material is widely used for the production of products consisting of it, as well as some individual elements for models, for example: lace sleeves of dresses, sweaters, etc., lace inserts on the back in summer or demi-season models. Guipure is used for the production of evening dresses, sweaters and other things. Lace overlays give models festive look.

- a combination of two elegant fabrics that allows you to get an impressive material at low cost. On the front side you see a sophisticated guipure pattern, and on the back side you see smooth and pleasant to the touch satin. To make this fabric, stretch satin is used, which includes lycra, as well as guipure. The latter, as a rule, is made of cotton or polyamide threads, less often - of silk, linen and viscose. Guipure on satin is chosen for sewing corsets for evening dresses, jackets, and skirts.

Guipure Printed. A fabric that consists of two elements: embossed lace and a thin mesh, which, in fact, connects the lace elements. Lace is usually made of cotton, but the mesh may contain synthetic fibers, which add wear resistance and strength to the product. Printed guipure, unlike traditional guipure, can have different color schemes, since the color and design here are applied mechanically. They sew from this material original dresses, it is used as inserts in jackets, evening dresses where a corset is used.

Diving- High-quality and highly elastic fabric, which gives it a dimensionless effect. It fits your body perfectly, drapes perfectly and holds its shape well. The fabric is breathable and has the important inherent property of removing moisture and sweat from the surface of the body. Diving is a versatile and durable fabric and is often used for sewing: not only everyday women's clothing, dresses, but also for the production of sportswear, including athletics.

Diving Micro- a fabric that, unlike its “brother” - diving, has a very wide range of applications. It is used to make dresses, pencil skirts, tracksuits, and leggings. It is made from thin viscose fibers and is lightweight, stretches well and does not restrict movement. In addition to viscose, micro diving also contains lycra, polyester and elastane. Due to the presence of lycra and elastane, the fabric drapes well and fits well.

Double thread- thickened knitted fabric, made on the basis of kulirka, simply “Kulirka”, one of the natural cotton-based materials widely used in our everyday life. the outer side is flat and smooth, and the inner side is loop-shaped, created by knitting interlining threads of the highest density from the inside. The fabric is resistant to wear and does not lose shape, pilling or stretching. This natural and natural material allows the skin to breathe perfectly even in warm and hot weather, easily passing air through itself. Important: it is advisable to wash at a temperature of no more than 30 degrees, as the fabric shrinks after washing. Composition – 100% cotton.

Thickened fabric. Either wool (worsted) or cotton spun yarn. Scars are clearly visible on the surface of the fabric; they are obtained as a result of appropriate selection of the proportions of density and thickness and the introduction of a special weave of threads. The diagonal is so strong that it is used for sewing military uniforms, and for you and me, coats, jackets and other things are sewn from it.
During production, the fabric is created on the basis of natural materials. Therefore, the fabric is hygroscopic and allows air to pass through quite easily, allowing the body to breathe. All things made from this material bring convenience and comfort, including practicality in use to the owner. The product does not cause hypoallergenic reactions. I would like to note the thermal insulation characteristics: in cool times, clothes made from it warm and retain heat, and at elevated temperatures, on the contrary, it gives a feeling of freshness and coolness.

Jacquard— this material is a special fabric that is made by complex interweaving of various threads. This technology also affects the price of the final material, which is quite high. As for products made from this fabric, they are very durable, lightweight, wear-resistant and hypoallergenic. The use of natural materials in production allows this fabric to be used even for clothing for newborns.

Suede- aka champoo (aka rovduga and vezh), this is leather made from deer and sheepskins using a method called fat tanning. It has characteristic properties: soft silkiness, a certain velvety quality and such an important property as moisture resistance. Painted in different colors. A distinctive feature of the fabric is its sponginess and porosity.

The material is made by combining a cotton or silk base with microfiber or polyester threads. Clothes - skirts, jackets - are made using a woven method - microfiber cloth is split into small fibers and applied to a cotton or silk base. This method ensures the reliability of the material. The non-woven method, in which polyester threads are glued to a base, is distinguished by its low cost, but also of lower quality processing. Artificial suede is soft, wear-resistant and practically does not deform.

The material consists of two parts: a base and a layer of polymers. It has good strength, elasticity, hypoallergenicity and withstands frost and ultraviolet radiation. Cotton and polyester can be used as a base, and polyurethane as a top layer. The combination of a fabric base and porous polyurethane makes artificial leather fabric that is highly breathable and can be used to make dresses, skirts, leggings and trousers.

– this includes several types of canvases that differ in their composition, but have several mandatory properties. Suit fabric should hold its shape well, fit your figure and be wear-resistant. The material can contain wool with elastane, cotton with the addition of polyester, and viscose. The best suiting fabrics are considered to be cotton with the addition of synthetic fibers - they are good for the summer-spring period, as well as woolen fabrics with viscose and elastane. The latter are worth choosing for a warm winter-autumn suit.

Suit fabric "Tiare"- a fairly thick, plain-dyed suiting fabric of a dark color with elastane; the clothing is flexible and elastic, which gives it a sort of dimensionless quality and does not restrict movement. A special feature is the softness, comfort and amazing pleating of the fabric. "Tiare" is widely used for sewing school clothes and clothes for women. Often used to make dresses, jackets, skirts, sundresses and much more.

— this fabric is almost 100% natural cotton. Sometimes certain impurities of organic origin are added to the composition, but they only enhance the positive characteristics of cotton. Clothing made from cotton absorbs moisture well and allows air to pass through, which makes it almost indispensable in the summer. It also has good hypoallergenic properties, but with prolonged wear the color saturation may be somewhat lost. However, this drawback is more than covered by its undoubted advantages.

Natural fabric made from cotton fibers. Cotton is distinguished by its hypoallergenicity, ability to pass air well and durability. The type of fabric called "shirt" has several features. The first is the composition. This cotton will consist of 100% cotton without the addition of viscose or lycra. The second is the ability to keep its shape well, which is achieved thanks to the composition and dense weaving of the fibers. Shirt cotton is used for making blouses and, as the name suggests, for making dress and casual shirts.

Crepe- a category of fabrics, mainly silk fabrics, whose threads are produced with significant (crepe) twist, and also in some variants with special (crepe) weaves. Crepe fabrics have characteristic properties: low creasing and excellent appearance, elasticity and wear resistance, as well as good drape. To highlight and emphasize all the splendor and grace of the crepe pattern, it is most often made plain-dyed. Due to the fact that crepe threads have increased rigidity, it has the disadvantage of increased fraying.

Lightweight but fairly dense fabric with a slightly rough surface. The prefix “crepe” indicates a special method of weaving threads - first they are twisted in different directions, and then intertwined using the traditional plain method. Thanks to this technology, a durable but lightweight material is obtained. Crepe chiffon is used to make evening and summer dresses, skirts, and scarves. The fabric lends itself well to draping and is durable. Composition: 100% silk.

Corn- excellent moisture absorption is one of the main distinctive properties of the fabric. What’s interesting is that the corn dries instantly, one might say before our eyes. We also include the ability of the fabric to retain color for a long time, resistance to fading when exposed to sunlight and other external influences. It is worth highlighting its most basic advantage - it is hypoallergenic. The fabric is very pleasant and soft to the touch.

Linen is a fabric of natural origin obtained from a plant. Products made from this material have very good characteristics breathable, which is a big advantage in very hot weather, and also such things are hypoallergenic and durable. Linen retains its integrity quite well, despite frequent wear and regular washing. It is worth noting that this material is sensitive to temperatures, so you need to wash these clothes at a low temperature. hot water so that the material does not shrink.

Madonna- a fabric that is characterized by maximum breathability and consists of synthetic materials - polyester and viscose. Sometimes spandex fibers are added to the composition - this fabric will be as elastic as possible. Madonna is good because stains from the surface are easily removed due to the fact that the fabric fibers undergo special treatment. Evening dresses are made from this material when you need to create a model with heavy folds, as well as jackets and suits.

Fabric "Macaron", (also “macaroni”, “pasta”) is a fabric of plant origin, usually calico, 100% cotton. It got its name thanks to its simple design - thin lines on a light background. For a finished weaving pattern, a clear perpendicular weave of threads is necessary. The material comes out very pleasant and light. They use it for needlework, sewing children's clothes, bed linen, home costumes.

Oil is a synthetic material based on polyester and viscose. The use of these materials allows clothes made from oil to be breathable, not wrinkle, and not lose their shape for a long time. It is noteworthy that wearing such clothes in the heat allows you not only not to experience discomfort, but also to feel a feeling of freshness and coolness, which makes this fabric extremely popular among manufacturers of summer clothing.

Practical and pleasant to the touch. It is often used to sew home textiles, bathrobes, pajamas and tracksuits. The composition is usually linen, cotton or bamboo. The surface of the terry is made up of loops of warp threads. The pile can be single- or double-sided. High-quality fabric perfectly absorbs moisture, does not deform and does not require ironing. There are canvases with a relief pattern and cut pile.

Memory– a fabric that restores its shape well, does not wrinkle and has a matte shine on its front side. The polymer fibers that make up memory are responsible for the ability of the fabric to remember and restore its shape. The material has the following properties: does not allow moisture to pass through, does not stretch, and repels dirt. They make jackets, raincoats, and coats from memory. The fabric is also suitable for making skirts and suits. In this case, about 30% satin or cotton is added to its composition.

Micro oil- very similar in composition to knitted fabric. The fabric consists of: polyester 90%, viscose 5%, lycra 5%. Incredibly thin, flowing material pleasant to the body.

Mohair- a thin, silky fabric made from the wool of the Angora goat. It is used for sewing dresses, suits, sweaters and even coats. Until 1820, this fabric was available only to the Turkish Sultan, but in the mid-20th century, Angora goats began to be exported from the country and the valuable material was sold to European countries. Mohair is very light, retains heat well and has a soft shine.

Neoprene- This is a synthetic material that is made on the basis of foam rubber. IN modern world This material is used in a variety of areas, but it is most widespread in water sports, where it serves as the basis for athletes’ clothing. This is quite understandable, because this material does not allow moisture to pass through, and also allows you to retain the natural heat of the human body, regardless of temperature changes.

Nicole- a fabric that is practical and has bright colors. It consists of almost 70% polyester, which makes it wrinkle-resistant, retains its rich color and washes well. Contains elastane and viscose - the product will fit well to your figure. Sewn from Nicole fabric as summer sundresses, dresses, shorts in catchy yellow, turquoise, pink shade, and formal suits in classic gray and black.

- airy, light fabric, which, at the same time, is rigid. The material holds its shape well and can be either shiny or matte. It all depends on the composition of the fabric. “Shiny organza” is one that is made from polyester fibers that undergo additional processing. Matte fabric It is obtained from threads of viscose and silk. True, silk organza can rarely be found, since such material is very expensive. The fabric can be decorated with lurex or metallized threads. Organza is used to trim dresses, skirts and suits.

Sequin– fabric that is different sophisticated technology production and consists of several elements. The first is a base made of polyester or oil, which is responsible for the practicality of the material. Thanks to polyester, the sequin stretches well. The second element is, in fact, sequins, sparkles that are sewn to the base. They are made from plasticex or thin metal plates. Sequins may have different shapes, color and differ in degree of gloss. As for the composition, sequin fabric is usually synthetic.

To make the lining, fabrics with synthetic fibers are most often used, as they are durable. Viscose is a fabric that is used as a lining in tracksuits. Satin is considered the best option for lining coats and men's suits. Polyester is the most popular lining fabric used when sewing down jackets and jackets. Satin is an expensive fabric that is used as a lining for evening dresses, skirts and classic suits.

- fabric based on cotton. Most often, it consists of 80-90% cotton, and is supplemented with synthetic, less often silk threads. The main advantages of poplin: the fabric is highly breathable, soft to the touch, holds its shape well and does not require ironing. After several washes, poplin will not lose color or stretch. They sew dresses, shirts and jackets from this fabric - that is, practical products that should not lose their shape, but are certainly wear-resistant.

- a fabric that looks like elastic and belongs to the “knitted family”. The material is made by knitting, in which the front loops alternate with the wrong ones. Due to this, the resemblance to a small elastic band is achieved. Children's hats, home clothes, and underwear are made from ribana. Fabric composition: 100% cotton. There are also fabrics with the addition of viscose and polyester (no more than 5%).

Gozhka- a fabric that many associate with burlap. But matting is more elegant both in appearance and composition. Ideal material for sewing outerwear and for suits, dresses in the spirit of Audrey Hepburn and Coco Chanel. The fabric contains natural materials: wool, cotton, linen. 2-5% acrylic is also added to increase wear resistance. The matting holds its shape well and has a dense texture. Another feature is that the fabric does not wrinkle and does not require special care.

A non-woven material that has unique properties: retains its shape well, does not absorb moisture and has high thermal insulation characteristics. To make padding polyester, synthetic fibers or recycled materials are used. The fibers are held together by gluing or heat treatment. The density of padding polyester depends on the thickness of the layers used. The minimum density is 0.04 kg per m², and the maximum is 1.5 kg. This material is used as insulation for jackets, down jackets, and tracksuits.

Software– looking at the name, it becomes clear that this fabric is soft. Outwardly, it resembles velor, but the composition of the software is somewhat different. The fabric can consist of cotton, elastane and viscose fibers. 100% polyester is also available. The front side of the software has a relief structure and barely noticeable lint, while the back side is matte. Dresses with frills and skirts are sewn from this fabric - it lends itself well to draping, allowing you to create folds that perfectly hold their shape. The material can withstand washing at 40 degrees, the color will not fade in the sun, and you won’t have to iron soft clothes.

Light, weightless and delicate fabric that stretches well and retains its shape. Its composition is synthetic material. Stretch mesh is used to decorate wedding and evening dresses. Recently, this material has been chosen for sewing tutu skirts, as well as shapewear. Due to the fact that the material has a low density, products made from it must be washed on a delicate cycle. Fabric composition: 95% polyester and 5% elastane.

- a fabric that is distinguished by its density and glossy surface. It is made by plain weave of threads, due to which the material is distinguished by its ability to repel moisture. The dense weaving of the threads opens up another ability of the fabric - it perfectly holds its shape and forms rigid folds. Taffeta is made from polyester, viscose, acetate and cotton. Less commonly, you can find silk threads in the composition. Evening dresses and skirts are made from this fabric, and taffeta is also used to decorate blouses and trousers.

Tweed– wool fabric with good density. It is made by twill weaving thick fibers. The fabric has a textured surface, and the combination of threads different color and the method of weaving create a textured pattern with rough knots typical of tweed. Women started wearing tweed suits thanks to Coco Chanel. The famous skirt and jacket sets in pale pink, black and white were made from this natural wool fabric. Tweed has elasticity, strength, does not wrinkle, and the only drawback of the fabric is that it must be protected from moths.

tiar- the fabric from which suits are most often made, both trouser and with a skirt. The material is distinguished by a smooth, even surface with a barely noticeable diagonal scar. Most of the composition is polyester, thanks to which the tiara holds its shape well and does not wrinkle. Contains viscose and wool - these fibers add softness and make the products warm. The tiara will definitely contain elastane, which ensures the elasticity of the fabric. Most often, tiaras are used in black, brown, dark blue and gray costumes.

Thinsulate- is one of the best insulation materials for clothing today. Ultra-light material that does not absorb moisture, thanks to which it will warm you even in damp weather, and has amazing thermal insulation qualities. Thinsulate is one of the weightless insulation materials; it has the most best qualities bird's down, only after washing it will not crumple or bunch up like fluff - this is one of the most positive qualities of this insulation. Thinsulate is very effective and can keep you warm even in cold weather - 60 degrees. Care - Thinsulate items can be washed either by hand or in a machine. If you have chosen automatic washing, it is recommended to select a gentle mode: revolutions less than 600 per minute, water temperature less than 40°C, gentle spin. Even with repeated washing, things do not lose their original appearance and shape, the fabric dries very quickly.

Three-thread- thickened knitted fabric, made on the basis of kulirka (kulirki are natural materials based on cotton), the outer side is smooth, and the inner side is thick pile, which is formed as a result of knitting interlining threads on the outer side. This fabric is resistant to pilling and stretching of the material, serves for a long time and does not change shape in any way. This natural fabric, it allows air to pass through, allowing the skin to breathe, and thanks to the brushing it retains heat, making the material ideal for cold weather. The three-thread fabric is pleasant to the body and sensations. Recommended care: wash at less than 35 degrees. Fabric composition: 100% cotton.

- knitted fabric, which has its own peculiarity - the front and back sides are different in appearance. The front is a smooth fabric, soft to the touch, but the back will be distinguished by the presence of fleece, which is formed by weaving fibers of the footer (thick cotton fabric). The latter add thermal insulation properties to the material. Three-thread "Loop" is used for sewing sports suits. Fabric composition: 100% cotton.

Trick is a lightweight knitted fabric based on synthetic threads. It holds its shape perfectly, is elastic, has a smooth and shiny surface. This material absorbs moisture well and dries quickly. Stains can be easily washed off and there is no need to iron at all. As a rule, tricks are used for sewing tracksuits, tops, and leggings. There are plain and printed fabrics.

Soft, fleecy, pleasant to the touch fabric, which is popular among world designers due to its two qualities - the “ability” to retain heat well and durability. Natural angora is made from goat wool and has a silky shine. But angora knitwear refers to mixed fabrics, which include wool, viscose and polyester. The percentage of the latter, as a rule, is up to 55%. Cardigans, warm dresses with sleeves, and tracksuits are made from this fabric.

Jersey jersey - as is already clear, this is a type of knitted fabric that is knitted using the single-row weaving method, and not woven like other fabrics. How can you tell if it's a jersey? You can take the raw edge of the fabric and stretch it across the width. It should be wrapped in a roll. The composition of the fabric may include woolen threads, cotton, polyester and mixed fibers. The more elastane and synthetic fibers in the composition, the better the jersey stretches. The fabric is used to make both homewear, cardigans, dresses, sweatpants and T-shirts.

A fabric that, although it belongs to the “knitted family,” is made of synthetic fibers. It does not wrinkle, is durable, wear-resistant and has excellent elasticity. The front side of the fabric can have a shiny finish, while the back side will look like a traditional knitted fabric. Disco knitwear is used for sewing cocktail dresses, blouses, fitted skirts and overalls. Fabric composition: 95% polyester and 5% elastane. Some manufacturers add cotton fibers to the composition.

A fabric that differs in the way the threads are woven. Here the transverse thread is reinforced, and the canvas itself is distinguished by the presence of small scars, due to which the material is externally similar to rep. The “ribbed” feel is velvety, soft fabric. This knitwear does not wrinkle, quickly regains its shape, has good breathability and thermal insulation. They make dresses, trousers, and skirts from rib knitwear that fit perfectly to the figure. Fabric composition: 95% cotton and 5% lycra or 40% cotton, 30% viscose, 30% polyester.

Flannel- a very soft and fleecy type of cotton-based fabric. Widely used for making home textiles. It has a twill or plain weave of threads, a uniform two- or one-sided pile. It has excellent absorbent and heat-saving properties. It is often used in the production of bathrobes and warm pajamas. There are printed, shirting, bleached, plain-dyed and robe flannel.

Fleece- This is a synthetic material made from polyester, as well as other materials of artificial origin. Fleece material can be used as a lining and also as an outer material. Products made from fleece are quite light and dense, which makes this material indispensable in the manufacture of sportswear.

Flock- dense fabric based on polyester and cotton. It can withstand heavy loads and is often used as upholstery for upholstered furniture. In the production of the material, finely cut fibers are used, which are applied to the adhesive base using a special tool - a flocker. It creates an electrostatic field that allows tiny particles to be firmly attached.

French knitwear- knitted fabric with excellent stretchability. Knitwear is widely used in sewing all types of clothing, turtlenecks, women's dresses, suits for women, jackets, sweaters, pullovers. The loose composition gives this fabric softness. French knitwear allows human skin to breathe, protecting it from hot and cold weather.

Cotton is a natural material obtained from a plant that is used in many types of other fabrics. Cotton products are very light and pleasant to the touch, breathable, which allows you to wear these clothes even in the hottest weather. Cotton is used in a wide variety of industries - from tailoring to furniture production. It is not recommended to wash cotton items at hot temperatures, otherwise they may shrink and lose their shape.

Cotton harvester- This is 100% natural fabric. Typically used for sewing bed linen and home textiles. Crinkled fabric is obtained by special twisting of threads and heat treatment. The result is an interesting relief pattern, light fabric, breathable, pleasant to the touch. The advantage of harvester cotton is that it does not require ironing and maintains a neat appearance for a long time.

- a material that is distinguished by its ability to retain heat well. This is achieved by producing the material - synthetic fibers are twisted and combined using a thermal method. Cavities are formed inside the fibers, which retain heat. Hollofiber is non-toxic, allows air to pass through well, does not absorb odors and does not shrink when washed. It is used as insulation for jackets, down jackets, sports and ski suits.

Silk is a fabric of natural origin obtained from cocoons that are woven by silkworms. The technology for its production is quite complex, which naturally affects the cost of the final material. However, its advantages brighten up this small drawback. The fabric is very breathable, absorbs and evaporates moisture, and also has a positive effect on the human skin itself - chemical composition silk allows the epidermis to regenerate faster. In addition, silk items are reliable protectors against various ticks and lice, as well as other harmful microorganisms.

Chiffon— this material was made using natural silk, but later synthetic materials began to be used. Products made from chiffon are unusually light and airy, but their strength leaves much to be desired. However, this material is quite widely used in many fashion houses as a material for clothing.

- this is a fabric that is a mixture of cotton and viscose in a ratio of 50 to 50 (there are fabrics with 60% cotton and 40% viscose). The material itself has a fairly dense structure, but this does not affect its weight - the fabric is quite light and airy. The stack is very pleasant to the touch, not for nothing that dressing gowns were made from this material in Soviet time. The fabric may be somewhat reminiscent of wool, but its structure is more delicate and elastic.

Eco-leather is a synthetic material made from polyurethane. From the name it is clear that it is a substitute for natural leather, but, unlike leatherette, it is practically in no way inferior to it. The discovery of this material made it possible not only to save a considerable number of animals, but also to take care of the environment, because the production of natural leather is often associated with its pollution. As for the fabric itself, it is very reliable and similar genuine leather according to its characteristics.