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In December-January, an exhibition of Soviet New Year's toys was held at the "Worker and Collective Farm Woman" exhibition center near VDNKh. Story Christmas tree decorations began long before the emergence of the USSR, but it was the Soviet government that strictly contrasted the Orthodox “bourgeois-noble” Christmas with the Soviet “atheistic” New Year, along with all the inherent holiday attributes. But, despite the changed semantic content of the holiday, the connection with the traditions of decorating christmas tree not lost. Thus, thanks to Soviet ideology, an original and distinctive Christmas tree toy appeared, constituting a bright layer of the cultural heritage of the Soviet era. Each episode Christmas decorations was created under the influence of important historical events, so you can easily trace the history of the great country.

Green beauties were decorated with papier-mâché toys even before the revolution. Balls with stars, a sickle and a hammer appeared later, in the late 30s of the last century. Then toys in the form of stars and astronauts, glass corn and even an Olympic bear were hung on the Christmas trees. In general, all the symbols of our history are collected here. The exhibition features Christmas tree decorations with Soviet symbols: balls with a star, hammer and sickle, toys symbolizing achievements in the field of aeronautics - airships with the inscription "USSR". Almost all the toys at the exhibition are handmade. They were produced in a handicraft and semi-handicraft way. Therefore, even if they were the same shape, all the figures were painted by hand and in different ways, with different colors, with different ornaments. The exhibition, of course, would not be complete without Father Frost and the Snow Maiden, Christmas tree decorations in the form of birds, animals, cones, icicles and glass garlands.

Mounted Christmas tree decorations from the 1920s to the 50s were made by assembling glass tubes and beads using wire. Mounted toys in the form of pendants, parachutes, balloons, airplanes, stars. The technology for making mounting Christmas tree decorations came to us from Bohemia, where they appeared at the end of the 19th century.

The theme of musical instruments is reflected in Christmas tree decorations from the 1940s to the 60s. Christmas tree decorations in the form of mandolins, violins, and drums are distinguished by their perfect shape and unique hand-painting.

With the release of the film "The Circus" in 1937, all kinds of clowns, elephants, bears and other circus-themed toys gained great popularity.

The animal world around us is reflected in Christmas tree decorations - bears, bunnies, squirrels, foxes, birds give the New Year tree a special charm. Released in the 1950-60s of the last century.

The Christmas tree decorations also reflected undersea world- all kinds of fish with bright tints of color and unusual shape. Released in the 1950s-70s of the last century.

At the end of the 30s, a series of Christmas tree decorations were released on oriental theme. Here is Aladdin, and old Hottabych, and oriental beauties... These toys are distinguished by oriental filigree forms and hand painting.

Which New Year without a snowy hut, a Christmas tree in the forest and Santa Claus. The sculptural forms of the huts and the stylization of a roof covered with shiny snow create a unique New Year's mood. Released in the 1960s and 70s.

Christmas tree decorations depicting household items - teapots, samovars - began to appear in the 1940s. They are distinguished by fluidity of form and hand-painting with bright colors.

Santa Clauses made of papier-mâché and cotton wool were the base figures of the Christmas tree assortment in the 1940s-60s. They were called stand-shaped because they were mounted on a wooden stand and installed under the tree. Since the late 1960s, with the development of plastic and rubber production in the USSR, stand figures were made from these materials in a wider range.

And with the release of the film "Carnival Night" in 1956, "Clock" toys were released with hands set to 5 minutes to midnight.

Symbols of the Soviet state appeared on Christmas tree decorations in the 1920s and 30s. These were balls with stars, a sickle and a hammer, “Budenovtsy”.

With the development of astronautics and Yu. Gagarin's flight into space, a series of Cosmonauts toys was released in the 1960s. Christmas tree decorations with a sports theme were released in honor of the 1980 Olympics held in Moscow. A special place among them is occupied by the “Olympic Bear” and the “Olympic Flame”.

Christmas tree decorations “Tops” in the shape of a lance are associated with the design of military helmets from the times of the Kaiser’s Germany: lance-shaped tops for Christmas trees were made there. The Christmas tree toy "Bell" was produced in the 1970s. Thick glass jewelry was made in the first half of the 20th century. Since the glass in those days was thick, with a lead coating on the inside, the weight of the toys was quite significant. Mostly toys depict owls, leaves, balls.

In the early 1950s, Christmas tree decorations associated with China were released - lanterns stylized as Chinese and with the inscription "Beijing" or simply painted in different variations. Interior items (lamps), nesting dolls and children's toys were also reflected in the form of Christmas tree decorations of the 1950s and 60s.

The Christmas tree decorations presented in the exhibition are made using the Dresden cartonage technique, which appeared at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Factories in Dresden and Leipzig produced embossed figures glued together from two halves of convex cardboard, tinted with gold or silver paint. Dresden craftsmen were famous for their particular variety, elegance and finesse of work.

Christmas tree decorations from papier-mâché were made until the middle of the 20th century (papier-mâché is paper pulp mixed with glue, plaster or chalk and coated with Berthollet salt for shine and density). Mostly the figurines depicted people, animals, birds, mushrooms, fruits and vegetables. Toys made from laminated cardboard depict houses, lanterns, bonbonnieres, baskets, etc. They are made using the following technology: cardboard is cut out along the cutting contour using die-cutting tools and glued with wood glue. The finishing materials are different types of paper and textiles. Flag garlands were very popular in the 1930s and 40s. They were made of colored paper with a printed multi-color design.

The cardboard Christmas tree decorations presented in the exhibition are made using the “Dresden cartonage” technique, which appeared at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In our country, after 1920, cardboard Christmas tree decorations were made in private workshops and consisted of two pieces of cardboard glued together with a slight convexity in the form of a pattern. They were covered with foil, silver or colored, and then spray painted with powder paints. As a rule, the figures depicted Russian heroes folk tales“Kolobok”, “Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka”, “At the command of the pike...”, as well as animals, fish, butterflies, birds, cars, ships, stars, etc. Cardboard Christmas tree decorations were produced in the USSR until the 1980s.

Toys in the form of fruits and berries (grapes, raspberries, strawberries, peaches, lemons) were made after the Great Patriotic War. In the sixties, during the reign of Khrushchev, agricultural-themed toys predominated: eggplants, tomatoes, onions, beans, peas, tomatoes, carrots and corn, cobs of all sizes and colors.

The first Christmas tree “traffic lights” of the 1930s were made for educational purposes, precisely repeating the location of the signal by color. But the “traffic lights”, which were released in the 1960s, have only a decorative purpose - the signals light up in random order. Silver hoof, three girls at the window, Chernomor - characters from famous fairy tales. These toys were released in the 1960s and 70s.

A series of Christmas tree decorations based on the fairy tale "Cipollino" by J. Rodari was released in the 1960s, when the book was translated into Russian. Ruler Lemon, Cipollino, Cipollone, lawyer Green Peas, Doctor Artichoke and other characters - these toys are distinguished by sculpture and realistic painting.

Aibolit, the owl Bumba, the monkey Chichi, the pig Oink-Oink, the dog Ava, the sailor Robinson, the parrot Carudo, the Lion - characters from the fairy tale "Aibolit". Issued in the 1930-60s.

What’s good about Christmas tree toys is that they require little material to make, because they can be made even from very small scraps and scraps left over after working on other toys.

An example of such a Christmas tree toy is a toy owl with colorful feathers. So, if you have accumulated a lot of scraps, you can start making it.

To make a soft Christmas tree toy “Owl with colorful feathers” you will need:

- any black fabric;
- scraps of fleece or felt in dark brown, light brown, black, white and yellow flowers(you can use scraps of other colors)
- sequins and beads in green or any other color;
- threads of white, yellow, black and green colors;
- needle;
- scissors
- cotton wool or padding polyester
- a narrow satin ribbon of light green color.

The procedure for making the Christmas tree toy “Owl with colorful feathers”

1. Let's draw a toy pattern on paper. We need to draw the main detail of a round shape, a spot under the eye oval shape, a round eye, a triangular beak, feathers for the head and body of a triangular shape.

2. Cut out the necessary parts from the fabric - two main parts from black fabric, two parts of a beak from black fleece, four parts of feathers for the head from dark brown fleece, two parts of spots under the eyes from yellow fleece or felt, two parts of eyes from white felt or fleece.

3. From dark brown and light brown fleece we will cut out the feathers with which we will trim our toy.

4. Sew the main parts along the edge using a line seam, leaving a hole through which we can then turn this part inside out and stuff it with cotton wool.

5. Sew together the details of the yellow spots and eyes cut from white felt or fleece. From black felt or fleece, cut out two parts of the pupil in the form of two circles with a diameter of 2 cm each.

6. Sew together the details of the feathers for the head in pairs. We will sew the feathers together using a loop stitch and black or brown threads.

7. Sew two parts of the beak along the edge with black threads using a buttonhole stitch.

8. Turn the main part right side out, stuff it with padding polyester or cotton wool and sew up the hole through which we turned and stuffed this part.

9. At the top of the toy we will sew feathers made from dark brown fleece.

10. Sew on our owl a forelock from light brown fleece feathers. Then we will sew a row of light brown feathers at the bottom of the toy.

11. Above this row we will sew a row of dark brown feathers, and above that a row of light brown feathers.

12. Above a row of light brown fleece feathers, sew a beak made of black felt or fleece.

13. At the top of the toy we will sew eyes, pre-sewn from yellow, white and black fabric. We will decorate the eyes along the edges - sew on green sequins and beads. This way our owl will turn out more elegant and festive.

15. Let's make a loop for our toy so that it can be hung on spruce branch. To do this, let's take a narrow satin ribbon light green (or any other color), cut a piece of it 19 cm long. Fold this piece in half and carefully sew it to the back side of the toy.

Our Christmas tree toy. This toy can be made not only in brown tones. An owl can also be sewn from scraps of any other color, for example, combining green and yellow, blue and orange, white and black. If you want your toy to be brighter, you can sew a sequin with beads onto each feather.

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My Family Garden
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With age, sometimes an irresistible desire arises to remember your childhood, to feel some nostalgia for the times of the USSR. For some reason, the New Year in the Soviet style most reminds those over thirty of times that, despite the shortage, you remember with rapture of the heart, considering them the best.

Nowadays there is a growing tendency to celebrate the New Year in the style of the USSR. It’s no longer surprising to see a Christmas tree decorated according to the American model in three colors. More and more I want to decorate the Christmas tree with old Soviet toys. And be sure to put cotton wool simulating snow and tangerines under it.

Variety of Christmas tree decorations

Often the Christmas tree in Soviet families was decorated with an abundance of toys and decorations. Special attention deserve clothespin toys, which are very convenient to attach to the middle Christmas tree branch. They were presented in all sorts of forms: Santa Claus, Snowman, Snow Maiden, candle, matryoshka.

The balls, as now, were different sizes, but the unique highlight was in the balls with round hollows, into which the light of the garlands fell, creating a fabulous illumination throughout the Christmas tree. There were also phosphor patterned balls that glowed in the dark.

Since the New Year begins at midnight, toys in the form of watches were produced. They were given a central place on the tree. Often, such Soviet Christmas tree decorations were hung at the very top, just below the top of the head, which was certainly decorated with a red star - the main Soviet symbol.

Christmas decorations of those times were also represented by decorations made from large glass beads and beads. They were usually hung on the lower or middle branches. Old Soviet toys, especially pre-war ones, are carefully stored and passed on from grandmothers to grandchildren.

From icicles, houses, clocks, animals, balls, stars, a unique design was made.

Was it raining?

There was no such fluffy and voluminous rain as there is now during Soviet socialism. The Christmas tree was decorated with vertical rain and beads. A little later, horizontal rain appeared, but it was not thick and voluminous. Some voids on the tree were filled with garlands and candies.

Feel the atmosphere for a few days Soviet Union you can use a Christmas tree decorated in retro style. Unique Soviet-era Christmas tree decorations, decorations and tinsel should be looked for in the bins of our grandmothers or purchased at city flea markets. By the way, auctions and online stores are being created online for the purchase, sale and exchange of Christmas tree decorations from the USSR era. Some even collect such toys, many of which are already considered antiques.

All that remains is to decorate the Christmas tree with old Soviet toys, turn on the Irony of Fate and for a second remember your childhood.