1 month old baby needs development. What should a one month old baby know? Needed to change a diaper

1. DEVELOPMENT OF THE INFANT AT 1 MONTH OF LIFE

In the first 2-3 months of life, a small person develops rapidly . More recently, the baby could not hold his head, and after a few months, the little explorer easily raises his upper body, leaning on strong arms!

Consider the features of the vision of 1 month old baby:

A few days after birth, it is still difficult for the baby to focus and keep his eyes on the object. But after a week, the baby has these skills perfectly, although objects that are too close or far from his eyes do not have clear outlines. newborn baby He sees well objects that are at a distance of about 30 centimeters from him. If you showing a toy , then try to bring it closer to this distance. Smiling, lean closer to the baby's face so that he can see your joy and positive emotions.

Now consider the development of hearing in baby:

The auditory nerve develops very gradually and it is premature to talk about good hearing in a child under 1 year old. In the first weeks of life, the baby hears sounds and spoken language is not very clear, a little muffled, as if he is in the womb. Try to communicate with your child more often, turn on calm, melodic music in his room more often.

Sing lullabies before bed. It is not at all necessary to behave very quietly in the presence of a sleeping baby and create pitch silence - if he reacts sensitively to every knock, then his nervous system will be unstable. Develop your baby's hearing by surrounding him with a variety of sounds (not too loud or harsh).

What will be the child already in 1 month after birth:

IMPORTANT!

Baby care:

Be sure to hold the baby's head when he is in your arms! The head of the crumbs should not be thrown back;

At this age, you can not lift the baby , taking him by the handles;

In the first month of a child's life, it is advisable to hold it as follows: the body lies on one hand, while the head rests in the elbow area, and with the other hand you hold the legs;

Massage. It is very useful to massage the breast and back of the baby pads of fingers in a circular motion. In addition, massage the baby's legs and arms, as well as each finger individually;

Since the movements of a child at 1 month are largely limited, sweat often appears in some folds of the skin, which irritates the skin, causing prickly heat in the form of a small rash. . Try to wipe sweaty folds more often to avoid sweating , and in the worst case, pustules on the skin;

Clean the ears and nose, wash the eyes, hands and between the fingers, preferably in the morning, when the baby wakes up, eats and rests.

Why does a baby cry. 3 common reasons:

Discomfort and irritation of the skin from rough underwear or from the seams of the vest. You should change clothes to softer ones and put on a plowing on the body of the crumbs with the seams out;

The kid "went to the toilet for the most part". Change his diapers and he will calm down;

Crying because he's thirsty or it's time to feed. Offer the little one a drink and try to feed him.

2. WHAT A CHILD SHOULD KNOW AT 1 MONTH OF LIFE

√ focuses on a nearby object, and by the end of the first month, tracks a slowly moving object;

√ by the end of the first month, he can raise his head while lying on his tummy;

√ can distinguish between patterns and contrasting colors;

√ should be able to suckle the breast for a long time (sucking reflex);

√ if you put a toy in the pen , spontaneously compress it, but almost immediately unclench it (grasping reflex);

√ closer to 2 months already knows how to walk;

√ can turn in the direction of the sound he hears or stroking on the cheek (on the right side, it will turn to the right);

√ should be supported by the entire surface of the foot, if you put it on its legs, holding it by the sides;

√ if you press on the pillow thumb baby, he will open his mouth slightly and tilt his head slightly (after a few months this reflex will be lost).

3. WAKE AND SLEEP MODE FOR A ONE-MONTH-OLD BABY

An approximate daily routine for an infant in the first month after birth:

The daily routine for a child in 1 month of life consists of the two most important components - nutrition and sleep, between which it is necessary to maintain appropriate intervals.

How much sleep Small child in this age?

Up to 3 months of age, he sleeps an average of 18 hours. daily - a long sleep at night up to 9 hours with a break for feeding and 4 short daytime sleeps.

How do you know when it's time for your baby to sleep?

It's time for the baby to go to bed if he rubs his eyes with his hands. The eyes become red;

The baby begins to yawn, move his arms and legs more intensively, whimper;

In some children, movements become sluggish, he begins to close his eyes and make sucking movements with his lips.

What can be done if infant sleeping badly:

Turn on calm, quiet music or the sounds of murmuring water recorded on the carrier, other monotonous sounds of nature;

In order for the baby to have a sound sleep, you can ventilate and humidify the nursery;

Before the baby sleeps, make his bed warmer - it is not comfortable for the baby to fall asleep on a cold sheet;

Bathing in warm water with fixation of the head in a special circle - a great way to quickly put the child to bed after the procedure. Relaxing herbs can be added to the bath - hawthorn, chamomile or mint;

Do not turn on bright lights in his room. The best option- a small nightlight;

If the child constantly sleeps poorly and does not get enough sleep regularly, then try adjusting your diet. . Some foods cause colic and bloating when they enter the baby's stomach with mother's milk. Increased gas formation prevents him from sleeping normally;

Always put your baby to bed at the same time with the same bedtime routine.

4. ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL NUTRITION OF 1 MONTHLY CHILD

natural feeding baby

The ideal food for a one-month-old baby is mother's milk, which contains a balanced amount of nutrients and regulates the colonization of the intestines with microflora . In addition, breast milk supports immunity in children's body. If you are experiencing lactation problems or your milk is not nutritious enough, you will need to include infant formula in your diet. In extreme cases (if lactation has completely stopped), it is necessary to completely transfer the baby to artificial nutrition.

To prevent lactation problems from affecting you, try to apply crumbs to your chest as often as possible. When he sucks breast milk , then the production of the lactase enzyme is stimulated and the milk is secreted in the volume necessary for feeding. Sometimes breast baby begins to fall asleep during feeding. In this case, it is advisable to wake the baby so that he continues to eat.

If the baby spit up often during feeding , then most likely he incorrectly captures the nipple with his mouth, swallowing air at the same time.

Artificial feeding of the baby

If you still had to transfer the child to feeding with adaptive mixtures, then be sure to follow the instructions for preparing a portion for feeding. If the food is cooked incorrectly, then the work of the gastrointestinal tract of the baby can be upset, which can lead to weight gain. profuse regurgitation or bloating.

The temperature of the mixture must not exceed 36 C

Average 1 month old baby eats about 730 ml if its weight is 3600 gr.

In the first ten days after birth, the number of feedings can reach up to 10. On average, a child in 1 month of life eats 7-8 times, including night feeding.

If the baby spit up profusely during artificial feeding , then most likely the bottle for filling with the mixture is incorrectly selected.

The consistency of the stool in an infant in the first month of life:

In the first few days, the child's stool - 3-4 times a day, the selection of dark green maconium

Then - a chair with a curdled consistency mustard color with a sweet smell 4-6 times a day.

Your baby's stool may have red streaks. This symptom may indicate the presence of microcracks in the colon. Usually there is nothing dangerous for the health of the child, but if you are not sure, then be sure to consult a specialist for advice.

5. WEIGHT AND HEIGHT OF CHILDREN IN THE FIRST MONTH OF LIFE

It is known that infants gain weight very actively in the first month of life (with the exception of 2-4 days after birth, when the baby loses about 7% of its own weight). Nevertheless, many children, even during this period of active growth and development, gain weight very slowly and this characteristic feature is due to heredity - if both mom and dad are not large in size, then the baby, as a rule, is not very large from birth . But a slight weight gain (or even a decrease) at 1 month of life may indicate that the baby does not receive enough nutrients during feeding or weight gain is holding back any disease.

The norm of weight of 1 month old boy is from 3.7 to 5.2 kg
The norm of the weight of a one-month-old girl is from 3.5 to 4.8 kg

The growth of boys at this age is approximately 52-56.5 cm
And the height of girls is 50-56 cm

On average, the baby gains about 630 grams of its own weight up to 2 months of life, and growth increases 3-4 cm after birth.

Be sure to contact your pediatrician if you find significant abnormalities in weight gain. and growth of the baby.

6. VIDEO MATERIAL FOR PARENTS: WE MASSAGE THE BABY CORRECTLY

How to massage a child in 1 month of life? visual demonstration massage movements for arms, legs, chest and back of the chest:

4 stages of complex massage for a newborn baby in a video lesson:

#A newborn baby is an amazing creature. Weak and helpless, he is able to endure stress that would overwhelm an adult with relative ease. Is it a joke - to suddenly find yourself in a completely unfamiliar external environment, and even if necessary, instantly switch to new way respiration, circulation, and then nutrition!

The newborn is very small, but in this small fragile body there is a powerful potential for growth. His digestive organs are able to absorb 600-700 g of mother's milk per day, but this is a fifth of his body weight!

A newborn comes into the world with a sufficient supply of expedient reflexes. As soon as you touch his lips with your finger, he will stretch them out with his proboscis, preparing to suck. Drop some sweet solution on the child's tongue, and he will begin to draw it in, smack his lips, and in response to sour, salty or bitter, he will wrinkle, scream, try to clear his throat. A loud sudden sound will make him alert - the child will wrinkle his forehead, as if listening, get worried. The baby distinguishes smells and recognizes his mother by the smell of milk, associated for him with pleasant sensations.

But the most amazing thing is that the newborn is already an individual, already a character!

Perhaps, to begin with, one should learn the truth that a child is not an adult in miniature, but has its own very specific characteristics that must be taken into account. Each age has its own characteristics.

You can evaluate yourself mental development your child. For example, check for the presence of basic reflexes:

- "plantar" reflex - you run your finger along the sole, and the child pulls the leg back,

- "sucking" reflex - you run your finger over the child's lips, and he readily folds his lips with a tube and smacks his lips, makes sucking movements,

- "grasping" reflex - you put the tip of your finger in the child's hand, and he squeezes it tightly.

If the listed (quite funny) reflexes are present, your child is normal.

Remember that the character of a child is formed from the first days of his life - in communication with you. The formation of character begins with conditioned reflexes: positive and negative. The concern of parents is that there should be more positive conditioned reflexes, and naturally fewer negative ones. Positive conditioned reflexes arise for regular meals, regular hygiene procedures, communication, caresses. In everything that concerns the child, order, regime should be felt. The child must feel cared for.

But if you are inconsistent, irritable, and sometimes even angry (after all, it happens that you don’t want to get up at night to swaddle a child, and even if you, dad, go to work early in the morning), then the child will develop a nervous character - and this will interfere him (and not only him) all his life.

In the very first days, as you came home from the hospital, you and your child will definitely be visited by a nurse and a local pediatrician. Feel free to ask them any questions you may have regarding your child and their care.

In the first year of life, it does not hurt to control weight gain on your own using a table in which the abscissa axis is the weight of the child in grams, and the ordinate axis is months or weeks of life. Normally, the curved line that you get on this table should be smooth - without sharp jumps up or down. If for several days the line is kept at the same level, do not worry. When a child is healthy, when he has a good appetite, he will gain the desired weight.

Pediatricians determine the individual due weight of the child, resorting to all sorts of wise formulas and calculations. It is enough for parents to know that their child in the first three months of life with normal development should gain from 20 to 30 grams of weight daily.

Don't overfeed your kids. A fat child does not mean beautiful. Being overweight is not a guarantee against disease.

As a rule, young mothers and fathers at first are afraid to even take a newborn in their arms. And this is no coincidence. They don't know how to properly take a baby. He is so fragile and delicate, small.

You can not lift the child by the hands.

You can not hold the child so that his head is thrown back. The child's head must be supported.

It is not difficult to learn how to hold a child correctly: the child practically lies on your left hand, and the head is held by the elbow; right hand you support the legs.

In other words: it is necessary that the baby's body has three places of support - the back of the head, at the level of the shoulder blades and at the level of the pelvis.

From the very first days, you do not need to nurse a child - you should not, without special need, take him in your arms, rock him, lull him to sleep. The child quickly gets used to such treatment and can no longer live without it, demands it, is capricious. And if the mother, otherwise busy, cannot nurse him again, the child goes into all serious trouble - raises a cry. Like it or not, you have to give in.

No need to panic at the first cry of a child. Come and find out the reason for crying.

There are not many reasons for the crying of a newborn and a child in the first months of life:

The child "went" into diapers,

The child feels discomfort (for example, the seams of the undershirt are pressed),

The child is hungry or thirsty.

In the first case, the child must be swaddled. In the second case, reconsider his clothes (experienced mothers know, of course, that undershirts are worn inside out - with the seams outward so that they do not rub or press on the delicate skin of the child). Well, in the third case - you just need to look at the clock, if it's time to feed your baby. Understand. Maybe your child is just thirsty. Give him boiled water from a teaspoon or sweet tea.

If you continue to ignore it, then irritation under the influence of new sweat may increase. When an infection joins, even pustules occur. And this is already serious complication. To prevent it, remove sweat from time to time with a napkin.

If you are monitoring a child's weight on a chart, then remember that the weight curve should rise slowly and smoothly. By the end of the first month of life, the baby should weigh about four kilograms. But don't worry if it weighs three and a half kilograms. It is necessary to take into account individual characteristics.

The same goes for growth. A normal full-term baby has an average length of fifty centimeters. In the first few months of life, the child grows by five centimeters. But if you find out that someone's child is bigger, don't worry.

If you notice such a hernia, consult your local pediatrician immediately. There are cases - you have to do an operation, but most often the hernia is eliminated by itself, when the child gains weight in a few months and when the adipose tissue develops more strongly.

Never forget that the skin of children is very delicate, and the child himself is still weak in order to successfully withstand some adverse external factors. It is impossible to lightly leave the child to lie on the wet for a long time - in wet diapers; from this, diaper rash may appear on the baby's body. Appear diaper rash in the form of redness of the skin. The skin is inflamed, very sensitive, painful. The child is naturally restless, crying. If appropriate measures are not taken, blisters may form at the site of redness. The blisters then burst, and the picture emerges from an unpleasant one.

How to prevent mischief:

Strive to swaddle the baby on time;

Pay attention to the quality of washing diapers (there may be uric acid residues in the fabric, which, even with dry diapers, can irritate delicate skin).

If your child has a tendency to diaper rash, when changing it, wipe it with a clean, damp cloth - wipe the wet places, and treat the diaper rash areas with a greasy baby cream.

One of the features of the first month is scabs on the scalp. Scabs occur with an excess of secretions from the skin glands. The discharge dries up, and then it is not easy to remove them. Scabs are yellowish, sometimes translucent, sometimes scaly, and scaly.

In no case should you clean the child's head of these scabs too actively, since this can injure the skin and introduce an infection. Even the smallest infection is fraught with danger to the child - he is still so weak. Scabs are removed with a cotton swab with sterilized vegetable oil after bathing the child.

Do not leave the child to lie in one position for a long time. He is still small and cannot turn around on his own. From lying down for a long time without changing position, the child's muscles get tired, and the child begins to worry. In addition, prolonged lying in one position, especially in the first months of life, adversely affects the formation of the child's head. For example, if a child constantly lies on his back, then over time his head may be with a slightly sloping nape. This is due to the fact that the "fontanelles" - the growth zone - are still open on the child's head, the skull is plastic.

Hearing of a newborn baby in the first month of life

Some young parents from the first day, as soon as they bring the child from the hospital, walk around the apartment on tiptoe, afraid to disturb the newborn. Perhaps this is redundant. In the first few days after birth - about a week - the child still does not hear very well. The auditory nerve develops completely during the entire first year of life. Accordingly, the baby's hearing develops gradually.

From the first day of life, pay attention to your baby's hearing. It has been established with certainty that the child still in the womb hears sounds - muffled, of course - the sounds of music, voices. By the way, the child already distinguishes the mother's voice from others: this voice is heard louder to him; the child perceives it not only with the organ of hearing, but also with the body - the so-called tissue conduction (do you know how Beethoven listened to music when he became completely deaf? He listened to music with his body - hugging the piano). When the baby is born and brought to you for the first time, he already recognizes your voice. This voice is his own. Talk to him more often. And remember: from the first days, a child already distinguishes intonations well, he will distinguish an affectionate tone from a strict one.

As for the development of hearing (not only physiological, but also musical), try to have your child, on the recommendation of some authors, "bath in sound." Of course, these "baths" should be carried out when the child is awake. In the first month of life, your baby sleeps almost all the time, but now he has grown a little, and more and more often the time for communication comes. Talk to the baby, develop his hearing; let music sound in your house at such moments - quiet calm music, something from the classics, with an easily guessed melodic pattern.

The vision of a newborn baby at first

month of life

The eyes, as a complex optical device, are also not yet fully developed in a newborn. It has been established, and you yourself will notice that in the first days the child cannot yet fix his gaze. Soon the baby will already be able to cope with this matter, but for some time he will not be able to readjust to close and distant objects. He seems to see at the same distance. And this distance is 25-30 cm. Hence the recommendations ...

If you want to show something to your baby - a bright toy, for example - hold it in front of him at a distance of 25-30 cm. ), come closer to the child at a distance of 25-30 cm.

When a child sees your face, let him see an affectionate smile. In this case, he feels protected, and his mood will be better. The kid understands everything. “Understanding” is provided by instincts. They are like an “autopilot” for him in a sea of emotions and sensations.

Touch of a newborn in the first month of life

From the first days of life, a child discovering the world should involve all the senses. We have already spoken about auditory and visual impressions. The organs of smell and taste in a child are also quite developed and "work" - this has been established experimentally. Now about the sense of touch... When a child is awake, he needs to feel his body, to feel touches on his body. This is important for the correct formation of the organs of perception, and for the subsequent correct orientation in space. If the child does not sleep, mess with him more. He likes it, it's good for him.

Swaddling a newborn

Not for the first year, pediatricians and orthopedists have been telling parents that it is impossible to swaddle a child tightly, with outstretched legs, as if at attention. Recently, this call has become especially relevant, because children are more likely to have dysplasia - underdevelopment of the hip joint. The defect itself is small, outwardly completely invisible, but if it progresses, a dislocation of the hip joint may occur. And this will require long-term treatment, in advanced cases, even surgery.

It is very simple to create conditions so that dysplasia does not progress: the so-called wide swaddling will help. The position with slightly spread hips is natural, physiological for the child, it creates favorable conditions for proper development hip joints.

Various panties have been invented for wide swaddling, but it is quite possible to get by with an ordinary flannel diaper, folding it several times along and laying it between the legs of the child, under the diaper. Or, even simpler: using as a diaper not a small diaper, as usual, but a large one.

Breastfeeding a newborn

Is it necessary to prove that breastfeeding is the best? It was out of competition when it could only be replaced with cow's milk, it remains out of competition even now, when there are many powdered milk mixtures made using advanced technologies. In these mixtures, the chemical composition women's milk, they are enriched with vitamins and other useful additives. This is a fairly complete food for a child. But it's just food. And mother's milk is more than food. It has something that is not and cannot be in artificial mixtures: biologically active substances, hormones, antibodies that protect against diseases. Recently, studies have been carried out that have shown that antibodies appear in mother's milk against the pathogen that caused the baby's illness.

But, moreover, breastfeeding is of great psychological importance for both: mother and child are one here. After cutting the umbilical cord, a lively warm stream of milk that flows from mother to child binds them again, helping to mutual understanding.

Although the sucking reflex is dominant and is still formed in utero, not all children take the breast well right away. Difficulties may arise if the mother's nipples are flat, not prominent enough. Such nipples are supposed to be prepared for feeding even during pregnancy, several times a day, carefully pulling them out with your fingers. The same must be done before each feeding, and starting to feed, slightly squeeze the breast at the edge of the areola (nipple circle) with the middle and index fingers - the nipple will move forward and it will be easier to put it into the child's mouth. It is necessary to invest not only the nipple, but also the areola - so the baby will swallow less air, and this is the prevention of regurgitation. The mother's breast may also be too tight for your baby. You can help by expressing the first drops of milk. Sometimes it becomes uncomfortable for a child to suckle simply because the mother does not know to lift her chest with her hand, and she closes her nose, making it difficult to breathe. It happens that the mother hugs the baby too tightly to herself, and this makes him reflexively throw his head back.

Pediatricians have long noted that among babies, actively sucking and lazy ones stand out clearly. The active one, having made several search movements with his head, finds the nipple himself, sucks rhythmically, without interruption, and having “obtained” what he is supposed to, releases the nipple himself and falls asleep. The lazy one (this is more often weakened, and not just phlegmatic), after sucking for several minutes, begins to doze at the chest, occasionally making sluggish and unproductive sucking movements in a dream. This one has to be encouraged to eat, to stir up, wake up, patting on the cheek, sometimes even undress for a minute, so that he finally wakes up and begins to eat.

A great connoisseur of all the intricacies of feeding, Professor A.F. Tour also singled out a group of children who seem to be afraid of the breast - they will suck a little and lean back with a grimace, almost expressing disgust. Perhaps this is a gourmet who does not like the smell of milk that appeared after mom ate onions, garlic or some kind of spicy greens. It’s better not to eat anything so “smelly” at first, but to try later, little by little, checking the reaction of the child. Refuse from such clearly allergenic foods as citrus fruits, chocolate, strawberries.

Normally, feeding lasts 15-20 minutes, but in the first days, while the details of this procedure are being worked out, it can take up to half an hour.

The ideal rhythm of feeding is six times a day, every three and a half hours with a mandatory night break. However, a child born with a low body weight (below three kilograms) is desirable to feed seven times with three-hour breaks, and maybe more often. You can meet him halfway and feed him at night, in general, feed not clockwise, but according to need.

A child born with a body weight of more than four kilograms is a candidate for fat men, do not overfeed this. As a rule, babies do not suck more than they need from the chest, but large children sometimes initially have an increased appetite. If such an assumption arose, it is necessary to determine how much he sucks by weighing before and after feeding. And if it turns out that more than 120-130 g, then additional feedings should not be allowed.

After feeding, hold the baby upright for a few minutes so that he burps air - this will reduce the likelihood of spitting up. And after that, be sure to put it on the barrel, because if he still burps, then in the position on his back he can choke.

First weeks breastfeeding- time of concessions, compromises, mutual adaptation. Feeding can turn out to be somewhat chaotic, but by the end of the month, a rhythm close to the generally accepted one should nevertheless form, and with a correction made by the characteristics of the child.

What is natural and what is disturbing

If an abscess appears on the body, which looks like a bubble filled with a yellowish liquid, with a red rim, and, even more so, if there are several such abscesses, this may be the beginning of a purulent-inflammatory disease. Call a doctor, and quickly!

In medicine, there is the concept of "entrance gate of infection." In a newborn, an umbilical wound is often made with such a “gate”. If, after the crust has fallen off, its bottom remains wet, oozing, a doctor or nurse should take care of the navel. Before they arrive, you can only drop a little 3% hydrogen peroxide into the wound, and when it foams, dry it with a clean, sterile cotton wick.

Sudden sudden changes in a child's behavior can be alarming if, for example, he, who always sucked willingly, suddenly stubbornly refuses to eat. Or, previously relatively calm, he begins to cry incessantly, even screaming, not calming down either after being swaddled, or from warmth, or in his arms, or with a pacifier, or after eating. And if he also does not eat - even more so! Of course, this can happen with healthy child, but it is better not to take risks, not to speculate, but to consult a doctor. This is the rule forever!

What should a newborn be able to do by the end of the first month of life?

By the end of 1 month of life, a newborn:

Starts and blinks at a sharp sound.

For example, from 9-11 days old, the child already distinguishes sounds, reacting with crying to sharp, loud ones, but does not yet listen to them. He begins to listen between 3 and 5 weeks of age. The kid calms down with a strong sound (auditory concentration reaction) for 10-15 seconds, listens to the voice of an adult, the sound of a toy.

Keeps an immovable object in the field of view, i.e. capable of visual focus.

By 20-22 days, uncoordinated movements of the eyeballs disappear. Visual concentration occurs for 15-30 days, the delay in looking at something else is short-term. The baby fixes with his gaze for 5-10 seconds a motionless object located in his field of vision at a distance of 40-50 centimeters. General movements are still inhibited. The kid is still far-sighted, and you should not fix his gaze on objects located closer than half a meter, otherwise he will squint with his eyes in order to examine an object or toy.

In the supine position, raises and holds the head for 5-20 seconds.

For example, already on the 8th - 10th day, the child tries to raise his head if he is placed on his tummy, and at the age of two weeks he turns it towards the sound source.

During this period, the first smile appears in response to the addressed speech.

A smile is a call for mutual understanding, an invitation to communication, an expression of positive emotions!

The baby can make separate sounds in response to a conversation, sometimes the reaction is still delayed by a few seconds.

For example, some babies, as early as a few hours after birth, can imitate if someone sticks out their tongue or opens their mouth. At the very beginning, the child cries or screams, then begins to make throat sounds, which are less and less by the month. In the second month, the baby will begin to make sounds reminiscent of “a”, “kh”, “ah”, etc. When the baby is sleeping, you can often hear soft snore or even “snoring”.

The movements are not yet coordinated.

For example, already on the first day of life in a healthy newborn, more than 170, and on the 10th day of life, more than 550 individual and general movements per minute are recorded! Of course, we are talking about immature, uncoordinated movements that are the result of excitation of the immature centers of the brain. But all these movements are very important for the development of the child!

Baby at 1 month

Height and weight of a child at 1 month

During the first month of life, the child gains an average of about 600 g of weight and 3 cm of height, in the second month you can already expect a larger increase - about 800 g or more, the child will again grow by about 3 cm. The average height of a child at the age of 1 month is 54- 55 cm.

More norms physical development are described in centile tables: for boys, for girls.

What can a baby in 1 month

The first month of your baby's life has flown by - the most painful and terrible. Now the baby is already 1 month old, and he enters the second month with a smile. There was a smile before, but that smile was involuntary - the child reacted to sensations that were comfortable for him. At 4-5 weeks, the baby begins to smile "for real" - reacting to your kind words.

By this time, the baby can usually hold the head upright for a short time. It can hold your face or a bright toy in the field of view for a long time, it turns towards the sound source. The first cooing appears, facial expressions become more expressive.

How much does a 1 month old baby eat

The baby is now actively growing, so the body needs more and more nutrition. By the end of the month, the need for milk can be estimated at 750-800 grams per day (110-150 grams per feeding).

How much does a baby sleep at 1 month

At the age of 1-2 months, the child sleeps 17-19 hours a day, of which night sleep is about 8 hours 30 m, and daytime sleep can be divided into 3-4 times

Mode, daily routine of a child at 1 month

This is how the daily routine of a baby aged 1 to 2 months may look like:

Time Schedule

6:00 1st feeding

6:00 - 7:00 Waking

7:00 - 9:30 Sleep

9:30 2nd feeding

9:30 - 11:00 Waking

11:00 - 13:00 Sleep

13:00 3rd feeding

13:00 - 14:00 Waking

14:00 - 16:30 Sleep

16:30 4th feeding

16:30 - 17:30 Wakefulness

17:30 - 19:30 Sleep

19:30 - 20:30 Waking

20:00 5th feeding

20:00 - 21:00 Waking

21:00 - 23:30 Sleep

23:30 6th feeding

23:30 - 6:00 Sleep

This mode is far from a guide to the life of mom and baby by the clock, but only an example by which you can imagine how long the phases of sleep and wakefulness, breaks between meals can be.

Baby health at 1 month

If a child was born in autumn, winter or early spring, in the second month of life, the doctor usually prescribes a drug containing vitamin D to prevent rickets. Both the drug and its dose are selected individually, taking into account the nature of feeding the child (since most adapted mixtures contains vitamin D). Sometimes the prevention of rickets can be started earlier or, on the contrary, postponed at certain indicators (for gastrointestinal disorders or if the doctor finds the size of the fontanel too small, insufficient increase in head circumference).

Monthly baby development

Now for the baby the most pleasant and dear is the voice of the people around him, and especially his mother. After all, he heard it in his tummy. Therefore, talk to him more often - this both calms him down and allows him to learn more about the world around him.

Call him by his first name or just affectionate nickname when you enter the room. Talk about how you feel when you change. By changing the volume of the voice, you can calm him down or attract attention. It is very interesting for the kid to watch the change in timbre - from low to high and vice versa - this can attract his attention for a long time.

Another great activity is massaging the fingers and toes. Massage each finger separately, this will allow the baby to feel his body.

Article last updated: 03/25/2018

It seems like yesterday you just returned from the hospital. Happy, tired. And a little confused. First of all, this concerns the parents of the first-born. What to do with the child now? Much to be learned. Get used to life with a little demanding man.

But the first month of a baby's life passes quickly. In everyday chores and worries, in getting used to, in the knowledge of the world around the child. Parents have become more proficient in caring for a newborn in the past month and feel more confident.

Pediatrician

One month of life for a baby is a whole milestone. The baby gains about 700 grams in weight, grows by several centimeters. The head and chest increase in volume. And just as the growth of a child does not stand still, so the development takes leaps and bounds. During this time, the baby manages to acquire certain skills and abilities.

Under the influence of information from the senses, emotions, impressions from the surrounding world, the nervous system does not stop developing. And, above all, the brain. This is what ensures the development of the motor functions of the body. The child begins to learn to control the movements of parts of his body. First of all, look.

Fixation in a certain position of the body or its parts indicates the development of statics. Her very first sign in a baby is an attempt to hold her head.

Adequate reactions of the baby to irritating factors are reflected in the conditioned reflex activity. When the child is hungry, he expresses dissatisfaction with a cry. Ate - calmed down. By the end of the first month of life, responses become more difficult.

The baby examines the face of the mother, touches the chest, begins to smile. At sight loved one briskly sorting through the air with arms and legs. This is how conditioned reflexes are formed.

The posture of the child also changes. In a healthy newborn, the body is in a state of physiological hypertonicity. Arms and legs are bent at the joints. The fists are compressed and pressed to the chest. The thighs are slightly apart.

This posture does not change even during sleep. Movements trembling, chaotic. Both physiological tremor and physiological hypertonicity begin to fade after the first month of life.

What does a 1 month old baby know?

More detailed information about seeing, smelling, is presented in the article by a pediatrician.

Since the baby is growing very quickly, it will be useful for parents to know.

A month old baby should already start holding his head. This is best seen when the baby is lying on the stomach. The head does not stick into the diaper, like a newborn. The baby will hold it for some time on weight.
He begins to recognize his mother, to make eye contact with her.
Fixes the gaze. At first it is literally a second. Then every day the child can focus on a stationary object for longer and longer. By the end of the first month of life, children not only fix their gaze, but also follow moving objects with their eyes. Usually it is a bright rattle.
New sounds begin to appear in speech. They are guttural or similar to gurgling. This is not the usual infantile “waa” of a monotonous character. These are the first conscious sounds, the beginnings of speech, the beginning of humming.
The baby begins to listen to speech, the sounds of the world around him. Over the past month, the baby was either frightened by sharp sounds, or, on the contrary, calmed down. By the end of the month, he already reacts more consciously, distinguishes intonations. Calms down at the sound of the voice of parents and may be frightened by an unfamiliar timbre.
First smile. Parents have seen the smile of a newborn before. During sleep. The corners of her lips quivered, forming a touching expression on her face. But in a month, the baby can smile consciously for the first time, in response to the smile of mom or dad.
Responds to the touch of a loved one. So, mom is capable of taking him in her arms. Once in the arms of a stranger, the baby is likely to react negatively.
Formation of the internal clock. A certain one begins to emerge. Some babies wait for feedings at the usual time. They stay awake and sleep at certain times.
Reflexes. The reflexes of newborns have not faded. During a medical examination, the child must clearly demonstrate them.
With the disappearance of physiological hypertonicity, the child's posture becomes more relaxed.

Creating ideal developing conditions

To create optimal conditions for the development of skills and abilities, it is necessary to apply some effort:

favorable environment.

Kid perceives the world absorbing impressions and emotions like a sponge. And not only their own, but also their parents. Calm atmosphere in the house, measured conversations, smiles of loved ones. In such conditions, the child develops a basic sense of security and trust in the world around him.

tactile contact.

The baby is vital. In conditions of attention deficit, anxious tendencies are formed, phobias develop.

The child grows capricious, sleep and appetite suffer. Sufficient contact contributes to the development of the sense organs and, as a result, the nervous system.

massage and gymnastics.

Ideally, such procedures are carried out daily before evening bathing. Contribute to normalization muscle tone have a positive effect on blood circulation.

At the age of one month, the choice is limited. The most important of the games is the rattle. Bright color attracts attention, focuses the eye. The sound makes you try to turn your head, which develops the neck muscles.

An attempt to grab a toy with your hand starts a whole chain of reactions in the baby's nervous system, forcing the brain and muscles of the limbs to work in harmony.

A whole development complex. During feeding, all the senses are stimulated. Growth and development factors come with milk, the presence of which favorably affects, first of all, the maturation of brain structures.

A newborn baby is an amazing creature. Weak and helpless, he is able to endure stress that would overwhelm an adult with relative ease. It's no joke - to suddenly find yourself in a completely unfamiliar external environment, and even if necessary, instantly switch to a new way of breathing, blood circulation, and then nutrition!

But the most amazing thing is that the newborn is already an individual, already a character!

You can evaluate the mental development of your child yourself. For example, check for the presence of basic reflexes:

- "plantar" reflex - you run your finger along the sole, and the child pulls the leg back,
- "sucking" reflex - you run your finger over the child's lips, and he readily folds his lips with a tube and smacks his lips, makes sucking movements,
- "grasping" reflex - you put the tip of your finger in the child's hand, and he squeezes it tightly.

If the listed (quite funny) reflexes are present, your newborn baby is normal.

Remember that the character of a child is formed from the first days of his life, including in communication with you. The formation of character begins with conditioned reflexes: positive and negative. The concern of parents is that there should be more positive conditioned reflexes, and naturally fewer negative ones. Positive conditioned reflexes arise for regular meals, regular hygiene procedures, communication, caresses. In everything that concerns the child, order, regime should be felt. The child must feel cared for.

We recommend that you weigh your child regularly. This can be done in a clinic setting. But it is more convenient, of course, at home. In the first year of life, it does not hurt to control weight gain on your own using a table in which the abscissa axis is the weight of the child in grams, and the ordinate axis is months or weeks of life. Normally, the curved line that you get on this table should be smooth - without sharp jumps up or down. If for several days the line is kept at the same level, do not worry. When a child is healthy, when he has a good appetite, he will gain the desired weight. If the line went down, immediately pay attention to your pediatrician.

Don't overfeed your kids. A fat child does not mean beautiful. Being overweight is not a guarantee against disease.

You can not lift the child by the hands.

You can not hold the child so that his head is thrown back. The child's head must be supported.

It is not difficult to learn how to hold a child correctly: the child practically lies on your left hand, and the head is held by the elbow; with your right hand you support the legs.

In other words: it is necessary that the baby's body has three places of support - the back of the head, at the level of the shoulder blades and at the level of the pelvis.

From the very first days, you do not need to excessively nurse the child and carry him in your arms all day. The child quickly gets used to such treatment and can no longer live without it, demands it, is capricious. And if the mother, otherwise busy, cannot nurse him again, the child goes into all serious trouble - raises a cry. Like it or not, you have to give in. No need to panic at the first cry of a child. Come and find out the reason for crying - in newborns there are 4 such reasons: wet, something hurtshungry, I want to go to my mother. It happens that it is necessary for the baby to change the diaper, and he will immediately calm down.

In the first case, the child must be swaddled. In the second case, reconsider his clothes (experienced mothers know, of course, that undershirts are worn inside out - with the seams outward so that they do not rub or press on the delicate skin of the child). Well, in the third case, you just need to look at the clock to see if the time for feeding your baby is right.

Due to the fact that the baby is still too weak and his neck muscles are not developed, head movements are limited; in less ventilated places - on the back of the head, on the neck - sweat sometimes appears. If it is not removed in a timely manner, irritation may occur in the indicated places - in the form of small dotted red rashes. Parents usually call it sweaty. If you continue to ignore it, then irritation under the influence of new sweat may increase. When an infection joins, even pustules occur. And this is a serious complication. To prevent it, remove sweat from time to time with a napkin.

Do not forget to pay attention to the condition of the navel in the child. In some children - especially restless ones who "love" to scream - the navel protrudes somewhat when screaming. Sometimes the navel forms, when crying or coughing, a rather significant bulge, sometimes reaching the size of a walnut or more. This is an umbilical hernia, which occurs due to the weakness of the abdominal wall. If you notice such a hernia, consult your local pediatrician immediately. There are cases - you have to do an operation, but most often the hernia is eliminated by itself, when the child gains weight in a few months and when the adipose tissue develops more strongly.

Never forget that the skin of children is very delicate, and the child himself is still weak in order to successfully withstand some adverse external factors. It is impossible to lightly leave the child to lie on the wet for a long time, from this diaper rash may appear on the baby's body. Appear diaper rash in the form of redness of the skin. The skin is inflamed, very sensitive, painful. The child is naturally restless, crying. If appropriate measures are not taken, blisters may form at the site of redness. The blisters then burst, and the picture emerges from an unpleasant one.

How to prevent diaper rash: do not use "pampers" longer than three hours or during the hot season,strive to swaddle the baby on time;pay attention to the quality of washing diapers and sliders (there may be uric acid residues in the fabric, which, even with dry diapers, can irritate delicate skin).

If your child has a tendency to diaper rash, when changing it, wipe it with a clean, damp cloth - wipe the wet places, and treat the diaper rash areas with a greasy baby cream.

One of the features of the first month of a child's life is scabs on the scalp. Scabs occur with an excess of secretions from the skin glands. The discharge dries up, and then it is not easy to remove them. Scabs are yellowish, sometimes translucent, sometimes scaly, and scaly. In no case should you clean the child's head of these scabs too actively, since this can injure the skin and introduce an infection. Even the smallest infection is fraught with danger to the child - he is still so weak. Scabs are removed with a cotton swab with sterilized vegetable oil and only after bathing the child.

Hearing of a newborn baby in the first month of life

As for the development of hearing (not only physiological, but also musical), try to have your child, on the recommendation of some authors, "bath in sound." Of course, these "baths" should be carried out when the child is awake. In the first month of life, your baby sleeps almost all the time, but now he has grown a little, and more and more often the time for communication comes. Talk to the baby, develop his hearing; let music sound in your house in the moments of wakefulness - quiet calm music, something from the classics, with an easily guessed melodic pattern. But the baby should sleep in peace and quiet.

Vision of a newborn baby in the first month of life

If you want to show something to your baby - a bright toy, for example - hold it in front of him at a distance of 25-30 cm. ), come closer to the child at a distance of 25-30 cm. Here it would be appropriate to recall the recommendations of scientists for reading: that the book should be at a distance of 25-30 cm from the reading person. What do you think: is this a coincidence?

Touch of a newborn in the first month of life

From the first days of life, a child discovering the world should involve all the senses. We have already spoken about auditory and visual impressions. The organs of smell and taste in a child are also quite developed and "work" - this has been established experimentally. Now about the sense of touch... When a child is awake, he needs to feel his body, feel touches on his body. This is important for the correct formation of the organs of perception, and for the subsequent correct orientation in space. If the child does not sleep, mess with him more. He likes it, it's good for him. Play with him, take his hands, stroke him.

Swaddling a newborn

Various panties and diapers have been invented for wide swaddling, but it is quite possible to get by with an ordinary flannel diaper, folding it several times along and laying it between the legs of the child, under the diaper.

Traditionally, a child of the first months was swaddled "with handles", but it is more correct to leave the handles free, sewing up the ends of the sleeves of the vest. And put on a cap or scarf only after bathing. The main heat transfer in a newborn occurs through the scalp, and it is important to prevent "overheating".

Breastfeeding a newborn

Is it necessary to prove that breastfeeding is the best? It was out of competition when it could only be replaced with cow's milk, it remains out of competition even now, when there are many powdered milk mixtures made using advanced technologies. In these mixtures, the chemical composition of women's milk is reproduced with great accuracy, they are enriched with vitamins and other useful additives. This is a fairly complete food for a child. But it's just food. And mother's milk is more than food. It has something that is not and cannot be in artificial mixtures: biologically active substances, hormones, antibodies that protect against diseases. In mother's milk, antibodies even appear against the pathogen that caused the baby's illness.

Although the sucking reflex is dominant and is still formed in utero, not all children take the breast well right away. Difficulties may arise if the mother's nipples are flat, not prominent enough. Such nipples are supposed to be prepared for feeding even during pregnancy, several times a day, carefully pulling them out with your fingers. The same must be done before each feeding, and starting to feed, slightly squeeze the breast at the edge of the areola (nipple circle) with the middle and index fingers - the nipple will move forward and it will be easier to put it into the child's mouth. It is necessary to invest not only the nipple, but also the areola - so the baby will swallow less air, and this is the prevention of regurgitation. The mother's breast may also be too tight for your baby. You can help by expressing the first drops of milk. But this is done only as a last resort, because just the first drops of mother's milk are a drink for the baby, and the rest are food. Sometimes it becomes uncomfortable for a child to suckle simply because the mother does not know to lift her chest with her hand, and she closes her nose, making it difficult to breathe. It happens that the mother hugs the baby too tightly to herself, and this makes him reflexively throw his head back.

Pediatricians have long noted that among babies, actively sucking and lazy ones stand out clearly. The active one, having made several search movements with his head, finds the nipple himself, sucks rhythmically, without interruption, and having “obtained” what he is supposed to, releases the nipple himself and falls asleep. The lazy one (this is more often weakened, and not just phlegmatic), after sucking for several minutes, begins to doze at the chest, occasionally making sluggish and unproductive sucking movements in a dream. This one has to be encouraged to eat, to stir up, wake up, sometimes even undress for a minute, so that he finally wakes up and begins to eat.

Normally, feeding lasts 15-20 minutes, but in the first days, while the details of this procedure are being worked out, it can take up to half an hour.

The usual rhythm of feeding a newborn is 7 times a day, after three hours with a night break. However, a child born with a low body weight (below three kilograms) should preferably be fed more often, at night. In general, feed not clockwise, but according to need. Recently, pediatricians almost unanimously recommend feeding the baby on demand, but mothers often misunderstand this phrase. On demand - this does not mean random feeding, but the establishment of a feeding regimen that is individual for your baby. When a child eats every day at a certain time, digestion works better, gaziki do not bother, the child behaves much calmer.

The first weeks of breastfeeding are a time of concessions, compromises, mutual accommodation. Feeding can turn out to be somewhat chaotic, but by the end of the month, a rhythm close to the generally accepted one should nevertheless form, and with a correction made by the characteristics of the child.

What is natural and what is disturbing

Sudden sudden changes in a child's behavior can be alarming if, for example, he, who always sucked willingly, suddenly stubbornly refuses to eat. Or, previously relatively calm, he begins to cry incessantly, even screaming, not calming down either after being swaddled, or from warmth, or in his arms, or with a pacifier, or after eating. And if he also does not eat - even more so! Of course, this can happen with a healthy child, but it's better not to take risks, not to speculate, but to consult a doctor. This is the rule forever!

What should a newborn be able to do by the end of the first month of life?

By the end of 1 month of life, a newborn:

Starts and blinks at a sharp sound.
For example, from 9-11 days old, the child already distinguishes sounds, reacting with crying to sharp, loud ones, but does not yet listen to them. He begins to listen between 3 and 5 weeks of age. The kid calms down with a strong sound (auditory concentration reaction) for 10-15 seconds, listens to the voice of an adult, the sound of a toy.
Keeps an immovable object in the field of view, i.e. capable of visual focus.
By 20-22 days, uncoordinated movements of the eyeballs disappear. Visual concentration occurs for 15-30 days, the delay in looking at something else is short-term. The infant fixes with his gaze for 5-10 seconds a motionless object in his field of vision. General movements are still inhibited.
In the supine position, raises and holds the head for 5-20 seconds.
For example, already on the 8th - 10th day, the child tries to raise his head if he is placed on his tummy, and at the age of two weeks he turns it towards the sound source.
During this period, the first smile appears in response to the addressed speech.
A smile is a call for mutual understanding, an invitation to communication, an expression of positive emotions!
The baby can make separate sounds in response to a conversation, sometimes the reaction is still delayed by a few seconds.
For example, some babies, as early as a few hours after birth, can imitate if someone sticks out their tongue or opens their mouth. At the very beginning, the child cries or screams, then begins to make throat sounds, which are less and less by the month. In the second month, the baby will begin to make sounds reminiscent of “a”, “kh”, “ah”, etc. When the baby is sleeping, you can often hear soft snore or even “snoring”.
The movements are not yet coordinated.
For example, already on the first day of life in a healthy newborn, more than 170, and on the 10th day of life, more than 550 individual and general movements per minute are recorded! Of course, we are talking about immature, uncoordinated movements that are the result of excitation of the immature centers of the brain. But all these movements are very important for the development of the child!

After 2-3 weeks with a newborn baby, you can already walk on the street, away from older children. Dress your child appropriately for the weather. But even before that, often ventilate the room in which the baby is located (of course, by moving the child to another room for this time or dressing accordingly). In the summer, you can take sunbaths in front of an open window to prevent jaundice in newborns and rickets. Let your baby grow up healthy!

The baby, just born, seems to do nothing but lie almost motionless in his crib. Meanwhile, a lot of physiological changes take place in his body. He “looks closely” at this world and, although he still does not know how to express his emotions, he experiences them to the fullest.

What should a child be able to do at 1 month

when an immovable object appears in the field, he concentrates his gaze on it;
squints his eyes if he sees a bright light source;
quite consciously examines the face of a person bending over him, looks into his eyes;
lying on his stomach, the baby tries to raise his head and keep it on weight;
reacts to sounds and when calling for help;
can grab an object, but still cannot hold it in the pen;
moves his eyes, watching moving objects;
recognizes parents by voice and smell;
at the end of the first month, the first inclinations of speech appear - the baby gurgles and pronounces individual sounds.

This is just a rough list of what a 1 month old baby should do. Early development in all children is individual plan, often not in everything coinciding with standard memos from a children's clinic or Internet articles.

Despite the fact that the baby is active no more than 2-3 hours a day, while awake, he enjoys exploring the world around him and is quite ready for new knowledge. He listens attentively to your lullabies, and generally responds very well to his mother's voice.

When the child is awake, do everything possible to make him comfortable in his crib: change positions often, take him in your arms, talk, laugh and rejoice with him! Give your son or daughter as much attention as possible, because he has only recently come into this world, and in order to adapt to it faster, he needs contact with his mother.

Features of the development of a child in 1 month

At the earliest stage of life, the infant has several basic reflexes. So, the “plantar” reflex is expressed in the fact that when you run your finger along his foot, he will certainly pull back the leg. You can observe the sucking reflex if you run your finger over the baby’s lips: he will fold them into a tube and try to “suck” your finger. From the very first days of life, a child has also developed a grasping reflex: put your finger on the child’s palm, and you will see that he will squeeze the pen into a fist.

Norms of weight and height of children in 1 month

		Height, cm	Weight, kg	Circle head, cm
BOYS	short
	below middle
	average
	higher middle
	high
GIRLS	short
	below middle
	average
	higher middle
	high

So, from this table it is not difficult to determine how much a child should weigh at 1 month. The decisive factor is the weight of the baby at the time of birth and on the day of discharge from the hospital. These data are entered into the baby's card. For weighing a child at home, it is good to have.

But how much a child should gain in 1 month - worries most newly-made mothers. At the end of the first month of life, a child gains an average of 100-900 g. In premature babies, these figures are less. During the first month, a healthy baby grows by an average of 3 cm. Other indicators are also important. So, in a children's clinic, a pediatrician at a scheduled examination at 1 month should measure the circumference of the head, abdomen and chest of the child. Such indicators are very important in order to identify and correct all possible violations in time. Recommended at the end of the first month of life and examination by a neurologist.

Day regimen of a child at 1 month

When asked how much a child should sleep at 1 month old, pediatric neurologists answer: all the time. Theoretically, this is true, but in practice, a few weeks after birth, the baby will spend much more time awake than before. Normally, a newborn should sleep 20-23 hours a day, but it happens that he.

He usually wakes up with a feeling of hunger. Today, pediatricians recommend feeding the baby on demand.

Basic rules for mom

Hold your baby in your arms for changing and feeding when he is calm. This will help build an emotional connection with him. Talk to your child gently and quietly. Create a calm atmosphere in the child's room. Then the baby will be calm and balanced.

Probably, even in the hospital they explained to you how to properly hold a newborn. Be sure to instruct all family members, as well as guests who come to you and want to take the crumbs in their arms. (In the first months of life, however, it is best not to allow strangers take your child in your arms. Learn to politely refuse, your friends will understand you). Warn everyone that you should definitely support the baby's head with one palm, since his neck is still weak for this.
Today on sale we often see kangaroo backpacks marked 0+. However, pediatricians, pediatric neuropathologists and orthopedists unanimously argue that the use of devices in which the baby sits is not permissible until the age when the child learns to sit on his own, that is, his bones and muscles will be ready for this. And the 0+ mark on such products is nothing more than a marketing ploy.

A newborn baby, if he does not mind, except just in her arms, the mother can wear in a sling, where the baby will lie. Moreover, the time spent in the sling should also be limited. Now the most comfortable and useful surface for the baby is moderately hard, like an orthopedic mattress in his crib. And, of course, mother's hands are in favor.

The daily routine of the baby of the first month of life

The daily regimen of a newborn consists of two periods: sleep (as we have already said, this is about 20-23 hours a day) and periods of wakefulness. "Peppy" hours are designed for feeding, dressing and performing simple gymnastics for newborns (the local pediatrician will tell you about it at the first visit).

In the first month, it is too early to talk about establishing a clear regimen for the child. Modern pediatrics teaches us to feed the child on every demand. Feeding should end when the baby releases the breast on its own. If the child falls asleep without opening his jaws, gently insert your little finger, open your jaws and easily release your chest from the crumbs mouth. in the first month they do not have constant regularity: the baby can ask for a breast both a few hours after the last meal, and a few minutes later. In the first month, be ready to devote almost all the time to the child and feed him as often and for as long as he wants.

Nutrition for a 1 month old baby

Our mothers were once taught to establish a feeding schedule for newborns: 10 - 15 minutes every 3 hours. However, today this approach is considered artificial and painful for the child - it is better to trust his instincts, he himself knows when how much milk to use.

On average, the answer to the question of how much a child should eat in 1 month is calculated based on standard formulas:

daily dose of milk (in grams) for a child under 10 days = N x 80, where N is age in days,

conditional dose of a single feeding = N x 10.

However, it is worthwhile to understand that this norm is conditional, since at one time the baby can drink half of the one-time norm, and in the next feeding - one and a half. That is why the control weighing of the child before and after feeding is not indicative, because you can get just at that feeding when the baby ate less than usual.

For children older than 10 days, the daily dose of milk is approximately 800 - 1000 g.

With breast milk, of course. And if the baby receives, then how much mixture should the child eat in 1 month? The answer is: single portions of the mixture should be measured in accordance with the above nutritional standards, while observing the standard regularity and not exceeding dosages. The fact is that the mixture, in contrast to breast milk, you can overfeed the child, than to make him problems with the gastrointestinal tract and excess weight in the future.

In the first weeks of life, alas, are not uncommon. Their cause is the immaturity of the baby's gastrointestinal tract. Children who receive mixtures are especially susceptible to this scourge. It is not difficult to determine that the baby is suffering from colic - if the child screams, pressing his legs to his stomach - most likely, colic is the reason for this. In such cases, the frequent laying out of the baby with his tummy on the mother's stomach helps - your warmth will ease the torment. In addition, there pharmaceutical products- drops of fennel (they are also dill water), preparations such as espumizan, etc. It is strictly forbidden to use any of the medicines without consulting a pediatrician.

child and toilet

To find out if the baby has enough milk, the so-called. "wet diaper test" - the number of urination per day should be at least 8, ideally 10 - 12.

As for bowel movements, an individual rhythm is established in a child on the 4th - 5th day of life. The main indicators of the norm here are the well-being of the baby, the absence of crying during (that is, the child does not experience pain in the process), the absence of a fetid odor and impurities in the feces (in a healthy child, the color of the feces is yellowish, the consistency of cream). As for the regimen, the norm is both 1 bowel movement in 2 days, and 10-12 per day. Everything is individual.

If the mother notices that the child cannot go to the toilet and suffers from this, it is necessary to urgently contact her pediatrician, who will tell you what can be done (usually in such cases they recommend an enema or glycerin suppositories for babies).

In general, the main indicator that everything is in order is how the baby looks at 1 month. If the baby is cheerful, cheerful, smiling, has a persistent good appetite, but at the same time he has a chair 1-2 times a week, this is not a reason to worry.

Sleep of a child of 1 month of life

Since the baby will immediately fall asleep when satiated, change the baby's clothes before you apply it to the chest. If the baby objects and demands food right now, gently coax him, stroke his back and tummy while you change clothes.

We risk upsetting you, but in the first month of his life, a newborn does not distinguish between day and night much, and, to put it mildly, it does not matter to him that you are used to living differently. That is, the nighttime sleep and feeding regimen will also be quite chaotic. Although it is believed that at night at least 5 - 6 hours the baby should sleep continuously. But remember: how much a baby sleeps at 1 month continuously at night does not mean anything. The baby can wake up at night as well as during the day every 1 - 2 hours to refresh himself, and this is also normal.

Sleep helps a lot of moms. The baby sleeps in the same bed with his mother (or in his own bed, but closely attached to the parent's side from the mother's side, while the wall is removed) and, as soon as he needs to breastfeed, the mother will be able to give him what he needs, continuing to doze herself. Naturally, for this you must learn.

Also, if necessary, you should be able to change the child's clothes at night. Therefore, always keep wet wipes on hand (by the way, you can read how to choose diapers).

Surely you have heard the amazing stories of those young mothers who, almost from the first month, taught their child to sleep all night in their own bed in a separate room, without waking up for feeding even once during the night. Hand on heart, we can consider such stories, firstly, fantastic (although you never know what miracles happen in the world), and secondly, it should be remembered that long breaks between meals can be harmful to a newborn. It is believed that during the first 6 months of life, night feedings are the physiological need of the child. Later - already a matter of habit. That is, we do not advise you to try to wean your baby from food at night until he is at least six months old. Who said it would be easy?

The exception is children who are artificial feeding. They really should be offered a bottle no more than once every 2-3 hours, after which they should be placed in an upright position and carried around the room for 10-15 minutes. Because formula takes much longer to digest than breast milk, artificial babies often sleep most of the night without waking up. Talk to your pediatrician about your baby's nighttime feeding schedule. Because, unlike breast milk, the mixture can really overfeed the baby.

For a crib, the mattress should be sheathed with waterproof fabric. Next, put on a cover. The sheet for the baby should be properly knocked out under the mattress. It is important that it does not fold into folds and thus does not cause inconvenience to the child. A baby under 1.5 years old does not need a pillow, because it can bend the spine. In the first year, children's underwear should be washed separately from an adult, moreover, with. The underwear of a newborn in the first month of his life should be ironed on both sides.

Bathing and washing

Particular attention should be paid. Firstly, you can start bathing only after the clothespin falls off the navel of the newborn, which was attached to him in the hospital during the cutting of the umbilical cord. Secondly, all the time until it completely heals after bathing, it will definitely need to be treated with hydrogen peroxide and brilliant green, and the bathing water should be boiled. The latter is now considered optional, but will not be superfluous.

The temperature of the water in the baby bath should be about 36 - 37 degrees, that is, equal to the temperature of the child's body. Modern baby baths are equipped with temperature indicators (usually they have three levels: cold, normal, hot). If you do not trust such a device, use a regular alcohol thermometer.

Important! If you still boil water, do not pour it into the bath until it cools - this can, firstly, render the temperature indicator unusable, and secondly, cause unforeseen reactions between the water and the plastic of the bath, which will cause its toxicity.

You can add herbal infusions to the baby’s bath (string, chamomile, celandine), but it’s better to consult with your pediatrician first, since the same recipes are not suitable for everyone (for example, the same pharmacy chamomile dries the skin, and therefore I do not advise using it if the baby already has peeling).

It is recommended to bathe children with the use marked "from birth" - such gels and shampoos are produced based on the needs of the newborn's skin. And, of course, make sure the one you're using really doesn't irritate your eyes - just test it out for yourself (drip a little dilute shampoo solution into your eye). If the baby does not suffer from dry skin and peeling, you can use baby soap(It is usually liked by mothers who seek to minimize the use of cosmetics. The fact is that soap, unlike bathing gels, does not leave any film on the baby's skin).

Bathing the crumbs lasts an average of 5 - 15 minutes. Of course, the first bath is the shortest. Afterward, wrap your baby in a soft towel and gently pat the moisture off his skin. In no case do not rub the baby's skin - it is too delicate for this. Next, unfolding the baby, examine the folds on his body. It is possible that some of them have slight soaking that should be treated with sudocream, bepanthen, baby powder or diaper cream (the experience of using these products, as well as the formation of preferences, comes only with time :)) If there are areas due to dry skin, lubricate them baby cream or oil for newborns. Attention! In no case should you cover significant areas of the baby's skin with cream or oil - this way you interfere with breathing and can cause serious harm to the child. Creams should be used only locally - at the site of redness or irritation.

After that, dress your baby as usual.

There are certain rules for such a procedure as washing girls and boys. And, if bathing is usually arranged in the evenings, then you need to wash the child every morning, after waking up before feeding, and after each bowel movement. For washing, only warm water from the tap is enough, there is no need to use soap.

Girls should be washed with a stream of water in the direction from front to back. Boys should absolutely not pull back the foreskin and try to wash the head of the penis! Nature took care of its isolation and the presence of a bactericidal lubricant under the foreskin - smegma, which protects the baby's genitals from bacteria. Therefore, harmony cannot be broken.

Remember that when washing a child (both a boy and a girl), you should wash the genitals only from the outside!

As for washing, it should also be done in the morning before feeding. In the first weeks of life, it is worth using boiled water. Soap and other cosmetics are useless here. Only if your baby has noticeable skin irritations on his face, treat them as directed by your pediatrician after washing.

The baby's eyes are washed with a damp cotton swab in the direction from the outer corner of the eye to the inner. The spout is cleaned with cotton wool twisted into a thin bundle (a cotton swab simply does not crawl through there until it does). The ears of the baby should be washed only from the outside! Otherwise, you risk damaging your ears. Therefore, there is no special need for special cotton swabs with limiters - reasonable mothers still do not try to get into the ear canal, but only wipe the auricle from the outside.

Often for inexperienced mothers, the area behind the ears "holds surprises". The fact is that the baby sometimes spits up during feeding, and this milk flows behind the ears. But my mother didn't know. Turn off the ears, see if it's clean behind them. Otherwise, it will be very embarrassing to appear before a pediatrician at 1 month old, when the doctor sees piles of dirt behind your ears in your well-groomed smart baby.

Video: Baby care in the first days of life

Walking with a child

You need to walk with the baby every day, but if the street is not lower than -10 degrees. Clothes for a newborn should be only from natural fabrics, comfortable and spacious. The child will need flannel and cotton undershirts (about 15 pieces), warm flannel, thin cotton and flannelette diapers (about 35 pieces), warm and thin caps, diapers. The baby should be dressed in layers. For walks in winter you need a special envelope. A stroller for walking should be deep, comfortable, with a moderately hard mattress.

Educational games for children 1 month old

It would seem, why do children who have just been born need all these games? After all, they are still quite tiny and helpless, and they are unlikely to be interested in anything else other than a rattle. Actually it is not. Games for a newborn are simply necessary. It is they who can provide a comprehensive early development. Moreover, both mentally and physically, and socially.

Mom is the best toy

Yes, yes, the main rule that a mother should take into account when working with a child in the first month of his life is that Best game for him, it is herself. And, of course, the closest relatives. Moreover, while playing with the baby, mother and relatives should behave naturally, trust their instincts and feelings.

A game for the development of a child's vision

You must take the child in your arms, hug him to you and look him straight in the eyes. The kid will focus on you and look into his mother's eyes for a long time ... Yes, he will be distracted later, but if you continue to look at him, the baby will also return his gaze to you. You can play such “peepers” until the child gets tired.

In addition, you can also use a dim light bulb or a nightlight for the game. Try moving the lamp in different directions in a slightly darkened room within the child's field of vision. The baby will closely follow the light. Such a game perfectly helps the child learn to concentrate his attention. You can also cut out different pictures from old magazines depicting smiling bright objects, children, flowers. Place the pictures in the child's field of vision, it is best to attach them to the side of his crib. Move the pictures a little, and you will see how the baby will follow them with his eyes.

Games for the development of the baby

Touch your child's hands with your fingers. You will see how he will reflexively squeeze your finger, and then grab onto it. During such activities, constantly talk to the baby or sing funny songs. Remember that such a game is aimed at stimulating the baby's grasping reflex. You can also play bike. Take his feet in your hands and gently rotate them as you would when riding a bicycle.

Fun games for kids

At this age, children love hanging toys. Attach them to the bed, let them spin slowly to melodic and pleasant music. Today, there is a huge abundance of such “mobiles” on sale. Take regular walks around the house with your child. Show and tell everything you see around. Don't worry about the fact that the child can't get a good look at everything just yet. Such walks are still very important, because they are designed for the future, so the baby develops the first visual memory.

How to develop a child in 1 month

What can be done for the development of a baby who has just been born? To begin with, it is important for the mother to realize what the correct start of this development should be. So, for this, it is important to attach the baby to the breast early, the coexistence of the mother and baby immediately after childbirth, feeding “on demand” with breast milk.

Feeding - the first development

Breastfeeding is the most natural process in the world. It is pleasant and useful for both mother and child. It is important to breastfeed on demand. This is how you lay the foundation for health for your child. But, in addition, these are also the foundations for the successful development of the child, because if the baby is emotionally stable, he is much more ready to perceive information.

sense organs

An adult perceives the world through the senses. These are sight, touch, smell, hearing, taste. The kid is too. The development of the baby in such early age are also based on the stimulation of these sense organs. So, babies at 1 month receive the most information through the organ of touch. Vision and hearing are still underdeveloped. In the first month of life, they need stimulation. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the stimulation of the development of touch.

What can be done?

Everything is simple. Prepare pieces of fabric of different textures. It can be cotton, silk, fur, wool, satin. Let the baby touch these blanks several times a day. Don't forget also about tactile contact. Mom and dad should often stroke the baby, kiss, put the naked one on their stomach. This is how not only the sense of touch develops, but also the emotional sphere. You can also walk around the apartment with a crumb and touch objects with his pen. Tell him what it is, comment on your actions. Do not think that the little one does not hear or understand anything. This is a very important flow of information. It comes to the baby in the first months of life, and most importantly, it is well deposited at the subconscious level. So you will help lay a solid foundation for further perception of the world around you. Following these recommendations, in the first month you can start develop the baby. This period is very important in the development of the child, and these easy exercises are available for mom. Develop your baby from the cradle!