Research work of amber tree tears. Research work "Magic tears of trees." Amber jewelry

Municipal budgetary educational institution

secondary school with. Soviet

Municipal scientific and practical conference for schoolchildren

"The world around us"

VillageSoviet

SchoolSecondary school with. Soviet

Class 4

DirectionNatural science

Research

Subject: Amber– sun stone

Performed: Abramova Veronica

4th grade student.

Supervisor: Gavrilina I.V.

teacher primary classes

2016

Content

Introduction 3

Chapter 2. Extraction and use of amber 6

2.1. Amber room 6

Chapter 3. Medicinal and practical properties of amber 8

Practical part 7

Conclusion 9

Bibliography 10

Applications 11

Introduction

In the summer I very often spend time on the shore of our Sea of Okhotsk and never pass by the amber that fell under my feet. I collect it just like that, just in case I suddenly want to make a craft from this bright golden stone. Previously, I had not thought about its origin, but one day I became interested: Amber - what kind of stone is it? Where did he come from? Why do people collect it? Why is there so much of it on the seashore?

And I decided to find answers to all these questions.

Target:

Explore the stone - amber and find out Interesting Facts its origin, explore the properties of amber and get answers to all my questions.

Tasks:

Study the literature on this topic;

Study online sources on this topic;

Visit the gem exhibition;

Experimentally explore the properties of amber;

Try to create artificial amber;

Research methods:

1. Scientific search

2. Research

3. Observation method

Chapter 1. Origin of amber

People learned to use amber 5-6 thousand years ago, and attempts have been made repeatedly to unravel the mystery of its origin.

Both in scientific works and in oral works folk art versions were proposed, sometimes not inferior to each other in terms of the degree of fantasticness. Some researchers were convinced, for example, that amber was solidified oil, others were inclined to consider it fossilized honey from wild bees. It has also been suggested that this is sea foam, frozen under the influence of sunlight, a waste product of forest ants, thickened “solar ether”, mountain oil... And so on.

While science was searching for the truth, painstakingly collecting evidence, the people quickly explained everything in a miraculous, supernatural way.

In its shape, amber resembles a droplet or a teardrop. In ancient Rome, it was believed that amber was the tears of the daughters of the sun god Hellios, who mourned their brother, who could not cope with his father’s fiery chariot and fell down from a great height. The sisters' tears fell into the water and froze.

There is another legend: about an underwater amber castle. The sea king lived there with his daughters. The youngest fell in love with a simple fisherman. The sea king was angry and imprisoned his daughter in an amber tower, but the groom came for his beloved. The great battle shook the seabed. The lovers died in an unequal battle, and the castle shattered into thousands of pieces. When a storm occurs, the waves wash up the fragments of the castle and people have been collecting them for thousands of years.

There is a legend. In those days, when there were no people on Earth yet, and even time had not yet begun its non-stop running, there was an eternal day on the earth, and there was an eternal summer, because two suns were shining in the sky then. There was no darkness, there was no cold - only light and warmth. One sun was smaller and located higher, while the second, large and heavy, shone almost above the earth itself. One day the sky could not bear the enormous weight of the big sun and accidentally dropped it, and it fell into the sea. The cold waves cooled him down, and the sharp rocks seabed broke it into small pieces. And on earth from then on, the cycle of day and night, summer and winter began, because one sun did not have time to illuminate the Earth from all sides at the same time. And the sea began to wash up small pieces of amber ashore, each of which still retained a drop of frozen sunlight.

Conclusion: So, in all the legends and myths about the origin of amber, its pieces seem to carry some kind of news about a tragedy, a story about past events, encrypted information. In fact, this is what happens in reality - frozen drops of resin sometimes contain amazing finds, and even great discoveries. Both in scientific works and in works of oral folk art, versions were proposed that were sometimes not inferior to each other in terms of the degree of fantasticality.

Now no one doubts that amber is a mineral of organic origin, belonging to typical resins.

For the first time, the Russian scientist Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov scientifically explained the origin of amber.

Many millions of years BC there was vast land in the northern part of the continent. In those days the climate was hot. Subtropical jungle-like forests covered the entire continent and descended to stormy rivers and the sea coast. Frequent disasters occurred on earth. Severe storms and hurricanes felled trees. The sky was filled with lightning, causing frequent fires. Under the influence of fires and the scorching rays of the sun, the resin of various trees, mainly pine trees, was released and accumulated. Ants, mosquitoes, tiny spiders, blades of grass and plant branches often found themselves immured in fossilized ancient resins. Rivers and streams gradually washed lumps of resin out of the ground and carried them to the mouth of a large river flowing into the sea.

Conclusion: Amber is a fossil resin from trees that grew in the distant past, which, under the influence of natural factors, hardened and turned into stone.

Chapter 2. Extraction and use of amber

One of the large deposits is located on the Baltic Sea coast near the village of Yantarny, where stones are found different colors: almost white to red-brown, different sizes. They found a piece weighing up to 12 kg, several pieces up to 5 kg;

The quarry where amber is mined is located near the seashore. The stone is separated from the soil, cleaned and dried. After sorting, the best amber ends up in the hands of a master. The craftsman trims it with a special knife, grinds it, polishes it, and rubs it with a special composition of amber shavings, paraffin and chalk. Amber is a very fragile material. It is very difficult to work with him. It takes a lot of skill. The art of the carvers seems simply fantastic. The most skilled carvers lived in China. They made a lot of things from amber: exquisite jewelry, vessels, vases, decorated with a whole round dance of beautifully carved figures.

We find small placers of dark orange amber on the shores of our sea at the mouths of the Ai and Naiba rivers.

Rivers from the valley carry the “sun stone” into the cold waters of the Sea of Okhotsk, which generously shares its treasures with us after each storm. Sakhalin amber, called “sakhalinite”, attracted the attention of jewelers with its original thick color - black long tea with a dark cherry additive. This is how geologists studying Sakhalin amber initially determined the color. And in their opinion, he is superior in his jewelry qualities other ambers available in the country. It is believed that Sakhalin amber is more mature, hardened by the harsh Pacific Ocean, which is about 100 million years old.

Conclusion: The process of mining and processing amber is labor-intensive and interesting. And a real master can make simply fabulous things from amber.The heyday of amber fashion occurred at the beginning of the 18th century. In the 18th century, they learned to make not only jewelry from amber, but also cups, church utensils, chess, chandeliers, mirror frames and other amazing things. At this time, one of the wonders of the world was created - the amber room.

2.1. the Amber Room

The Amber Room was created by a Danish master commissioned by King FrederickI. The walls of the Amber Room were covered with carved amber panels. The ceiling was decorated with amber lampshades, and the furnishings were complemented by numerous objects carved from amber. Anyone entering the king's amber cabinet found himself in a fairy tale. The walls shimmered with honey tints. Mirrors in crystal frames decorated with amber sparkled with thousands of sparks. Paintings by famous masters were inserted into the amber panels. It is not surprising that this magical room made a great impression on the Russian Tsar PeterI. And then the Prussian king presented this room as a gift to the Russian Tsar. PeterItook her to St. Petersburg, and then she was transported to Tsarskoe Selo by Elizabeth and placed in the Catherine Palace. The Amber Room was remodeled and supplemented several times. The Amber Room was one of the state rooms of the Catherine Palace and was rightly considered one of the wonders of the world. During the Great Patriotic War, the Nazis stole the amber room and took it to Konigsberg. The stolen amber panels and doors were mounted in one of the halls of the Königsberg Castle and steel the best decoration museum that worked there. During the retreat of German troops, the room was dismantled and taken away in 1945 to an unknown location. At the end of the 70s, it was decided to restore the Amber Room. The restoration of the Amber Room lasted 23 years. The official opening of the Amber Room took place on the day of celebrations in honor of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg. To restore the Amber Room, stone from the Kaliningrad deposit was used. The largest nugget used for restoration weighed 1 kilogram.

The museum life of the Amber Room arouses the constant interest of thousands of tourists who visit Tsarskoe Selo every day. Recreating the Amber Room is very important to history.

Chapter 3. Medicinal and practical properties of amber

Amber is called the magic resin of the ancient forest, the sun stone. It attracts people's attention with its unique beauty. Since ancient times, it was believed that amber has magical power and therefore was a talisman against evil spirits, enemies, ill-wishers; for small children they put a bead under the mattress or hid a pin with amber in their clothes. A small piece of amber jewelry often cost more than a young slave at the slave market. Medicines and jewelry made from fossilized resin were recommended for a wide variety of illnesses. Amulets and talismans were made from it, bringing happiness and prosperity, protecting against evil spirits and diseases.

I also decided to make a talisman out of amber that would bring happiness to my family.

Part 2. Practical part

Various amazing things can be made from amber, thanks to its properties. In the practical part of my work, I experimentally study the properties of amber:

Experience 1. I dropped the amber into a glass of salt water and it “froze.”

Conclusion: This explains why there is so much amber on the seashore. In salt water, amber becomes lighter and salty sea water pushes it to the surface. (see Attachment)

Experience 2. I took a small piece of amber and brought it to the fire of a match. The amber began to melt and then caught fire. When burning, black smoke was released and a pleasant smell appeared, which means the amber melts and burns, releasing a smell. This experience confirms the origin of amber (see appendix).

Conclusion: At high temperature Amber, when burned, emits the scent of pine trees. Even in ancient times it was used as incense. Nowadays, amber is used not only as an aromatic agent, but is even used to make medicine from it. Knowing this property, the Germans called amber “Bernstein” (fire stone).

Experience 3. Let's try to cut it, sand it and polish it.

Having done this, we saw how amber can be easily processed: cut, ground and polished. But we must not forget that amber is a fragile stone, and its processing requires special skills and craftsmanship. (See Appendix)

Conclusion: Amber is easy to process. Due to this property, the stone is widely used in the jewelry industry. Jewelry and other amazing things are made from it.

Experience 4. Let's try to create artificial amber using epoxy resin. We dilute the resin with the hardener, add inclusions (glitter, dried flowers). A day later, our resin hardened and it turned out to be a beautiful stone.

Conclusion:

Experience 5. Let's put the pieces of amber in tin can, put it on the stove and cover with a lid.

Conclusion:

Conclusion

The history of amber began in the distant 16th century in Babylon and continues to this day. Scientists are still interested in the secrets and mysteries of amber. Having studied the literature on this topic and empirically researched the properties of amber, I learned a lot of new and interesting things. I shared my knowledge with my friends, they were very interested. There are many amazing things around us, but sometimes we don’t pay attention to it. And once we start exploring, we learn a lot of new and interesting things. People love amber not only for its beauty, but they see in it, as before, their protector, who brings them happiness and protects them from many troubles. No wonder they say that a piece of amber contains the great power of the Sun, which it gives to its impulse of creativity, strengthens physical strength. The healing properties of amber were known already in ancient times. Some primitive tribes used amber products in magical rituals. Amber amulets were worn to protect against illness and death in battle. People believed that amber “pulls” disease out of the body and “attracts” good luck. It was believed that amber jewelry warded off trouble, protected from the evil eye, brought success in love affairs, made a person stronger and smarter...
Of course, the possibilities of amber here are greatly exaggerated, but some things are not denied by modern science.
Of course, amber has a beneficial effect on the nervous system, its “sunny” color is pleasant to the eye, and touching a warm, smooth surface not only brings pleasure, but also helps to concentrate and gives self-confidence. I think we made itamber talisman, will also bring happiness and good luck to me and my family. Studying other stones that we encounter in everyday life, I decided to continue my research. I think that I will learn a lot of new and interesting things, because much of what surrounds us is made of stone or with its participation.

I am grateful to my teacher Irina Vasilyevna, the head of the school library Elena Ivanovna, and, of course, my mother and father for their help and advice in preparing the work, selecting literature, preparing material, and conducting experiments.

Bibliography:

Kulikov A.N., Gurlyand S.G. with the participation of Gurlyand G.A. Tell me why? M.: Bagira, 1995.

Lebedinsky V.I. IN amazing world stone, M.: Nedra, 1985.

Klenov A.S. Kids about minerals. M.: Pedagogy-Press, 2000

Kulikov B.F., Bukanov V.V. Dictionary of stones and gems, L.: Nedra, 1988.

Material used from the Internet:

http:// geoclub. people. ru/ amber/ main. htm

http:// jantar- Samocvet. people. ru/

Applications

Experience No. 1

In salt water, amber becomes lighter and the water pushes it to the surface.

Experience No. 2

The amber began to melt and then caught fire. When burning, black smoke was released and a pleasant smell appeared.

Experience No. 3

Amber is easy to process.

Experience No. 4

Amber can be obtained artificially with a rather interesting and unique pattern.

Experience No. 5

Amber melts, so small pieces can be glued together to make them more usable.

Municipal budgetary educational institution

secondary school No. 5

=========================================================

Research

Amber – magical tears of trees

Prepared by: Beloglazova Zlata , 4b grade student

Supervisor: Lebedeva Natalya Nikolaevna ,

primary school teacher

Nelidovo

Tver region

Introduction

I hold unusual stones in my hand. And they are unusual in that their origin is associated with living organisms. For example, chalk consists of the remains of small animals that once lived on Earth. The animals died, but their skeletons and shells remained. Coal is also a very interesting stone, which was formed from the remains of plants that have long disappeared from the face of the earth.

What is amber? And why did people of antiquity and modern people treat this natural miracle with equal love and attention?

Amber is the most mysterious treasure of our planet. Where did this unique stone come from, balancing somewhere on the line between living and dead? Who gave them the Earth and for what purpose?It may well be that amber is one of the first gems that ancient people used as jewelry and in medicinal purposes. In any case, it was often found in cave sites of ancient man and in Neolithic monuments...

Since people learned to use amber - and this happened at least 5-6 thousand years ago - attempts have been made repeatedly to unravel the mystery of its origin, myths and legends have been created. Let's try to look at amber from all sides and understand the secret of its attraction.

I was wondering: If this is amber, then what is it? Where did he come from? Why do people collect it?

And I decided to find out.

Goal of the work : find out what amber is.

Research objectives :

learn about amber from the Internet;

go on an excursion to the Karat store;

find out why amber attracts people's attention;

conduct experiments with amber.

Hypothesis : Suppose it is fossilized resin from ancient trees or congealed bee honey.

Object of study: origin, properties and uses of amber.

Subject of study: natural (natural amber)

Main part

2.1.Origin of amber

The first scientist to prove that amber is fossilized tree resin was the Roman writer Pliny the Elder. He drew attention to the resinous smell and smoky flame released when amber burned, and also to the fact that frozen insects and plant particles were often found in transparent amber.

Modern scientists have proven that amber is a child of unusual humid forests, where pines, sequoias, oaks, palms and vines coexisted, which approximately 40-45 million years ago grew on a vast territory of the southern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula and the shores of the Baltic Sea. Climate change during that period caused excessive resin leakage from trees. The trunks of these trees were so covered with streams of resin that it hung from them like icicles. Resin deposits did not always turn into amber. Most often they fell to the ground and gradually decomposed. The resin dried out and oxidized - in general, after several thousand years there was nothing left of it.

It turned into amber only when, having hardened, it fell into water, most likely into a lake or sea, where it was reliably sheltered from further changes and damage (erosion). Over time, the waves again threw the golden lump onto the shore, often carrying it far from the place where the tree that gave birth to it once grew.

Therefore, knowing the location of the find, we cannot speak with confidence about its origin.

Amber has always attracted not only jewelers and lovers of beauty, but also researchers of extinct beetles and insects, since the fossilized resin of prehistoric trees preserved the remains of animals and the remains of plants that inhabited the planet millions of years ago. Biologists are trying to decipher evidence from the distant past. This drama, frozen in amber, has occupied scientists at all times. It took place 125 million years ago.

The scene was a coniferous forest. Let's take a closer look at one of the trees. A small beetle crawls along its trunk, persistently moving its legs. He is looking for something, looking out. Similar insects to this day just as leisurely make their way along the rough bark of pines and spruces, looking for, for example, cracks in which to lay eggs.. Suddenly their body twitches slightly, but in vain, they cannot move from their place. It stuck, the legs got caught in a resin deposit. Trees secrete resin to heal their wounds - cracks. The life of the beetle ends in the golden viscous resin... but its suffocated body will not dissolve, will not disappear.

The resin has several specific properties - viscosity, stickiness, which can be preserved under certain conditions for many millions of years.

To the delight of scientists, amber is a fossil resin that has survived to this day.

And then the tree fell. The stream picked up a piece of resin, carried it into the sea, the waves threw it ashore... This happened many times. Sometimes this lump fell into the abyss, sometimes it settled on the ledge of a young mountain range. As time went. The climate and appearance of our planet, its flora and fauna have changed. 125 million years have passed.

People appeared on the ground, they accidentally found a beautiful transparent lump of resin, glowing with gold. Inside it, like a rare decoration, darkened a tiny beetle. The amber ended up in the museum, and from there into the laboratory. Here, from under the thick, viscous mass, a bug preserved with resin was removed. Biologists got to work!

Amber helps scientists comprehend the distant past. Each of these pieces of resin can be compared to a chronicle, which contains another chapter from the history of the Earth. It usually tells about the life of tiny beetles, spiders, moths, and about the forests and meadows where they lived.

Because of its beauty and unique colors, amber occupies one of the first places among other gemstones. The amber palette contains all the colors of the rainbow.

Sunstone, as amber is also called, fascinates and warms with its endless variety of colors: shades of ivory, gold, milky white, light yellow, dark brown, light blue, greenish, only Sicilian is emerald, bluish and purple.

Its transparency is also very different; there are pieces that are completely matte, but there are also pieces that are completely clear and pure, like water. Amber is found in pieces, often having the outline of a leaked liquid - like resin on trees, and sometimes an obtuse-angled, round, knobby, flattened shape.

In nature, amber occurs in small grains and large pieces, sometimes reaching several kilograms. It is extremely light, fragile, and easy to grind and polish.

This means that amber is a mineral of organic origin. This is the fossilized resin of coniferous trees that grew 30 - 60 million years ago. After their death, coniferous trees fell into marine sediments, where the wood turned into brown coals and the resin into amber. The brown coal was destroyed, and the amber accumulated in the remains of decomposition, called "blue-green earth", from which it was then washed away by the waves of the sea.

2.3. How and where is amber mined?

As mentioned above, 40-45 million years ago, climate change on the planet caused abundant resin leakage from trees. The resin was oxidized by atmospheric oxygen, became covered with a thick crust and accumulated in this form in the soil of ancient forests. Rivers and streams gradually washed the hardened lumps of resin out of the ground and carried them to the mouth of a large river that flowed into the ancient sea, located on the territory of the modern Kaliningrad region.

The most ancient method of extracting amber is collecting it on the sea coast. For a long time, this was the only way. Later, when people noticed that amber, along with tufts of algae, was rising to the surface of the water, another method appeared - they began to catch pieces with nets. Even later, people began to go out to sea in boats to get the sun stone.

The world's largest amber deposit is located in Russia in the Kaliningrad region. Today, the Kaliningrad Amber Combine mines amber near the village of Yantarny (formerly Palmniken), where about 90% of the world's reserves of amber, which is about 50 million years old, are concentrated.

The brightest object is the amber pyramid. She located near a quarry belonging to the world's largest amber plant, which mines this “sun stone”. It is located in the village of Yantarny in the Kaliningrad region. The opening of a unique monument took place in 2012 and was timed to coincide with the 65th anniversary of the amber plant. It is claimed to be the largest “sunstone” structure on earth. On a wooden frame made of beams and panels, approximately 500 kilograms of amber are laid out, and not cheap “crumbs”, but high-quality, expensive stones of various colors - white, green, yellow, black. Bottom part lined with darker varieties, the top with lighter varieties.

People already say that the Amber Pyramid heals diseases thanks to the special energy flows formed inside.

Amber deposits are found on all continents.
Amber finds are quite common, but it is not common everywhere. In addition to the powerful Baltic deposits, amber is known in many places: in Southern Sakhalin, the Urals, Pechora, and the northern coast of the Arctic Ocean.

Ambers of peculiar color or similar fossil resins are found in Romania (brown-yellow, almost black rumenite), in Sicily (garnet-red simetite), in Upper Burma (yellow, brownish, red birmite). But these deposits are small.

The Baltic people call it a piece of sun rays or a sun stone.

2.4. The use of amber in art

Touching it is very pleasant and that is why people have liked amber since ancient times. In appearance it resembles precious stones - yellow topaz, hyacinth and others - and at the same time - honey and resin, and in the association of thoughts - the smell of the forest and the sun, the beauty and simplicity of nature.

At all times, artists and jewelers created amber products diligently and lovingly, without unnecessary haste or fuss. They found the opportunity to create artistic objects of amazing beauty (jewelry, cameos, panels) and often in combination with other materials artistic objects (vases, cutlery, chess, sword and sword handles, decorative tables).

It is because of the unique artistic qualities of the sun stone that artists and sculptors created one of the most beautiful and mysterious wonders of the world - the Amber Room. Everything in this room was made of amber: vases, boxes, caskets, ship models, shelves, mirror frames.

Practical work with amber

I was wondering how one can determine whether amber is natural or not. I learned that amber is of plant origin, which means you can do the following simple experiments with it to make sure that amber is natural.

Experiment 1. Floating amber in salt water or the so-called water procedures

Density . According to literature data, the density of amber ranges from 0.97 to 1.25 g/cm 3. The density of amber is approximately equal to density of sea water. Amber sinks in fresh water and floats in salt water. That is why it is thrown so easily to the surface from the bottom of the sea.

The test with amber floating in salt water is impossible if the amber is set in metal and decorated with heavy elements made of other materials.

How to prepare saline solution?

Add 8-10 tablespoons of table salt to a glass of water. If you need a large volume of water, then make a supersaturated solution (with undissolved crystals of table salt at the bottom of the vessel). Natural (natural amber) should float. Counterfeits drown in such a solution. After the experiment, natural (natural amber) must be washed in fresh water and dried.

Experiment 2. Odor during friction and burning

Vigorous friction of natural (natural amber) against a cloth or palm until the temperature of the stone rises significantly will help you perceive a faint resinous aroma, reminiscent of the smell of pine or turpentine. Any synthetics give off a strong chemical smell.

It is possible to set fire to natural amber. This is what we should see if it is natural (natural amber). Amber begins to burn 3 seconds after contact with fire. In the fire, the burning of amber is accompanied by a surprisingly pleasant - clove-like - smell. If you keep it on the fire for another 2 seconds, and then take it away from the flame, it will continue to burn quite intensely on its own. In the combustion center, natural (natural amber) boils. The smoke from natural (natural amber) is black. As soon as the burning amber is extinguished, the remaining smoke emitted by the heated fragment of amber will amaze with the purity of its whiteness.

Eventually...
When purchasing amber jewelry in a store, it is not always possible to perform such experiments. The seller simply will not allow the decoration to be damaged by a hot needle or a sharp metal edge.
However, nothing will stop you from inspecting the amber jewelry in detail! I learned from additional literature that if the seller has a counterfeit banknote detector, he can be asked to check the amber for luminescence. A respectable merchant should not refuse.

In the light ultraviolet lamp amber luminesces to one degree or another. In transparent samples, a bluish glow of varying intensity is visible. As the transparency of the stone decreases, the glow effect weakens. Smoky translucent ambers glow pale blue. Untreated amber with a so-called sugar crust luminesces in brown tones.

Common sense and a little theory will help you understand the situation, where is natural (natural amber) and where is artificial amber.

The chance of buying a fake will be reduced to a minimum.

Conclusion

Amber was born from the magical tears of trees. Nature has generously endowed amber with all its colors and shades. It symbolizes the sun and beauty, personifies the energy of the Earth. But he is in no hurry to tell us his secrets. It still remains a mystery to us and is one of the most beautiful and alluring works of nature.

Thus:

Having studied literature, I learned what amber is;

learned how amber is used;

I learned why amber attracts human attention;

conducted experiments to study the properties of amber, and was convinced that amber burns, melts, emits a subtle pine aroma, does not sink in salt water, and attracts light objects like a magnet.

5. List of references used

Sobolevsky V.I. “Wonderful minerals” - M.: Education; 1983

Lebedinsky V.I. In the wonderful world of stone, M.: Nedra, 1985.

Kulikov B.F., Bukanov V.V. Dictionary of stones and gems, L.: Nedra, 1988.

Material used from the Internet:

http://geoclub.narod.ru/yantar/main.htm

Conclusion

Bibliography

Radikovskaya Anna, 2nd grade

Project Manager:

Zaitseva Olga Vladimirovna

Institution:

MBOU "Secondary school No. 96", Samara

In his research work on the surrounding world "Amber - magical tears of trees" I plan to collect interesting material about amber and prove its value for people and its role in human life. I will tell you about one of the most amazing materials created by nature and time.

Amber is one of the most beautiful and alluring works of nature. I was very interested in this beautiful natural material.

Therefore, I decided to conduct a fascinating research project (project) on the surrounding world in elementary school on the topic “Amber - the magical tears of trees”, to expand my knowledge and the knowledge of my classmates in this area.

During research project on the surrounding world on the topic "Amber - magical tears of trees" by a student primary school work is being done to study the literature on the research topic, the value of amber and its role in human life is determined, the value of amber as a natural material in human life is proven.

Introduction
1. What is amber?
2. Use of amber
2.1. Treatment with amber
2.2. the Amber Room
3. How and where amber is mined
Conclusion. conclusions
List of used literature.
Applications of work

Introduction

- hardened resin that retains the smell of the forest, the shine of the sun, and the beauty of nature. But it's not that simple!

Thousands of secrets and mysteries are hidden in the very depths of amber. People have always admired amber, rewarded by creating some of the most wonderful works of art from it.

For many hundreds of years, amber has been helping the scientific world to uncover many mysteries of the evolution of the animal and plant world and to better understand the history of our planet.

Already in the 4th millennium BC. Amber was widely used by the inhabitants of the Baltic Sea coast. They learned to process it - grind, saw, drill, and create various decorations and amulets in the form of human and animal figures.

Object of study– amber.

Subject of study– the value of amber for people and the possibilities of its use.

Objectives of the study– collect as much interesting material about amber as possible, prove its value to people.

Tasks:
- study the literature on the research topic;
- study the value of amber and its role in human life;
- prove that amber is valuable natural material In human life.

Research hypothesis: amber is a highly valuable natural material.

What is amber?

Let's try to look at amber from all sides and understand the secret of its attraction.

- This is petrified tree resin.
Modern scientists have proven that amber is a child of unusual humid forests, where pines, sequoias, oaks, palms and vines coexisted, which approximately 40-45 million years ago grew on a vast territory of the southern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula and the shores of the Baltic Sea.

Climate change during that period caused excessive resin leakage from trees. When placed in water, the resin hardened into pieces.

fragile but ductile, flammable, composed of carbon (78%), oxygen (11%) and hydrogen (10%)

Amber helps scientists comprehend the distant past. Each of these pieces of resin can be compared to a chronicle, which contains another chapter from the history of the Earth.

Touching it is very pleasant and that is why people have liked amber since ancient times.

Its variety of colors - from wine red to milky white, transparency, easy polishability, comparative hardness and structure, allowing carving, turning, sawing, engraving, make amber one of the most versatile materials in use.

Application of amber

Amber is easy to cut, grind and polish. Jewelry is made from it.
Amber is a dielectric. Used in instrument making.
Amber varnish is prepared from amber.
Succinic acid is used in medicine, cosmetology and agronomy.

Scientists have proven the usefulness of amber for the human body.

Amber has been used in cosmetics and perfumes since the times of the Egyptian pharaohs. It is added to medicinal toothpaste and soap.

Treatment with amber

Amber is used to treat:
- thyroid disease;
- diseases of the upper respiratory tract;
- muscle and joint pain;
- headache;
- migraine;
- rheumatic pain;
- cosmetic effect;
- stress, chronic fatigue;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

If you wear the stone on your body in the form of amber beads, you can normalize blood pressure and improve immunity.

It is because of the unique artistic and plastic qualities of amber that artists and jewelers created from this material one of the most beautiful mysterious wonders of the world - the Amber Room.

In the amber room everything was made of amber: vases, boxes, caskets, candelabra, chess sets, ship models, shelves, mosaic paintings, mirror frames.

How and where is amber mined?

Main locations of amber:
1. Coast of the Baltic Sea.

2. Prussian coast.

3. West coast of Denmark, shore of the Arctic Ocean.

4. From time to time, amber was found in Siberia, Kamchatka, Finland, Portugal, Spain, France, and Holland.

5. Particularly beautiful amber, with a bright fiery color, is found in Sicily on the northern coast of Africa, and in Mexico.

The most ancient method of extracting amber is collecting it on the sea coast.
For a long time, this was the only way. Later, when people noticed that amber, along with tufts of algae, was rising to the surface of the water, another method appeared - they began to catch pieces with nets. Even later, people began to go out to sea in boats to get the sun stone.