ACQUAINTANCE OF CHILDREN OF SENIOR PRESCHOOL AGENCY WITH DECORATIVE DECORATIVE - APPLIED ART OF THE PEOPLES OF THE AMURYUR BY APPLICATION

... ... ... Folk art in our multinational country has a special place. It reflects the originality, artistic genius of the people: its poetry, imagination, imaginative thinking, wise simplicity of views and feelings; praises the best features of a national character - courage, humanity, devotion to civic duty, homeland, honesty, heroic strength, optimism; brings its most significant achievements to the treasury of a single international culture .... ... ...

For centuries, people have sought in an art form to express their attitude to life, love of nature, their understanding of beauty. Products of decorative and applied art that children will see reveal to them the richness of the culture of the people, help them learn mores, customs passed down from generation to generation, learn to understand and love the beautiful.

The ornamental basis of folk art is available to preschoolers for perception and reflection in creative activity. Bright and pure colors of patterns, symmetry and rhythm of alternating forms attract children, make them want to reproduce what they see. This necessitates a deeper study by the teacher of the creative experience of folk craftsmen, mastering the skills of depicting folk ornaments, the appropriate organization of work with children to familiarize themselves with folk art and teaching them the ability to create patterns based on decorating household items, costumes, etc.

Among the diverse types of folk ornament, the most accessible for perception and depiction by preschool children is applique - the oldest way to decorate products made of felt, leather, cloth, birch bark, paper.

Folk ornament in applique made of different materials.

The main forms of ornamentation of products evolved in close collaboration with the originality of the history of the culture of the people, with the peculiarities of their way of life and life, work, the environment, climatic conditions and the presence of natural materials. During the long historical process of the formation of national traditions of ornamentation, methods for processing natural material, motifs of patterns, their composition and color structure were created.

Folk artists draw the content of ornaments from the surrounding life, but They do not just copy its images, but, being distracted from the individual characteristics of a particular flower, bird, animal or insect, freely process them into decorative forms. But, despite the fact that in the ornaments the images are transferred planarly, their real shapes and proportions change, the natural size ratio is violated, the patterns are endowed with a rich color, the thrill of life, they are real in their own way.

Folk arts and crafts has great potential for a variable interpretation of the composition of the ornament, characterized by symmetry, balance of its elements.

Essential in the ornament is color. Folk craftsmen were well aware of the effect of color not only on vision, but also on the psyche of people. They took into account that certain phenomena, specific moods and experiences are often associated with one color or another in a person’s mind. Craftsmen in the color scheme of the ornament prefer red material. It is with red color that the concept of joy, fun, triumph and happiness is associated. It causes in our minds joyful associations with the sun, with the source of all life on Earth.

In products created by folk craftsmen, in most cases, a colored background is used, which enhances the sound of the ornament, softens it, generally creating a rich color palette.

Soft Appliques

  Peoples of the Amur Region(Nanai, Ulchi, Orochi, Udege, etc.) are engaged in fishing and hunting. Dexterous female hands learned to make elegant animals, shoes and other household items out of animal skins and fish skin, using colorful overhead applications for their ornamentation.

The main type of clothing of the Amur peoples is bathrobes. They are abundantly decorated with applications along the neckline, along the side, sleeves and hem (Fig. 1).

Carpets are originally performed. Their canvas is divided into squares, circles, triangles. On the plane of each of them are placed applications. They are sewn together, and their connecting seams are masked with decorative braid or embroidery. The identity of the Nanai carpets lies in the color diversity. They are dominated by green, orange, yellow, blue tones with complex combinations of ocher, green, blue, white colors.

Fig. 1. Nanai bathrobe.

Applications from soft materials in decorative and applied arts products emphasize the beauty and variety of national ornaments, established traditions of using natural materials and images in them, original compositions and colors.

Solid applique

Products made of solid materials (metal, bone, wood, birch bark) are often decorated with patch or slotted patterns made using nailing, soldering, silvering, and through threads.

In the through thread technique, ornaments are created from iron and tin, as well as from wood, bone and birch bark.

This technique created jewelry chests, caskets with compositions of stripes and curls, which were attached to a wooden base. The beauty of the combinations and the outline of the pattern were emphasized by colored mica linings. Through the openwork of the slot, she gleamed with a warm sparkling flicker.

Fig. 2. Box of birch bark with glued patterns.

The ingenuity of Nanai craftsmen, as well as Ulchi and Nivkh masters (Amur Region) is manifested in the decoration of birch bark objects with applications from painted birch bark, fish skin and paper. The pattern is cut out of birch bark, painted, as a rule, in black. Elements of this pattern are glued with fish glue, and then they are sewn along the contour with tendon threads with rare stitches. When a thin application is created (in one layer of birch bark or fish skin), the ornament is glued like paper.

Thus, the use of various solid materials in creating overheads or patterns embedded in the surface of decorated objects encouraged masters to search for more artistic expressiveness of the ornament, to create new ways of attaching applications.

  ORNAMENTS OF PEOPLES OF AMURURYA (NANAYSEV)

In Nanai applications, the main elements of the pattern are formed by the method of combinations of horn-like curls, spiral shapes. Curls resemble the shapes of snails, snakes, worms. Very often, their outlines come close to the outlines of the shape of fish and birds.

Elements of the Nanai ornament are obtained by folding the workpiece in half to transfer the symmetrical arrangement of the opposite parts in the cuts. (Figure 3 depicts 10 elements of a national Nanai ornament.)

Fig. 3. Varieties of Nanai application patterns.

The simplest element is cut by symmetricalimages. Several identical figures are obtained by folding the stripe with an accordion (Fig. 3, 1). The arrangement of patterned motifs emphasizes the gradual complication of the outlines of the patterns: from the image of a single curl with a process, horseshoe-shaped figures to the cutting of complex curls with various branches and combinations. So, in horseshoe-shaped forms (rice .3, 2) a simple rounding of paired curls is interpreted either in the form of a wave-like motif, then with processes and spirals bent to each other. These elements are cut from rectangular sheets after dividing in half along a vertical section. The length of the rectangle is taken depending on the structural features of the element so that the half-length of the figure fully fits into the folded part. Further, more complex applications are placed, in which the directionality of opposed curls with additional branches, processes, and grooves is displayed differently.in parts. Preschoolers can only cut these elements along the drawn outline on half the workpiece. Two other elements (Fig. ) also complex, in them weaves of curls are given in mirror image with each other. Their use in children's applications is possible only in partial execution according to the contour previously outlined by the teacher.

Combinations of traditional elements based on folk ornaments are used to decorate national clothes, shoes, carpets, etc.

Fig. 4. Motives for decorating Nanai items.

Consider the ornamentation in the decoration of some products - bathrobes, mittens, slippers (Fig. 4). The hahaha ornament goes along the neckline and on the sleeves. Colored stripes accentuate the main lines of the silhouette, highlighting the smell, hemline. On the mittens   the back decoration is decorated with an applique, forming a closed patterned solution in combination with fur on the swords. Slippers they are ornamented with openwork stripes on the vamps and sides with a continuous pattern, the decorativeness of which is achieved by arranging colored linings under the slots. This technique is used by Nanai craftswomen to colorfully contrast the two contrasting colors of the background and the pattern. Widely used by Nanai people are such combinations as blue with white and red, black with white and blue, red with yellow and black. These color combinations along with the diverse curls of the object in a clear rhythm and alternation allow the teacher to organize acquaintance of children of preschool agewith the peculiarity of arts and crafts of the peoples of the Amur region.

  Sources.

Bogateeva 3. A.   Applications based on folk ornament in kindergarten: A manual for the educator children. the garden. - M .: Education, 1982.-175 p. silt

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MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY INSTITUTION OF ADDITIONAL EDUCATION

PALACE OF CREATIVITY OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH

“Application as a type of activity of preschool children”

Lavrentieva Lyudmila Konstantinovna -   teacher of additional education;

Edited by Glushchenko N.N. - Deputy Director for scientific and methodological work.

Introduction …………………………………………………………………………….

Application as a type of folk arts and crafts ..................................................................... ..............................

Geometric ornament in children's applications ...........................

List of references…………………………………………………………….

Introduction

Man by nature is an artist. He is everywhere

One way or another, she seeks to bring beauty into her life ...

Beautiful things bring up

creative imagination of people and respect for their work.

M. Gorky

Folk art in a national culture of the country has a special place. It reflects the originality, artistic genius of the people: its poetry, imagination, imaginative thinking, wise simplicity of views and feelings; glorifies the best features of a national character.

For centuries, people have sought in an art form to express their attitude to life, love of nature, their understanding of beauty. The products of decorative and applied art that children see reveal to them the richness of the culture of the people, help them learn the customs passed down from generation to generation, and teach them to understand and love the beautiful.

The ornamental basis of folk art is close and accessible to preschoolers to perceive and display in creative activity. Bright and pure colors of patterns, symmetry and rhythm of alternating forms attract children, make them want to reproduce what they see.

These guidelines, consider the sequence of complication of patterns during the reproduction by their children of preschool age in the classroom and in independent artistic activities. Addressed to teachers of further education and will help in the training of preschool children in creating more complex options for the ornament of geometric shapes.

Application as a type of folk arts and crafts

Among the diverse types of folk ornament, the most accessible for perception and depiction by preschool children is application - the oldest way to decorate products from felt, leather, fur, cloth, birch bark, paper. In addition, the sequence of complication of patterns during the reproduction by their children of preschool age in the classroom and in independent artistic activity is considered.

Folk decorative and applied art has great potential for a variable interpretation of the composition of the ornament, which is distinguished by its symmetry and poise of its elements.

Essential in the ornament is color. Folk craftsmen were well aware of the effect of color not only on vision, but also on the psyche of people. They took into account that certain phenomena, specific moods and experiences are often associated with one color or another in a person’s mind. Craftsmen in the color scheme of the ornament prefer red material. It is with red color that the concept of joy, fun, triumph and happiness is associated. It causes in our consciousness associations with the sun, the source of all life on Earth.

Selecting the motifs of a folk ornament to reproduce them in children's applications, one must take into account the accessibility of the image technique and the degree of expressiveness of the patterns in the patterns.

For example, ornaments made up of combinations of geometric shapes expressively look in the application: squares, triangles, stripes, rosettes of different colors (Fig. 2);

they adorn towels, belts, fabrics, carpets. Performing applications based on folk ornaments, children learn to understand the principles of artistic generalization, learn techniques for creative improvisation of decorative images, learn to see color combinations in ornaments, compare shapes, sizes, position of elements on the plane of an object.

The disclosure of the specifics of decorative art should go hand in hand with the formation of aesthetic perceptions and feelings of children, the development of their needs to recreate the beautiful, and educate them in a careful attitude to works of folk art. To perform applications on samples of folk ornaments, you can use geometric, floral (Fig. 3)

and horn-shaped figures, widespread in the decorative arts of different nations. These figures and their simplest combinations in patterns can be performed by children 5-7 years old. Examining geometric ornaments provides for the mastery of the ability to cut narrow and wider stripes, squares, triangles, circles and ovals, including them in the content of the patterns. Older children reinforce these skills by teaching them how to create more complex geometric shapes and their patterned combinations. When planning applique classes, the teacher should draw up visual samples, inscribing patterns of geometric figures into the silhouettes of traditional national objects: scarves, aprons, hats, belts, (Fig. 4) bags, carpets (Fig. 5,6).

When selecting and compiling samples based on folk ornaments, the teacher should take into account the following provisions:

Elements of ornaments should realistically reflect familiar images of plants, birds and other elements familiar to children, not excluding some features of generalization, fairy tale in their interpretation. A fabulous interpretation of natural objects in patterns is a peculiar method of transforming reality, which forms the basis of the creative activity of folk artists.

Preschoolers are attracted to products whose decoration has a brighter color, made up of combinations of contrasting tones in various combinations.

3. The compositional structure of the samples should be clear. It should be easy to guess the rhythm, the alternation of elements in color, size, shape, symmetry of the arrangement of parts depending on the surface configuration of the decorated object. (Fig. 7)

Samples of applications should not distort the outlines of the original ornamental motifs, especially the layout of elements according to composition, color and other signs, which, however, does not mean accuracy, copying ornaments. Adhering to the main features of the folk pattern, the teacher can vary in different ways the color characteristics, the ratio of elements in size, location on the decoration plane.

Geometric ornament in children's applications

In the Russian folk arts and crafts, geometric ornament was widely used. The variety of design of decorative and applied arts products lies mainly in countless combinations of the same figures (circle, rhombus, square, triangle, socket) (Fig. 8)

Thanks to the use of bright colors and various shapes, an original decoration is created. Large squares are rhythmically repeated and filled with a geometric figure from the halves of the same squares connected by verticals. Red, blue, black, violet, white, orange tones alternate in them and create the extraordinary beauty of the pattern. These local features of the use of color characterize the features of the decoration of the folk costume and everyday and festive household items. Three groups of elements were selected for preschoolers to display elements of Russian folk weaving. The first includes simple combinations of triangles, squares and stripes by matching them with each other in one or more rows. The second group includes varieties of town figures obtained by combining narrow stripes. The third group is made up of combinations of geometric shapes forming stylized rosette flowers. Squares are cut out of strips, the width and length of which should allow you to get the right amount of elements to build a pattern. And triangles are obtained by cutting a square blank in half diagonally. (Fig. 9)

The sequence of displaying motifs of folk ornaments in the application provides for mastering the skills, firstly, to depict individual elements according to the model and the teacher showing cutting techniques, and secondly, to create combinations of elements in the application according to the laws of composition and color, adopted in the art of this people, based on examining products and variable designs, thirdly, to creatively use the acquired skills and motives of folk designs when performing appliqués according to the plan. In addition, the children must be given the necessary set of colored paper, which allows them to choose the necessary combinations not only to their taste, but also on the basis of the learned traditions of folk art. For a more complete development of creative abilities, at the disposal of children it is necessary to give product silhouettes that are different in color and shape, sheets of multi-colored paper. Each child must independently choose both the basis and the elements of the ornament, try different techniques and methods of ornamentation to create an original version of the application solution.

When making jewelry from multi-colored paper based on folk ornaments, you can use the technique of decorative mosaics. (Fig. 10).

Paper mosaics can be made from more layers. The complexity of paper processing, its flexibility when folding and cutting, allows you to get many color options for the same pattern.

Different forms of using folk ornament, a combination of different types of children's activities in creating patterns allow us to diversify the beauty and originality of decorative art, help to understand the specific language of folk art, culture.

Folk decorative art is an integral part of Russian folk culture and actively influences the formation of artistic tastes.

List of references

Bogateeva Z. A. Motives of folk ornaments in children's applications. - M.: Education, 1986 - 207 p.

Decorative motifs and ornaments of all times and styles. - Moscow .: Astrel, 2010 - 224 p.

  “A man by nature is an artist. Everywhere, one way or another, he seeks to bring beauty into his life ...

"Beautiful things bring up creative imagination, respect for the people who create such beauty, pride in their homeland, which has grown such amazing miracles - craftsmen."

Maksim Gorky.

The main directions of education reform are aimed at the formation of high ideological and moral-patriotic qualities, industriousness, aesthetic culture, preschool children in the spirit of love for their multinational homeland, in the spirit of internationalism and fraternal friendship between peoples, respect for national dignity, national culture.

The education of Russia, based on the relations of genuine equality, mutual assistance and cooperation, respect and mutual trust between peoples, has opened up great opportunities for the manifestation of talents and talents, the heyday of the culture of all nations and nationalities.

Folk art in a national culture of Russia occupies a special place. It reflects the originality, artistic genius of the people: its poetry, imagination, imaginative thinking, wise simplicity of views and feelings, singing the best features of the national character - courage, humanity, devotion to the motherland, honesty, heroic strength, optimism.

For centuries, people have sought in an art form to express their attitude to life, love of nature, their understanding of beauty. Products of decorative and applied art that children see, reveal to them the richness of the culture of the people, help them learn the customs transmitted from generation to generation.

The ornamental basis of folk art is close and accessible to preschoolers to perceive and display in creative activity. Bright and pure colors of patterns, symmetry and rhythm of alternating forms attract children, make them want to reproduce what they see.

Among the diverse types of folk ornament, the most accessible for perception and image by children is application.

Application is the oldest way to decorate products made of felt, leather, fur, cloth, birch bark, paper.

The main forms of product ornamentation took shape in close cooperation with the originality of the history of the culture of the people, with the peculiarities of their way of life and life, work, environment, climatic conditions and the presence of natural materials.

Essential in the ornament is color. Folk craftsmen were well aware of the effect of color not only on vision, but also on the psyche of people. They took into account that the definition of a phenomenon, specific moods and experiences are often associated with one color or another in a person’s mind. Craftsmen in the color scheme of the ornament prefer red material. It is with red color that the concept of joy, fun, triumph and happiness is associated. It causes in our consciousness associations with the sun, the source of all life on earth.

Let us dwell on the features of folk ornament in the applications of the peoples of Russia, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, the prevailing nationalities in our republic of Bashkortostan. To perform applications on samples of folk ornaments, you can use geometric, floral, horn-shaped figures.

Applique

based on Russian ornament.

In the Russian folk arts and crafts (later NDI) - embroidery, carving and painting on wood, lace, knitting and other types - has become widespread geometric ornament. Due to the use of bright colors and various shapes in them, an original decoration of wooden platbands of windows and pediments of houses, furniture, household utensils, clothes is created. The image of circles and rosettes is especially common - our distant ancestors depicted the sun in this way.

Motifs of woven ornaments.   which are based on simple and colorful combinations of geometric shapes from squares, rhombuses, triangles and stripes. In different regions of Russia, stable features of patterned weaving were created. In their products, paints sounded as a single, united chord. Some motifs of geometrized ornaments of such traditional products of Russian folk life as spinning wheels, tueski, ladles are also suitable for applications.

Applications from plant elements of Russian folk embroidery.

In Russian folk art, embroidery was widely used. It has long been decorated with tablecloths, napkins, towels, linen.

Many floral motifs of Russian folk embroideries are excellent visual art material for applications. The clarity and decorativeness of the constituent elements of embroidery, the diversity and locality of its coloring, the open rhythmic structure of the embroidery pattern are available for reproduction for children of preschool age.

Bashkir ornaments.

The traditional forms of Bashkir applications go back to the ornamentation of nomadic household items, clothes and shoes. Among them were scoops for women's saddles, carpets, curtains, shoes with cloth shafts, stockings from homespun cloth decorated with geometric patterns.

The basic elements of the Bashkir geometric patterns are quite diverse. Among heart-shaped, spiral-shaped, undulating figures, squares, triangles and needle lines are often found. Their simplicity with the simplicity of outlines is achieved mainly by bright and warm color. Combinations of red, green, yellow, black are common. So at the ends of towels, tablecloths, the background is usually red, on which green and yellow ornaments look good.

The compositional structure of Bashkir jewelry is symmetrical, due to the features of the form, purpose and size of the products. Patterns are located either in the form of borders, then in separate sockets, or even in a continuous grid.

Patterns with simple combinations of stripes, triangles, squares, rhombuses, including figures inscribed in each other, are recommended as patterns of ornaments in applications available for children to play. It is also possible to use some spiral elements to decorate traditional household items, towels, aprons, tablecloths, carpets, etc.

When performing applications based on Bashkir motifs, great attention should be paid to the color design of ornaments. First of all, it is necessary to apply a traditional set of colors, where the main place should occupy a combination of red with green, yellow, black. The ornament must be enlivened by the background color. So, on red paper, green, yellow, black elements stand out clearly, and on black, on the contrary, red elements in combination with green, yellow, white tones.

Folk decorative and applied art introduces the child into the rich world of objects and images, characterized by a riot of colors, a variety of forms, and bright ornamental structures. This causes a lively emotional response and activates the creativity of children, the desire to reflect in their own way what they saw in the drawing or application, which in turn helps to shape the personality, nurture the child’s interest and love for the art of their people, pride and love for the Motherland, both for the small, Bashkortostan, and for the Motherland - mother, great Russia.

Lavreshina Anastasia Vladimirovna, student of grade 2 “a”, KSU “Basic School No. 2 of Serebryansk”, Republic of Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan region, Serebryansk

Head: Lavreshina Irina Georgievna; primary school teacher, deputy director for water management of KSU "Basic School No. 2 of Serebryansk"; Republic of Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan region, Zyryanovsky district, Serebryansk

Based on folk ornaments

Work schedule:

My doll during the game asked to dress her very beautifully. I drew a dress for her, a scarf, a hat, boots, and she didn’t like it, because things were not smart, beautifully decorated. In the book I came across there are a lot of interesting pictures with beautifully decorated shirts, belts, scarves, mittens. They were decorated with ornaments of different nations. I was wondering: how do the ornaments of one people differ from the ornaments of another people and how are they similar, and in general why are they needed? I liked the bright colors of the patterns so much that I wanted to do what I saw with my own hands.

goal :   development of interest in folk art

Tasks:

1. To get acquainted with ornaments and its characteristic features on the example of the art of some peoples living in the republic.

2. Develop the need to create the beautiful and master the skills of depicting folk ornaments.

3. To foster a caring attitude to the works of folk art, to form an aesthetic perception and feelings

Hypothesis: knowledge of the features of the ornament of one or another people contributes to the development of interest in folk art, the desire to create something with your own hands and, of course, friendship between people of different nations.

The following methods were used in the work: analysis of sources on the problem, comparison, practical exercises in mastering the skills of depicting folk ornaments.

Folk ornament in applications

Folk artists draw the content of ornaments from the surrounding life, but they do not simply copy its images, but, being distracted from the individual characteristics of a particular flower, bird, animal or insect, freely process them into decorative forms. But, despite the fact that in the ornaments the images are transmitted planarly, their real shapes and proportions change, the natural size ratio is violated. Patterns are endowed with rich color, thrill of life. They are real in their own way.

Essential in the ornament is color. Folk craftsmen were well aware of the effect of color not only on vision, but also on the psyche of people. They took into account that certain phenomena, specific moods and experiences are often associated with one color or another in a person’s mind. Craftsmen in the color scheme of the ornament prefer red material. It is with red color that ideas about joy, fun, triumph and happiness are associated. It causes in our minds joyful associations with the sun, with the source of all life on Earth.

In products created by folk craftsmen, in most cases, a colored background is used, which enhances the sound of the ornament, softens it, generally creating a rich color palette. Such examples are presented in abundance in patterns of Russian embroideries, Uzbek suzans, Moldovan rugs, Tatar patterned shoes, headdresses, Ukrainian paper clippings, Kyrgyz felt products ..

Elements of folk ornament

To perform applications on the images of folk ornaments, geometric, floral and horn-shaped figures are widely used in the decorative and applied art of different peoples.

Geometric ornament

Geometric shapes - narrow and wider stripes, squares, triangles, circles and ovals. Patterns of geometric shapes were included in the silhouettes of traditional national objects. Scarves, aprons, hats, belts, bibs, bags, carpets

Floral patterns in the ornament

Floral ornaments serve as a means of artistic decoration of items such as trays, vases, hats, aprons, shoes, belts, towels, walkways, etc. Features of their jewelry can be widely used in the practice of teaching children applications to create a variety of ornamental compositions.

In ornamentation using plant forms, the symmetrical image of the pattern achieved by the method of bending the workpiece into pieces is of great importance. This helps to convey such qualities in applications. The proportionality of their distribution from the middle axis and center, the same structure and shape of the repeating elements.

Horn-shaped elements in the ornament.

In the ornamental art of peoples involved in cattle breeding, horn-shaped figures were widely used. In the form of a horn-like curl, cruciform, rhomboid or eight-pointed forms with horn-shaped branches. Such elements find artistic expression in the pattern design of various household items, clothes, shoes. Most often, these ornaments are made using the technique of applique or mosaic made of soft materials.

Motives of Russian geometric ornament

In the Russian folk arts and crafts, embroidery, carving and wood painting, weaving. Lace weaving, knitting and other types of geometric patterns were widely used. The variety of design of decorative and applied arts products lies mainly in countless combinations of the same figures of a circle, rhombus, square, triangle, socket. Due to the use of bright colors and various shapes in them, an original decoration of wooden platbands of windows and pediments of houses, furniture, household utensils, clothes is created. Elements of Russian folk ornament can be widely used in the design of the silhouettes of traditional household items. Spinning wheel, towels, gaps, aprons, tueski, buckets, salt shakers, pillowcases, etc. They are made of colored paper in characteristic combinations of white with red, blue and green, red with blue and yellow, yellow with red and green.

Kalmyk geometric patterns

The main feature of Kalmyk ornaments is the reticulation of the pattern. This is achieved by a combination of light and dark squares. Rhombuses and triangles. They are arranged in tape order when decorating belts, Kamchatka hats in the form of caps. Borders of beshmet or sleeveless jackets and other items of the Kalmyk costume. The decorativeness of simple compositions is achieved by contrasting the combination of yellow elements with white, red with green and white.

Kalmyk ornaments are built mainly on the basis of the interaction of individual parts with the background color on which they are located. Background in the overall color system plays an active role. In decorating things, the color of the background and ornament interacted with each other.

Bashkir ornaments

The basic elements of the Bashkir geometric patterns are quite diverse. Among the heart-shaped, spiral, wavy figures, squares, serrated lines and complex combinations of these elements are often found. Their simplicity with the simplicity of outlines is achieved mainly by bright and warm color. The compositional structure of Bashkir jewelry is symmetrical, due to the peculiarities of the shape, purpose and size of the product. Patterns are located either in the form of borders, then in separate sockets, or even in a continuous grid. Such ornaments are used to decorate towels. Aprons, shawls, tablecloths, kumysnits, boots.

Applications based on ornaments of the peoples of the North

Restrained beauty and rigor are distinguished by the applications of the peoples of the North, made of fur, leather, and suede. In the natural combination of tones of brown with white, dark gray with light gray, red-red with white, the mean charm of northern nature is warmly and gently displayed. Ornament elements are sewn in the form of separately created closed figures included in a square, rhombus, rectangle.

Ukrainian folk ornament

In this ornament, figures are used in which the signs of similarity with the natural forms of plants are most clearly displayed. Tulip, mallow, cloves. Catchment area. They are made by traditional techniques for Ukrainian craftsmen. Modifications to the structure of the petals. Their number and color, pasting several figures on each other. The combination of red and blue, raspberry, yellow, purple, green tones on a light background of the product emphasizes the festivity, the elegance of the pattern.

Kazakh folk ornament

The artistic traditions of Kazakh applications are due to the decoration of felt carpets (syrmak, tuskizy, tekmety), bags for storing dishes (ayak kapov), leather belts, vessels for koumiss (torsyk), cases for bowls. Various variations of the motif of the “ram’s horn” are skillfully woven by the craftswomen into the peculiar outlines of the contour of these products. Elements of the Kazakh ornament are widely used in the patterned decoration of many objects. So, border ornaments are used for belts, carpet rims, braid for tightening the skeleton of a yurt (bau). Figures with curls most often fit into the central field of carpets, covers for chests, bags.

Tatar folk ornament

Tulip motifs of various shapes, colors. Primary colors: Green, blue, yellow, red, white.

Kyrgyz folk ornament

Kyrgyz patterns are characterized by elements with horn-like curls. The correct organization of the combination of the pattern with the background, their clear consistency is important.

Estonian folk ornaments

Geometric ornaments are widely used in Estonian embroidery, pattern embossing on leather, woven products and wooden inlays. Geometric ornaments consist of combinations of triangles, squares, circles, stripes. They make out carpets, bedspreads, towels, belts, hats, ribbons, etc. Intense shades of bright red, blue, green, yellow, raspberry tones prevail.

Conclusion

In the course of the work, we came to the conclusion: Acquaintance with folk art, in particular knowledge of the peculiarities of folk ornaments, helps to better understand the culture and traditions of different peoples, and forms a sense of friendship and mutual assistance.

References

1.Bogateeva Z.A. Motives of folk ornaments in children's applications. Enlightenment 1986

2. Sakulina N.P., Komarova T.S. Methods of teaching visual activity and design Enlightenment 1979