The article will tell you how you can make it yourself and use a cardboard box. Here you will find templates and master classes on making boxes of different shapes.

A box is the easiest way to pack or hide something. The box can serve as an excellent means of storing things: jewelry, cards, small items and cosmetics. Of course, modern stores will provide you with a lot of options for boxes: large, small, curly, square, with lids, decorated and simple cardboard.

It is much more pleasant to create something with your own hands and decorate it the way you would like it and the way the product itself will correspond to the style of the holiday, room, or occasion. You can make a craft from absolutely any cardboard. The material can be purchased at a craft store (you will find big choice colors and textures of cardboard), or you can use the one in which household appliances are often packaged (refrigerators, for example, or washing machines).

For work you will need:

• Cardboard (as much as needed for your preferred size product).
• Hot glue (you can, of course, use any other glue, but hot glue is preferable due to its quick drying and strong bonding of the material).
• Template (with the help of it you can understand exactly how you should cut, bend and glue the material).
• Scissors and pencil - for marking and cutting. This is necessary to ensure that your product looks neat and aesthetically pleasing.

IMPORTANT: There are two main types of cardboard boxes with lids. One assumes the presence of a lid that covers the top of the box, the other - a lid that folds back, but is part of the box.

Flip lid box template

Box template with cover lid

How to make a box with a lid step by step:

• Prepare all the supplies, print the template for the box on a printer or draw it in the exact proportions on cardboard.
• Cut out two elements from cardboard
• Start folding the dotted lines and gluing them carefully.
• Press the edges firmly to hold the material together.
• Let the product dry a little
• After drying, you can decorate the box to your liking.

Video: “Box: master class”

How to make a round cardboard box: diagram, template

A round cardboard box is a very beautiful and practical product that will always find its use. Having decorated it to your liking, you can store jewelry and jewelry, sewing and embroidery kits inside, cosmetical tools, clippings and more.

Making a round cardboard box is a little more difficult than, for example, a square one. However, it is quite possible to “figure it out” with your own hands, without spending a lot of money on materials. Use thick cardboard and follow the template provided exactly; you can only change the size, but not the shape of the parts.

How to make a round cardboard box, templates:

Round Cardboard Box Template No. 1

What parts does a round cardboard box consist of: template No. 2

In what order should the parts of a round box be glued together: template No. 3

Round cardboard box with handle: finished product

Video: “Gift box or casket made of cardboard: detailed master class”

How to make a heart box from cardboard?

A heart-shaped box is much more difficult to make than a round or square box. However, if you follow the tips and templates, you can easily create this beautiful piece.

A heart-shaped box is not only a storage box, it is an ideal packaging for giving a gift to a loved one. Such a box can be filled with many surprises: sweets, souvenirs, trinkets, gifts, keychains, flower petals, even butterflies can fit in it.

IMPORTANT: The heart box is in many ways similar to a round box, but here everything depends on the bottom: if it is proportional, then the whole product can look neat and even. The box has two bottoms: internal and external, the walls of the box are attached according to the principle of a round box.

Different templates for making a heart-shaped cardboard box:

Heart-shaped box template from one piece: template No. 1

Heart-shaped box template from one piece: template No. 2

Step-by-step work in photos:

Prepare identical hearts: two bottoms and a lid

Cover the bottom with the side of the box

Fix and wait until completely dry, make a lid

Video: “Heart-shaped box: master class”

How to make boxes from paper and cardboard?

Giving gifts in bags, cellophane wrappers and paper wrappers is no longer attractive and is considered a sign of “bad taste.” Your gift will look much more impressive in a paper or cardboard package that you glue and decorate yourself.

IMPORTANT: The size and shape of your box depends only on what exactly you will be giving. Heavier gifts require thick cardboard, but for small and light ones you can even glue a paper box together.

Boxes made of cardboard and paper, different templates:

Simple Rectangular Box: Template

Hinged Lid Box: Template

Triangular box: template

Simple square box: template

Box-pouch: template

How to make a box from colored cardboard?

In a modern creativity store you will find a huge selection of cardboard:

• Kraft cardboard (solid sand-colored material)
• Colored cardboard
• Velvet cardboard
• Holographic cardboard
• Glitter Cardboard
• Cardboard with prints, drawings and inscriptions
• Textured cardboard and much more

IMPORTANT: All this variety of choice allows you to create cardboard boxes of incredible beauty and use them for any purpose.

Cardboard for creativity

Video: “How to make a cardboard box?”

How to make a cardboard box without a lid?

If you need to make a cardboard box without a lid, you should also use a template. This product is perfect for storing personal items: pencils, cosmetic brushes, hair accessories and much more.

Box template without lid

Video: “Do-it-yourself box without a lid using origami technique”

How to make a cardboard box for candy?

Boxes of chocolates don’t have to be bought in a store; you never know exactly what will be inside. It’s always nicer to make a box with your own hands, fill it with candies to your liking and give it as a gift. to a loved one. This will not only be a “delicious” gift, but also very original and special.

Box with handles: template Box with a butterfly: template

Triangle box: pattern

How to make a jewelry box from cardboard?

It is very convenient to store jewelry, jewelry and watches in a cardboard box. You can buy it or make it yourself, decorating it to your liking. If desired, you can make one or several sections inside the box.

A few tips and templates for making a flat cardboard box will help you make your own packaging of any size.

Template for flat box

Video: “DIY Flat Storage Box”

How to make a square box from cardboard?

A small square box can be used as a bomboniere or packaging for small surprises for your loved ones.

Simple square box template

How to make a triangular box from cardboard?

A triangular box can exist as a separate unusual package, or it can be part of a cake-shaped package.

Triangular box template

Do we decorate cardboard boxes with our own hands?

Decorating a homemade box depends only on how original and great your imagination is. The box should also be decorated based on the occasion (a holiday, for example, or the decor in the room).

How and with what you can decorate any cardboard box:

• Lace and fabric
• Satin ribbons
• Scoop and burlap
• Stickers and stickers
• Buttons and other accessories
• Sequins and stones
• Colored paper
• Kraft paper
• Drawings and inscriptions

Video: “5 ideas for decorating a box”

This bag box is very suitable for small gifts and souvenirs, for example, cosmetics or soap. self made. Also, this a good option for use as a bonbonniere at a wedding. Size in finished form including handles 120*80*40 mm.

For this box, I have prepared several files with templates, which you can download from the forum on our website (link at the end of the article). Once you have downloaded and unzipped the files, you will find 4 files in the folder that will help you make these cute boxes.

File called Package-bw.jpg can be used by owners of a black and white printer. This file contains a diagram of the box, which you can print on a regular A4 sheet, cut out and transfer to colored paper, from which you want to make a box. If possible, you can print this template directly on a sheet of colored paper from the wrong side (if the paper is A4 size).

For owners of a color printer and Photoshop, I have prepared special templates with which you can print ready-made color scans from the front and back sides, and then make boxes from them. Those. for this you only need thick paper for printing on a printer. I recommend using Lomond or Fora paper with a density of at least 180 g/m2. I use Lomond paper (matte single-sided with linen texture, 230g/m2). The files are called Package-layers-1.pdf, Package-layers-1.pdf, Package-layers-1.pdf, i.e. three developments for the boxes that you see in the photographs.

I’ll tell you in more detail how to print these scans correctly. Those who have color printers are well aware of the problem with refilling cartridges with color ink. And for those who do not have a CISS (continuous ink supply system), this becomes a whole problem. Therefore, you need to print in such a way as not to waste ink.
Thus, it is necessary to print the scan on one side and the other so that they coincide. It is very difficult to achieve an exact match, so I made the front side unfold a little wider than the back side.

So, I will describe step by step what needs to be done and how to do it for those who have never worked in Photoshop.
1. Open any of the three files, for example Package-layers-1.pdf. If you don't have the Layers panel open, press F7. In the "Layers" panel you see two layers, in the "background" there is a pattern for the back side, on "Layer 1" - for the front side.

2. First, print the front side of the scan by inserting a sheet of paper into the printer with the front side and selecting the “File-View and Print-Print” tab from the menu. Be sure to note which edge you inserted the paper (mark with a pencil on the edge).

3. By clicking on the “eye” button, marked in the picture with a red circle, we make the layer with the front side inactive, and the layer with the back side becomes visible.

4. Now we print the wrong side of the development. But first you need to turn the paper over and insert it into the printer with the same edge. And be sure to display the image horizontally. To do this, go to the menu “Image-Rotate canvas-Display canvas horizontally”.

5. We print the reverse side by clicking in the menu "File-View and Print-Print". That's it, our scan is ready. All that remains is to cut it out, crease the dotted lines and bend them. Glue the box together and, if desired, make the holes marked on the template.

Hello, friends! On the eve of the holiday, I, like many of you, am busy making gifts. And every gift, especially hand-made, deserves decent packaging. There are many wonderful master classes on this topic in the Land of Masters. I will offer one more option: we will make a one-piece development of a box with a hinged lid of a given size, for example, length 9 cm, width 7 cm, height 3 cm, lid depth 1.5 cm - on an A4 sheet.
MATERIALS AND TOOLS
I needed:
* paper or cardboard (I use regular drawing paper, I cut an A3 sheet into two halves) – white or colored;
* scissors, ruler, pencil, scoring tool (I don’t have a very sharp awl);
* double-sided tape (I use it more often than glue, because the paper does not get wet or deform);

If you are making markings on colored cardboard, for accuracy you need to do it from the wrong side, or make a drawing of the perimeter of the development on the front side, and then just mark the points that will be connected when pressing the fold lines (creasing stage). The dimensions are labeled on the diagram to make everything clear.

At this stage, I work on the computer in the Photoshop program to paint the box in the colors I need (and drive the stagnant printer) and insert the picture I like on the lid. At the same time, I am making additional parts necessary to complete the inside of the box. Moreover, I paint only the details, the background remains white. This way I save paint and paper. I get backgrounds from the website http://www.liveinternet.ru/community/4091266/rubric/1693222/.

If desired, the printout can be “laminated” with transparent self-adhesive tape. And only then cut out the resulting parts.

Next I do the scoring. This is a very important stage. It determines how neat the folds will be and how accurately the lid will fit on bottom part. There is a peculiarity here: on the lid we press the lines from the outside of the marking lines, and we crease the bottom of the box from the inside of the marking lines. There is a small gap between the fold lines, which allows the lid to fit normally onto the box.

I make cuts and bend along the pressed lines. Next, while the box is not yet glued, it is convenient to stick a label on the inside of the lid.

Place double-sided tape on the valves.

I'm not trying to fit the tape perfectly to the valve. I just then trim the edges of the paper without tape.

I remove the film from the tape on the flaps of the bottom of the box and glue the flaps. And then I try on how the lid fits on the box, see if the sides need to be slightly moved relative to each other in order to put the lid on properly.

The result is a box. All that remains is to make a liner for the bottom of the box.

Preparations for the second issue of the “DIY Gift Wrapping” series - the “Romantic Collection” educational set – are in full swing. 35 models of charming boxes for every taste with ready-to-print designs and step by step diagrams assemblies - in the coming days, friends, you will be able to add them to your packaging collections. I look at them myself and am touched))) So, I couldn’t resist, I wanted to show you a couple of boxes right now.

And, of course, I will reveal all the cards on how to make such DIY gift boxes. And they are made VERY simply.

Before we begin, download the scans:

How to open a pdf file? Instructions.

For making boxes you will need:

- stationery knife and ruler,

- scissors (you can even do without them),

- creasing tool (for example, knitting needle, compass, awl, etc.),

- hole puncher,

- ribbons, braid or decorative cord.

No double-sided tape or glue needed.

So, let's print and cut out the scan. Let's be the first to assemble a box in bright sunny colors (I didn't come up with names for the boxes, I'll leave that to your imagination :))

I “colored” this box (like the second one) in a graphics editor (I used the background from the free “Cheerful” scrap set from Fanta Ymoments - Scraps and more), and printed it on regular Whatman paper.

The holes can be punched with an ordinary stationery hole punch, a paper punch or a grommet installer - whoever has what.

Now let's fold the halves of the inner box, connecting them using a “latch”.

And finally, we will thread the ribbon through the holes and tie it beautiful bow.

The second box is no less easy to assemble:

After punching and bending, we will thread the ribbon into the holes, as shown in the photo:

Carefully tighten the ribbon and tie a bow.

Just 10-15 minutes - and 2 wonderful gift boxes are ready!

In the very near future I will present you the entire collection of boxes from the second issue of the series « Gift wrap with your own hands". This time the set, in addition to a set of high-quality scans (in PDF and PSD formats), includes 3 master classes for decorating boxes different techniques: artistic cutting, scrapbooking and quilling, - from Olga Kachurovskaya, Evgenia Yarovaya and Ekaterina Shkodovskaya.

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There are many different types of folding boxes. The most common design is a cardboard box, the bottom and top of which are not adjacent to a common side; when assembling it, the cardboard development is bent along four parallel lines, one of which separates a narrow flap (forming a factory seam), which is glued, and the workpiece takes the shape of a sleeve. The edges are cut out in the form of valves, and scoring lines are applied to them; these flaps are then closed and secured at the edge of the sleeve, resulting in a closed package.

Rice. 6.2. The basic types of folding cardboard boxes shown here come in many varieties. The figure shows flat blanks that are carved; Scoring lines are applied to them, and then the box is assembled and glued together. The glue flap is usually die cut along with the back of the box so that the open cut of the cardboard will face the rear after gluing (the outside side is shown, also called the die side)

A box with a glued bottom is very similar to the type described above, but both bottoms are sealed after packaging. In Fig. 6.2 shown various shapes bottom valves. Bottom flaps are often equipped with special locks to prevent heavy goods from falling out when lifting the box. Parcel boxes have additional slots and tabs that prevent the package from opening during transit.

We have given only the main varieties, on the basis of which a talented designer can create many new modifications. Packaging may have various cutouts and protruding parts, which allow the consumer to better see the product or provide a certain location of the product inside the box. When additional parts are included (perforations and hinges, tongues and slots, music stands and cuffs), the cost increases slightly or does not change at all. It is this variety of design that makes the folding box so convenient.

The choice of box design and materials is determined by the type of product and marketing considerations for the specific product. If packaging performs exclusively utilitarian functions (for example, serves to store products) or is supplied to industrial enterprises or organizations, then cost is primarily taken into account when making decisions. In this case, the problem comes down to using the thinnest grade of cardboard that is acceptable in this case and calculating the minimum area for the development.

The increase or decrease in the strength of cardboard depending on its thickness is given in table. 6.2, as well as on the graphs presented in Fig. 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5. Once the technical requirements have been formulated, tests must be carried out to confirm the suitability of the selected design. Drop and vibration tests are especially important; they should be carried out under conditions as close as possible to operational ones, that is, by placing the contents for which it is intended in a box and packing as many boxes into a transport container as are planned to be transported in it in practice.

Box volume, cubic meters inches	Contents Weight, lbs.	Cardboard thickness, inches
up to 20	up to 0.25	0,018
from 20 to 40	from 0.25 to 0.50	0,020
from 40 to 60	from 0.50 to 0.75	0,022
from 60 to 80	from 0.75 to 1.00	0,024
from 80 to 100	from 1.00 to 1.25	0,026
from 100 to 150	from 1.25 to 1.50	0,028
from 150 to 200	from 1.50 to 2.00	0,030
from 200 to 250	from 2.00 to 2.50	0,032
from 250 to 300	from 2.50 to 3.75	0,036
from 300 to 375	from 3.75 to 5.00	0,040

Rice. 6.3. The stiffness of cardboard is determined by the modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus), the length of the fibers and the cross-section of the sheet. Single fibers of wood pulp have an elastic modulus of about 500,000 psi (pounds per square inch) (3.448 MPa). Since most of the fibers are parallel to the paper's casting direction (longitudinal direction), the stiffness is higher in this direction. As the sheet thickness increases, the moment of inertia increases in proportion to the square of the distance from the center of the sheet to its outer surface. Consequently, the rigidity is determined to the greatest extent by the outer layers

Rice. 6.4. When packaging bulk products in big boxes their walls are deformed and swell under the internal pressure of the contents. The most important factor is the side area. The graph shows that increasing the thickness of the cardboard only slightly reduces the swelling of the walls

One of the requirements for a folding cardboard box is its attractiveness to the buyer, but there are other factors to consider. First of all, you should consider the method of displaying products. The packaging must be stable and not fall off the store shelf. The front side of the box should look good even when there are many boxes displayed on the shelves in the retail chain. It is necessary that the packaging size (compared to the size of the product) is substantial, but does not mislead the consumer. In Fig. 6.6 shows an example of a cardboard box for a soft tube, how to determine the most suitable size for it.

Rice. 6.5. During transportation, the cardboard box is mainly affected by compressive forces. The graph shows how the strength of cardboard increases as its thickness increases. As an example, consider the maximum load (in pounds) from top to bottom that a cardboard box measuring 210 x 76 x 279 mm can support

The size of the cardboard box should correspond to the standard height of the shelves in the store. If in a retail chain the product in question is usually hung on consoles, then the box must be equipped with a hanging loop or one of the sides must be extended and a hole of the appropriate size must be made in it. It should be easy for the consumer to take the packaged product from the shelf and hold it in his hands. A heavy cardboard box can be equipped with a handle cut from the same ream. A window on the box, through which its contents or a high-quality image of the packaged product can be seen, can help ensure a good level of sales.

Changes are also taking place in the placement of packaged products on store shelves. For a long time, in retail, cardboard boxes were positioned (and printed accordingly) where possible, facing the consumer - outwards and upwards - to draw more attention to the product on display. Sometimes the box is designed to be placed horizontally on the shelf (the reason may be that the product looks better in this case, or sometimes the possibility of stacking the boxes in two layers), and it even happens that savvy packaging designers use a ready-made type of box used by some or another company for vertically displayed products. But at the same time, the variety of products offered in stores, especially supermarkets, is increasing, and many store managers prefer a smaller front area, as this allows more products to be displayed on the shelf. There is constant competition for shelf space.

The use of fifth-sided boxes should be approached with extreme caution. They are really effective in terms of drawing attention to the product on the shelf, but they require more cardboard to produce and can create problems on the production line and when packed into shipping crates. At the same time, such boxes may be absolutely necessary for packaging small items that otherwise risk simply going unnoticed.

Rice. 6.6. Bristol-Lund formula (Bristol-Lund) used to calculate the most suitable size of cardboard box for a soft tube (in this case, as a rule, the rule about the inadmissibility of packaging that creates misconceptions about the product is also observed)

In some cases, to prevent petty theft, it is necessary to make the box large enough that it cannot be hidden in the hand or placed inside another box. For the same reason, it is preferable to glue the flaps of the box, since otherwise the thief will be able to remove the product and return the empty packaging to the shelf.

The good appearance of retail packaging is determined by the strength of the box itself, the quality of the cardboard used and the type of printing. It is not advisable to save by using lower quality material, which will quickly lose its presentation.

Once marketing considerations have been taken into account, further decisions about the choice of materials and box design should be made based on consideration of the packaging's purpose and cost requirements; the analysis of individual aspects should be carried out in stages.

Since different mills produce different types of board, it makes sense for the packaging engineer to first determine the marketing and technical requirements for the box being developed, and then select the type of board that best meets them.

Rice. 6.7. Under the influence of weather conditions and storage conditions, the strength of cardboard can be halved

Next, you need to find out whether this material will be available in the required quantity and in certain period time. For example, heavy grades of waste paperboard with a thickness of more than 30 points (0.8 mm), as well as especially heavy grades of solid bleached sulphate board, are gradually being phased out. (SBS) currently used only for the production of milk cartons. Other materials, such as 10-point (0.25 mm) cardboard and corrugated profile cardboard E And F(which is sometimes used to make heavy-duty folding boxes) may be very difficult to obtain in some areas. Another factor is weather conditions. For example, the rigidity of boxboard and the strength of the box are affected by humidity (Fig. 6.7).

If recycled cardboard is selected, the packaging technologist should also consider the costs of printing the waste cardboard and making boxes out of it, and also consider the possibility that the productivity of the packaging equipment will be lower as quality decreases at higher speeds. In addition, chipboard may not be strong enough to produce some complex designs, such as end clamps and pull-tab clamps. As a result, you may find that a thicker grade of recycled paperboard may be required to provide the required packaging performance, but this will require you to transport heavier loads and use larger shipping boxes.

In cases where it is expected that packaging operations will be carried out manually or on semi-automatic equipment in the near future, it is advisable to evaluate the long-term prospects and determine whether a transition to automatic equipment will be made in the future. For example, a box with a locking latch on the bottom is ideal for manual loading and cannot be closed using automatic equipment. Operational cards should be developed, packaging and packaging equipment parts should be designed in such a way that when switching to a more complex technologies there was no need to replace die-cutting dies and printing forms, much less all the packaging equipment used.

Cost is always an important consideration and is largely determined by the choice of design and type of material used. Generally, any improvement in paperboard performance or improvement appearance its surface leads to increased costs. This is where a packaging technologist can provide important assistance to the marketing department when decisions are made about product packaging. There are no immutable rules here, and the final choice is made on a compromise basis. Using the data in table. 6.3, a decision can be made as to whether to use cardboard with inner layers made from recycled materials or consisting entirely of virgin fibres.

Table 63. Comparison of the characteristics of cardboard made from virgin material and cardboard with inner layers of another (recycled) material

Characteristics	Solid bleached sulphate board	Cardboard with inner layers of recycled fibers
Wall deformation (swelling)	When opening the box, the walls are deformed due to less rigidity in the longitudinal direction	Higher longitudinal rigidity
Rilevka	The scoring lines are held securely	Scoring lines lose shape over time
Creep	Low creep rates; Less fatigue when compressed	High creep rate; greater fatigue when compressed
Gluing	Requires expensive synthetic glue	It is acceptable to use inexpensive dextrin glue
Uniformity of processing	More uniform machining	Processes less evenly

After all these issues have been considered, the following is taken into account: important factor, as economic efficiency. Although sustainability has received a lot of attention lately, most packaging experts agree that the choice is always made in favor of the most functional and most cost-effective option.

The packaging designer needs to collaborate with the designer of the manufacturing company that supplies the boxes. Recently, there has been a desire to determine technical characteristics by mutual agreement between the supplier and the customer; The box development plan is also made acceptable to both parties. Material suppliers and packaging manufacturers know that this takes a lot of time, but the effort is well worth it.

The main points that need to be indicated in technical specifications folding cardboard boxes are:

• dimensions;
• materials used;
• scoring scheme.

Dimensions are always given in the following order: length, width, depth; they are measured from the middle of one scoring line to the middle of the other. Length is measured along the hinge joint of the lid, width is measured from the hinge joint to the fold flap, and depth is measured parallel to the adhesive flap. In the case of a complex structure, it makes sense to provide a detailed diagram.

It is necessary to accurately indicate the thickness of the cardboard, its density, coating and gloss. The characteristics of both the front and back surfaces are given, for example: white cardboard with machine coating, gray cardboard, kink-resistant box cardboard, etc. The type of printing must also be indicated. All colors and shades must be designated using standard coding systems or presented as samples; in addition, permissible deviations from established standards are indicated. If it is necessary to use glossy paints or varnish the entire surface of the box or its individual sections, this should be indicated in the technical specifications. It is necessary to specify in detail which sampling methods will be adopted, as well as the level of quality required during acceptance inspection.

When developing a specific package, first of all, you should establish the internal dimensions of the container, determined by the size of the packaged product. The length of each size is increased slightly - typically by 1/32 to 1/16 inch (0.8 to 1.6 mm) - to provide clearance between it and the box. Then the thickness of the cardboard is selected; the most commonly used material is 18 and 20 point thick (0.457 and 0.51 mm). To ensure that the selected dimensions are correct, it is advisable to make a packaging sample at this stage.

Most large carton manufacturing plants, and even some packaging plants, have a design office; Job

carried out on a computer. Using a computer-aided design system and a graphics tablet, a diagram of the critical points of the box drawing is made, which are then entered into the database. The computer then connects these points with lines. A plotter is connected to the computer, which transfers the resulting drawing onto a sheet of cardboard or vinyl plastic. If the image is applied to cardboard, then using the same plotter the scoring and cutting of the workpiece can be carried out in strict compliance with the technical conditions. The sample is then evaluated by both the packaging plant and the box supplier and receives their approval.

If the plotter plots the image on vinyl, then the layout can be printed on transparent polyester film, which is then used as a mounting sheet to ensure the correct placement of the images in relation to the box parts.

In small packaging plants, it is preferable to make samples by hand. The cardboard fibers are almost always horizontal, that is, they run around the sides of the box, perpendicular to the main scoring lines; This direction of the fibers helps avoid warping (bulging) along the top edge and helps the main sides remain flat (Fig. 6.8).

To make a sample box, the development is cut along the outline with scissors or a knife, and scoring lines are applied by laying the blank face down on a long piece of scoring ruler, which can be provided by the box supplier. This steel ruler is mounted on a wooden stand with the rounded edge facing up. The workpiece is pressed against the scoring ruler from above using a block with a forked surface, which is drawn along the cardboard along the lines drawn with a pencil. The block is made from hard wood; a groove 1/16 inch wide and 1/32 inch deep (1.6 by 0.8 mm) is made on its end surface. In this way, a roller is formed along the scoring lines, breaking the rigidity of the boxboard in this area, making it possible to make neat folds (see Fig. 6.9).

Rice. 6.8. Cardboard fibers most often run in the direction around the box, perpendicular to the main scoring lines. Thanks to this, the material has greater rigidity in the interval from one scoring line to another. Folded edges provide rigidity in the opposite direction

Rice. 6.9. The cardboard is bent in the direction from the scoring line. The roller formed using the groove of the scoring and die-cutting press breaks the bond between the layers of paper. When the sheet is folded, the cardboard at the fold line delaminates and protrudes outwards in the form of a bead, thereby reducing the stress on the outer layer of cardboard. If this did not happen, the outer surface would rupture

Rice. 6.10. Basic dimensions (in inches) based on the development of a typical folding box. There are no general standards, and the number of varieties produced is quite large

Further, if we are talking about a glued box, then regardless of how the sample was made, the workpiece is folded, glue is applied, and then the box is laid flat under the load and held until the glue dries. Provided that the cutting and scoring are carried out correctly, the sides should be exactly at right angles to each other, and the flaps that form the end walls and secure them are inserted into the slots or positioned in the required position without unnecessary friction. In rare cases, edges may need to be trimmed or new scoring lines applied to ensure a more correct fit. This sample can then be used to check whether the originally chosen dimensions of the box are suitable, that is, whether the contents are positioned as intended. The most common sizes can be found in Fig. 6.10; The exact terminology for describing the parts of a cardboard box is given in Fig. 6.11.

If the type of boxes being tested are intended to be processed on automatic equipment, then it is necessary for the box supplier to produce a die-cutting die. A minimum of 500 samples should be made, which are glued together using an industrial gluing machine; they are tested on box production equipment. Samples are not required to be printed, but they must be made from the appropriate material.

Rice. 6.11. To ensure mutual understanding with supplier companies, parts of folding cartons should be named correctly

Nowadays, a growing number of different software applications are available, and box images are increasingly being prepared on a computer. When using a computer-aided design system, the development of the box design can be carried out in conjunction with the work on the printed image, and thus the entire package is immediately developed in accordance with the exact specifications. However, computer printouts should not be used as a reference for color selection when printing. The proofing system used to validate the print sample and ink used should be as close as possible to the selected printing process technology, as printing methods vary widely.

In small businesses and printing houses where packaging is made by hand, a printed test sheet is prepared. This stamped sheet allows you to check whether the stamp is positioned correctly on each side of the cardboard box.

Carton boxes must be packed in strong shipping boxes with approximately 15% free space to avoid damage to the notched folds. If the boxes are packed too tightly, the opposite sides will be pressed against each other, when it is preferable for them to curve outward slightly, as this makes it easier to open the box before packaging. It is preferable to pack small boxes on trays, but in large boxes the contents can simply be separated with sheets of cardboard. All boxes in the stack must be stacked in the same direction, which is especially important if the assembly will be carried out using automatic equipment. Transport boxes for these purposes are usually made from corrugated cardboard; they must be strong enough to withstand stacking heights of 5 to 6 feet (1.5 to 1.8 m) without deformation. It is not advisable to store glued and assembled boxes for more than 6 months, as the cardboard may warp or harden.