There are two ways to describe them:

1. Single time line.
2. A “unique” timeline that reflects the recovery of individuals who have had a stroke.

Both approaches are helpful.

Single time line

A single time line is the average recovery process after a stroke. It gives a general idea of \u200b\u200bthe stage of recovery for a stroke survivor. If a person says: “I had a stroke seven months ago,” then doctors and therapists can make certain assumptions about what stage of recovery he is at. A single time line is also useful in research, in particular for determining the group of stroke survivors who are being treated. For example, a study may include "people who have 3-5 months after a stroke."

Four stages of a stroke on a single time line look like this:

1. Super acute: 6 hours from the first symptoms.
2. Acute: the first 7 days.
3. Subacute: after the first 7 days to 3 months.
4. Chronic: after 3 months to the end of life.

“Unique” timeline

The “unique” timeline is based on studies using the brain scan of people who have had a stroke. These scientific studies show that each stroke proceeds in its own way. People who have had a stroke enter certain phases of recovery and exit them at different times.

Choosing the best strategy option partly depends on what stage the stroke survivor is recovering from. Each strategy works at a certain stage.

Finding out what phase a stroke survivor is in is often a matter of simple observation. The way the body moves makes it possible to understand what is going on in the brain. The stroke survivor himself and those around him can help determine the stage of recovery from the disease.

Super sharp phase

In both forms of the timeline, the super-acute stage is the same: from the first symptoms to 6 hours after a stroke.

As soon as the first symptom is detected, the time has started! Some stroke survivors do not receive emergency care during the super-acute period. This is sad, because this is the only period in which you can use an aggressive drug that destroys a blood clot. This drug, called TAP (tissue plasminogen activator), is a thrombolytic (“thrombo” - thrombus, “lytic” - destructive). (Caution: TAP is contraindicated in hemorrhagic strokes.) Recovery in stroke survivors who receive TAP usually occurs better and faster. That is why stroke recognition and emergency care are vital. The sooner a stroke survivor can get to the hospital, the more likely he is to get TAP. Literally: time is the brain. Other medical interventions that can save the brain are also carried out in this phase. The provision of emergency medical care is not only essential for saving as much of the brain as possible, often it is of great importance for saving the life of a stroke survivor.

What is the best recovery strategy during the super-acute phase?

The most important thing a stroke survivor and his carers can do to help recover is to seek emergency medical attention as soon as possible. Call 911. Lost time is a lost brain. No recovery occurs during this period. If the patient is conscious, health workers can conduct movement tests that provide information about the degree of damage due to a stroke. However, at this stage, you should focus primarily on two tasks:

1. Saving the life of the patient.
2. Saving as much brain as possible.

Acute phase

During the acute phase, two areas appear in the brain.

• killed by a stroke;
• all of his neurons (nerve cells) are dead;
• has no chance of brain restructuring (neuroplasticity);
• forms a cavity in the brain that is filled with fluid.

Penumbra:

• much bigger than the core;
• represents billions and billions of neurons;
• alive, but barely;
• it will eventually become a useful or useless area of \u200b\u200bthe brain, depending on what is done during rehabilitation.

A stroke causes a cessation of blood supply to the nucleus and penumbra, as the blood vessels are either clogged (with a stroke with clogged vessels), or torn (with a stroke with hemorrhage).

Stopping blood supply leads to the death of the nucleus. Penumbra remains alive, but barely. Since the main blood vessel (at least temporarily) does not work, the penumbra uses smaller blood vessels to continue life. The neurons in the penumbra receive enough blood so as not to die during the acute phase, but less than necessary. Due to the low blood supply, neurons in the penumbra are not able to do their job.

But for billions of neurons in the penumbra, there is another problem.

Damage to any part of the body leads to the fact that many body systems come to the aid of the affected area. Remember the swelling caused by a sprained ankle or a bruised arm. The same thing happens with penumbra after a stroke. It receives calcium, catabolic enzymes, free radicals, nitric oxide and other chemicals. And this zone is flooded with a “metabolic soup”, designed to promote recovery, which causes swelling. Although this mixture of chemicals helps in recovery, it provides a lean environment for neurons to function.

Thus, penumbra experiences two problems caused by a stroke:

1. Inadequate blood supply.
2. A mixture of chemicals that interfere with the functioning of neurons.

These two factors inactivate a large area of \u200b\u200bthe brain (penumbra). The neurons in it are alive, but "stunned." To refer to this phenomenon, the special term “cortical shock” is used. In many stroke survivors, this leads to paralysis. But paralysis during the acute phase will not necessarily be permanent. In some stroke survivors, penumbra neurons begin to work again. Penumbra recovery occurs at the next stage - in the under acute phase.

What is the recovery strategy during the acute phase?

Intensive care during the acute phase is a bad idea.

During the acute phase, the brain remains in a very painful state. Penumbra neurons are especially vulnerable. Consider studies in animals that caused a stroke. For those of them who were forced to perform too many tasks in a short period of time after a stroke, brain damage intensified. In human studies, the results of intensive rehabilitation (a large number of stresses shortly after a stroke) were mixed at best. Scientists continue to search for the answer to the question: “What loads will be excessive during the acute phase?” And until it is found, the rules are simple:

• follow the recommendations of doctors;
• listen to the advice of therapists and nurses;
• do not strain.

Intense efforts during the acute phase will hurt recovery. But this does not mean that there should be no therapy. Doctors prescribe bed rest for many patients during the first 2-3 days after a stroke. However, even at this time, treatment begins. Doctors often make passive (without any effort from the patient) movements to a stroke survivor, that is, they move their limbs in their range of motion. These actions will help maintain muscle length and joint health.

As soon as the doctor cancels bed rest, therapists will use their own clinical assessment to carefully and safely restore the movement of a stroke survivor. During the acute phase, most of the therapy is carried out “at the patient’s bed” (in the patient’s room). Therapists begin a gentle restoration of movement. Doctors who work with patients in the acute phase often describe their approach to treatment with a simple phrase: “We do what the patient can do safely.”

Before conducting therapy in the acute phase, doctors will check:

• ability to reason and understand security rules;
• ability to carry out commands;
• orientation in time and space (for example, “Where are you? Who am I? What time of day is it, season”, etc.?) (Many patients may feel offended by such simple questions; however, they are important for determining the degree of safety therapy.);
• memory;
• ability to solve problems;
• vision;
• the ability to actively move limbs (the amplitude of active movements, or AMA);
• force;
• fine motor coordination;
• feel.

After an assessment, treatment begins with very simple movements and actions. For example, if it is safe, then doctors will help those who have a stroke:

• reach objects, touch or take them with your hand / brush on the sore side;
• sit on the edge of the bed;
• change position from sitting to standing;
• to walk.

During the acute phase, carefully listen to the recommendations of the therapists. Therapists, like doctors and nurses, will advise you on which recovery strategies to use. Guardians can also be helpful, acting on the advice of a therapist when a stroke survivor is most active. The work of a guardian can include anything from talking with a person who has had a stroke to encouraging him to perform basic movements (for example, unclench and squeeze his hand).

In addition, guardians are important for recovery during the acute phase, as they often spend many hours with a stroke survivor and can inform doctors about changes in their ability to move. For example, a person after a stroke is not at all able to bend his elbow on Monday. Then - without any exercise - on Wednesday he can bend his elbow several degrees. This phenomenon is known as spontaneous recovery, and it is extremely important to recognize it for two reasons:

1. This is a sign of the subacute phase (which is discussed later).
2. This indicates when you can begin really hard and efficient work.

If you care for a stroke survivor and see a spontaneous recovery, inform your doctor! The most V8.ZH8.Ya phase of recovery (subacute) has begun!

Subacute phase

Begins	Ends
The first penumbra neurons begin to function again	All penumbra neurons function

For many stroke survivors, the subacute phase is a time of great hope. At this stage, there is a huge influx of neurons, which allows a stroke survivor to recover at a rapid pace. A significant portion of recovery is considered spontaneous recovery (substantial recovery with little effort). The reason for this quick spontaneous recovery is that the neurons that were “disconnected” are again “turned on”. Some stroke survivors have an almost complete recovery during the subacute phase. Other stroke survivors are not so lucky. They need more time to “turn on” neurons again, as they have one problem with the penumbra.

Penumbra problem

The brain obeys the rule "what you don’t use, you lose." If the penumbra neurons are not forced to work again, they stop doing it. This process (loss of function by unused neurons) is known as the “forgotten how to use” phenomenon.

But why not use penumbra neurons? Of course, a stroke survivor will be encouraged to move. And the movements that a stroke survivor performs will trigger neurons and prevent the “forgot how to use” phenomenon from developing, right? For a minority of people after a stroke, this is exactly the case. These stroke-lucky sufferers quickly recover functional (applicable, practical) movements and the phenomenon of “forgotten how to use” never develops.

But many stroke survivors “learn” not to use neurons. For the most part, the reason for the phenomenon is that the managed care system imposes on the therapists an approach of "meet him, greet, cure and put him out." Doctors are guided by “rule No. 1”: ensure their safety, functionality and send them out the door. Functionality is indeed the ultimate goal. But for stroke survivors who have not yet recovered their functions, there is only one way to “go out the door”: compensation (using the limbs only on the healthy side). Engaging the healthy side in performing all movements means that the neurons in the penumbra will not have the load necessary to include them in the work. When penumbra neurons become usable, no one asks for anything - this is how the “forgotten how to use” phenomenon develops.

What is the best recovery strategy during the subacute phase?

The subacute phase is the most important stage in the recovery process. Its degree is determined by the intensity and quality of efforts at this particular time. Successful completion of the subacute phase provides the highest level of recovery.

During the subacute phase, billions of neurons that survive a stroke gain the ability to return to work. The point at which each neuron becomes ready for action is the beginning of a chronic period (which we will discuss later).

Most of the recovery during the subacute phase is due to the “on” of neurons that were “turned off”. This is the essence of spontaneous recovery: neurons inaccessible to work in the subacute stage become capable of it. During this phase, many stroke survivors have the opportunity to "ride on a wave of spontaneous recovery." Everyone wants to credit the cure. A stroke survivor may say something like: “I am recovering well because I am really working hard on it,” and the therapist will believe that the survivor is recovering due to intensive care. But to a large extent, recovery during the subacute phase occurs due to the fact that billions and billions of neurons again become usable. As swelling decreases after a muscle injury, so does swelling after a stroke, as a result of which neurons are able to return to work.

Chronic phase

At a certain point, all the penumbra neurons restore functionality, so the “wave” on which you can ride, disappears. This is a sign of the onset of the chronic phase.

When the subacute phase ends and the chronic phase begins, a stroke survivor has two types of neurons. We will call them "working neurons" and "lazy neurons."

Working neurons

Some neurons feel quite normal and immediately return (during the subacute phase) to what they did before the stroke.

For example, neurons may return to ...

• ... bending the elbow, then to ...
• ... raising legs while walking, then to ...
• ... control over the movements of the mouth during speech, then to ...
• ... unclenching hands ...
• etc.

Working neurons again assume their responsibilities. It is these neurons, included in the work during the subacute phase, that provide spontaneous recovery.

Lazy Neurons

These neurons are never asked to do anything after a stroke. As a result of a process known as the “forgotten how to use” phenomenon, they temporarily do not work. As is true for the rest of the brain, each neuron obeys the rule "what you don’t use, you lose." "Lazy" neurons lose their connections between themselves and other neurons, which are called "synaptic connections."

Typically, neurons use connections to communicate with other neurons. When this interaction occurs, they remain operational. If the neuron is not in contact with other neurons, communications are lost. This is the essence of the principle of the brain "what you don’t use, you lose." Each of these non-working neurons loses dendrites - branches that provide connections between neurons. The word "branches" here is chosen successfully. In fact, to refer to the shortening of these branches, there is a special term “pruning” (or “pruning”) - similar to pruning the branches of bushes or trees. Scientists use the expression "pruning dendritic branching" or "dendritic pruning." This is exactly what happens to “lazy” neurons under the influence of the “forgot how to use” phenomenon. They lose touch.

The chronic period begins when all the neurons of the penumbra have become either working or “lazy." At this point, a stroke survivor no longer has a spontaneous recovery. Doctors can recognize this stage of recovery - it is relatively easy to see. A stroke survivor no longer recovers. Clinicians call this plateau. Due to the requirements of the managed medical care system (insurance companies), therapists are required to prescribe (end treatment) stroke survivors whose condition has reached a plateau. The idea is: “This patient is no longer recovering. Why should we pay for further treatment? ”

For many stroke survivors, the plateau may not be permanent. Researchers have discovered two specific methods of overcoming a plateau during the chronic phase.

1. The inclusion of "lazy" neurons.
2. Connecting other neurons in the brain to perform functions lost during a stroke.

The inclusion of "lazy" neurons

Reactivation of "lazy" neurons is known as the "elimination of the" forgotten how to use "phenomenon." The idea is to load the “lazy” neurons so that they are forced to make new connections with neighboring neurons (here the key word is “smoked out”). In fact, one way to get neurons to use inactive connections is called “forced use”. Forced use is part of the therapy with forced movements in which a healthy limb is not allowed to perform any action. This prompts the diseased limb to perform difficult and uncomfortable work. But it is this kind of work that makes the brain rebuild. Changing the brain (also known as learning) is a difficult task, whether learning a foreign language or learning to play the violin. The key to learning, including transformation after a stroke, is task complexity. When we make “lazy” neurons reach out to other neurons, this leads to the formation of new connections between them. Forcing “lazy" neurons to establish connections is one way to recover from a stroke during the chronic phase.

Connecting other brain neurons to perform functions lost during a stroke

The brain is "plastic" and, like plastic, which can be found everywhere - from auto parts to plastic bottles - it can change physically. In order for the plastic bottle to change shape, it must be heated. To change the brain, he needs an intense load. Here is an example of plasticity after a stroke.

Neurons from various parts of the brain are ready to perform tasks that they had never been asked to do before. This is the ability to plasticity, and people who have had a stroke may well use it in the chronic phase. Difficult tasks force other neurons in the brain to perform functions lost during a stroke.

What is the best recovery strategy during the chronic phase?

The following are general guidelines for recovery during the chronic phase. Please note that various strategies are described that help stroke survivors succeed during the chronic phase.

• Recovery requires independent efforts. Sooner or later, the moment comes after which there is no longer a therapist next to the person who has had a stroke. Therapists can periodically help you during the chronic phase (i.e. every 6 months, a year, etc.). They look at what a stroke survivor does and give advice on further rehabilitation. But at a chronic stage, there is no need for therapists. Once treatment is over, stroke survivors must control their recovery themselves. This recovery phase is based on hard independent work. Patients who are ready to take responsibility for this process need tools to launch and follow the “upward spiral of recovery”. This is facilitated by the presence of a practical need for everything from coordination of movements to endurance of the cardiovascular system. There are many options for recovery during the chronic phase, from working on muscle strength to using mental training.
• Forget about the plateau: it does not exist. The word “plateau” literally means “alignment” and is used to describe the period when a stroke survivor ceases to recover. It was traditionally believed that the recovery curve has one plateau at the end of the subacute phase. Studies conducted in recent decades have shown that some stroke survivors can cross the plateau. During the chronic phase, recovery consists of many plateaus that occur over a number of years.
• Stay fit. Everyone is getting old. When we grow old, staying in good physical shape is vital for everything from general health to being able to continue to do what you love. But stroke survivors consume too much energy. After a stroke, basic daily activities (i.e. walking, dressing, etc.) require twice as much energy, and stroke survivors need even more energy, since recovery requires effort.
• Do not let soft tissue shrink. When tissue shortening occurs (i.e. muscle tension is noted), recovery of movement can be compromised and / or completely stopped. Even if you do a lot of hard work, but at the same time you do not have enough muscle length, you will not advance further - everything is simple. This is especially true for the tendency to shorten soft tissues in the elbow, wrist and flexor of the fingers in the hand and hand. The main problem in the leg is the calf muscle. Muscle spasticity in the calf muscle keeps the foot tilted down. If she stays in this position long enough, the calf muscle will contract. But many other muscles are also at risk.

Phase Focused Recovery

There are three ways in which recovery can take place.

Strength increases: you develop muscle strength and endurance of the cardiovascular system (heart and lungs).

• Strength development should be encouraged during the subacute and chronic phases of stroke.
• The development of strength during the super-acute and acute phases will damage recovery.

Penumbra is restored: during the subacute phase, penumbra neurons restore their functions.

The brain is rebuilt: during the chronic phase, the plasticity of the brain allows another area to take on the fulfillment of the lost function.

Stroke is an acute violation of cerebral circulation (stroke), which is characterized by the appearance of focal neurological signs, and in the absence of adequate treatment leads to death. Distinguish ischemic stroke (as a result of blocking the lumen of the vessel), hemorrhagic stroke (cerebral hemorrhage) or subarachnoid hemorrhage. The consequences of this pathology are diverse, many-sided, require serious comprehensive treatment and long-term rehabilitation. For an early recovery, the body itself uses its internal reserves, which is why they sleep a lot after a stroke.

Two main types of stroke: ischemic and hemorrhagic

Causes of increased drowsiness after a stroke

Before addressing the factors that cause severe drowsiness after suffering a cerebrovascular accident, it is important to note that patients can equally suffer from any sleep disturbances.

According to the observations of neurologists, insomnia occurs after stroke in 35-45% of cases.

More often there is severe weakness, daytime sleepiness, a good night's sleep. The causes of pathological hypersomnia can be different conditions.

• Impaired brain function after a stroke associated with damage to certain areas of the nervous tissue. Prolonged spasm of the artery robs nerve cells of nutrition, oxygen. Hypoxia leads to the death of some neurons, edema of the intercellular space, impaired blood flow and transmission of impulses. To restore the existing neurological, cerebral symptoms, a lot of effort is expended, so the only way to replenish energy is a healthy sleep. This process is a kind of compensatory reaction of the body to damage.
• Increased sleepiness during the day is the result of sleepless nights. The resulting disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system (paresis, paralysis of the extremities, pain, dizziness, swallowing disorder, and incontinence of physiological functions) interfere with proper rest at night. In the morning, patients feel overwhelmed, exhausted, tired. The only way to regain strength is to fall asleep during the day.

People with a stroke often wake up at night, so they sleep a lot during the day.

• Depression. As psychotherapists note, after suffering a stroke, patients often complain of tearfulness, increased irritability, mood swings, and depression. Limited mobility, a sharp deterioration in the quality of life directly affect the human psyche. First of all, sleep is disturbed: sleepless nights alternate with periods of pronounced drowsiness, fatigue, apathy. Prescribed antidepressants can significantly improve the patient's condition, establish circadian rhythms.
• Patients of advanced age suffer from increased drowsiness much more young people. This is due to a whole bunch of existing chronic diseases, deviations in the state of health, a decrease in the ability to quickly and fully restore the functions of the body. That is why people after 65 years old tend to sleep for a long time after a stroke.

Sleep Disorders

To cope with the changes that have occurred after a violation of cerebral circulation, it is necessary to strictly observe all the recommendations of the attending physician, neurologist, as well as a psychotherapist. The main objectives of the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients:

• elimination of the consequences of focal neurological disorders (movement disorder, sensitivity, vision and more);
• restoration of important functions (respiration, palpitations, blood circulation, excretion);
• rehabilitation of domestic, social, labor skills.

Sleep disturbance depends on the location of the focus of brain damage, its vastness, depth, duration, severity, as well as the body's response to circulatory disorders. The harder the stroke, the deeper the sleep disturbances will be, the more difficult it is to eliminate them. In addition to drug therapy in the form of vascular drugs, anticoagulants, sedatives, it is necessary to adjust the lifestyle, daily routine, and establish proper nutrition. Physiotherapeutic treatment, physiotherapy exercises, and massage also give good results.

Lesson to restore movements in the hand after a stroke

All these measures contribute to the restoration of damaged functions, and with them the elimination of drowsiness, increased fatigue, fatigue. In addition, psychotherapeutic drugs may be prescribed.

To improve the quality of night sleep, eliminate daytime sleepiness, you need to follow a few general recommendations.

1. It’s right to make the schedule of the day: getting up, going to bed at the same time, prolonging daytime wakefulness for a stronger night's rest, and a short afternoon nap.
2. To provide the patient with a comfortable location: a comfortable bed with orthopedic appliances, airing the room, optimal humidity and room temperature.
3. Healthy eating: reduced carbohydrate, oily or very hot foods.

Rehabilitation of post-stroke patients is a difficult task, requiring a large amount of effort, money, time, which is why it is so important to be patient with the patient and his family. If a person sleeps a lot and often after a stroke - this is not so bad, but when there is pathological drowsiness or other sleep disorders, it is better to consult a doctor, and not try to fix the problem yourself.

What it is? A stroke is an acute violation of cerebral circulation, leading to persistent focal damage to the brain. May be ischemic or hemorrhagic. Pathology is accompanied by an acute violation of cerebral circulation, vascular and central nervous system damage. If the normal blood flow is disturbed, the nutrition of brain nerve cells deteriorates, and this is very dangerous, because the organ works due to the constant supply of oxygen and glucose to it.

Let's look at what signs are characteristic of a stroke, why it is important to help a person in the first minutes of the onset of symptoms, and what are the possible consequences of this condition.

What is a stroke?

A stroke is an acute violation of the blood circulation of the brain, causing damage and death of nerve cells.

During " therapeutic window"(Conditionally called the first 3-6 hours after a stroke) can prevent the irreversible consequences of ischemia and cell death by medical manipulations.

Strokes are found in individuals in a wide age range: from 20-25 years to very old age.

• Constrictions or blockages of the blood vessels of the brain - ischemic stroke;
• Hemorrhages in the brain or in its membranes - hemorrhagic stroke.

The frequency is quite high, increases significantly with age. Mortality (mortality) from a stroke remains very high. The treatment is aimed at restoring the functional activity of neurons, reducing the influence of causative factors and preventing the re-development of a vascular catastrophe in the body. After a stroke, it is very important to conduct a rehabilitation of a person.

Every person needs to know the signs of the disease in order to respond in time to a brain disaster and call an ambulance crew for themselves or relatives. Knowing the basic symptoms can save someone's life.

Views

There are 2 main types of stroke: ischemic and hemorrhagic. They have fundamentally different development mechanisms and require radically different approaches to treatment. Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke occupy 80% and 20% of the total population, respectively.

Ischemic stroke

Coronary damage to the brain occurs in 8 cases out of 10. Mostly they suffer from elderly people, after 60 years, more often men. The main reason is a blockage of blood vessels or their prolonged spasm, which entails the cessation of blood supply and oxygen starvation. This leads to the death of brain cells.

This type of disease can develop more often at night or in the morning. There is also a connection with the previous increased emotional (stress factor) or physical activity, alcohol consumption, blood loss or the progression of an infectious process or somatic disease.

Hemorrhagic stroke

What is it? Hemorrhagic stroke is the result of a hemorrhage in the substance of the brain after damage to the walls of the vessel. The impaired functional activity and death of neurocytes in this case mainly occurs due to their compression by the hematoma.

The occurrence of hemorrhagic stroke is associated mainly with diffuse or isolated cerebral vascular pathology, due to which the vascular wall loses its elasticity and becomes thinner.

More often accompanied by loss of consciousness, more rapid development of symptoms of stroke, always significant neurological disorders. This is due to the fact that in this case cerebral circulation is disturbed due to rupture of the vascular wall with the outflow of blood and the formation of a hematoma or as a result of impregnation of nerve tissue with blood.

In 5% of cases of stroke   to find out the type and mechanism of development is not possible. Regardless of the type of stroke, its consequences are always the same - a sharp, rapidly developing dysfunction of the brain area due to the death of some of its neurocyte cells.

The first signs of a stroke in an adult

The signs of a stroke should be known to all people, regardless of the availability of a medical education. These symptoms are primarily associated with impaired innervation of the muscles of the head and body, so if you suspect a stroke, ask the person to perform three simple steps: smile, raise your hands, say any word or sentence.

In a person who suddenly felt "lightheadedness", one can assume vascular problems according to the following symptoms, which can be taken as the first signs of a stroke:

• Numbness of body parts (face, limbs);
• Headache;
• Loss of control over the environment;
• Double vision and other visual impairment;
• Nausea, vomiting, dizziness;
• Movement and sensory disorders.

It happens that a stroke occurs suddenly, but more often it occurs against the background of precursors. For example, in half of cases, ischemic stroke is preceded.

If at least two of the following symptoms recur over the past three months, once a week or more often, immediate medical attention is required:

• A headache that does not have a specific localization and arises from overwork or weather disasters.
• Dizziness, appearing at rest and intensifying with movement.
• The presence of tinnitus, both permanent and transient.
• Memory “dips” on events of the current time period.
• Change in the intensity of health and sleep disturbance.

These symptoms should be seen as a harbinger of a stroke.

How to recognize a stroke?

To recognize this disease, pay attention to the following points:

1. Take a closer look, ask if you need help to a person. A person may refuse, because he himself did not understand what was happening to him. A person with a stroke will be difficult.
2. Ask for a smile, if the corners of the lips are located on different lines and the smile sees strange - this is a symptom of a stroke.
3. Shake man handif a stroke occurs, then the handshake will be weak. You can also ask to raise your hands up. One arm will drop spontaneously.

If signs of a stroke are found in humansurgently call an ambulance !!! The sooner qualified assistance is provided, the greater the chance of eliminating the consequences of this disease !!!

Causes

Doctors distinguish two main causes of stroke. This is the occurrence of blood clots in the circulatory system and the presence of cholesterol plaques that can block blood vessels. A seizure can occur in a healthy person, but this probability is extremely small.

Pathology develops as a complication of the underlying disease of the heart and blood vessels, as well as under the influence of adverse factors:

• cerebral arteriosclerosis;
• thromboembolism;
• hypertension (arterial);
• rheumatic heart disease;
• myocardial infarction;
• heart surgery
• constant stress;
• vascular tumors;
• taking certain types of drugs;
• alcoholism;
• smoking;
• cerebral artery aneurysm.

The development of complications is possible against the background of general well-being, however, often the failure of compensation mechanisms occurs in cases where the load on the vessels exceeds a certain critical level. Such situations can be associated with everyday life, with the presence of various diseases, with external circumstances:

• a sharp transition from a prone position to a standing position (sometimes it’s enough to go into a sitting position);
• solid food;
• hot tub;
• hot season;
• increased physical and mental stress;
• a sharp decrease in blood pressure (most often under the influence of drugs).

But the most common cause of a stroke is considered high blood pressure, 7 out of 10 victims of hemorrhage are people with (pressure above 140 to 90), impaired heart function. Even harmless atrial fibrillation becomes the cause of blood clots, which lead to impaired blood flow.

Symptoms of a Stroke

The clinical manifestations of a stroke depend on its type, location and size of the lesion.

Symptoms of a stroke in adults:

• Signs of an approaching stroke begin with headaches and dizziness, which are not explained by other causes. Possible loss of consciousness.
• Loss of ability to clearly express one’s thoughts in words is one of the characteristic symptoms. A person cannot say anything definite or even repeat a simple phrase.
• The patient may begin vomiting, as well as with a concussion.
• A noise in the head.
• Forgetfulness appears, a person does not know or does not remember where he was going, why he needs objects that he holds in his hands. Outwardly, this is manifested by distraction and confusion.
• Visually, the symptoms of circulatory disorders in the brain are visible on the face of a person. The patient can’t smile, his face is twisting, maybe he can’t close his eyelid.

There are seven main symptoms before a stroke.that exactly indicate this disease:

• Skewed face (asymmetric smile, beveled eye).
• Incoherent speech.
• Drowsiness (apathy).
• Focal acute pains in the head and face.
• Visual impairment.
• Paralysis of the limbs.
• Lack of coordination.

The signs of an impending stroke can be very diverse, so you should be extremely careful about what symptoms are before a stroke in a person.

	Symptoms in Adults
Ischemic stroke	The most pronounced symptoms of ischemic stroke are observed with embolism or thromboembolism of large arteries of the brain. It is characteristic of him: sudden loss of consciousness generalized cramps, respiratory failure with focal symptoms and neurological disorders in the future (deterioration of speech, sensitivity, movement coordination, epileptic seizures). In addition, with an ischemic attack in a person, the swallowing reflex and speech may worsen. Therefore, the patient may begin to stutter, do not speak clearly. Due to damage to the spinal (vertebral) column, the patient may develop a lack of coordination, so he will not be able to move independently or even sit.
Hemorrhagic stroke	The first signs of a stroke (hemorrhagic type): Loss of consciousness at the time of a jump in blood pressure (against a background of crisis, stress - emotional or physical); Autonomic symptoms (sweating, fever, redness of the face, less often - pallor of the skin); Impaired breathing and heart rate; Perhaps the development of a coma.

It is worth considering that if there are signs of a stroke, then the time of irreversible changes in the brain has already begun to count. Those 3-6 hours that are available for the restoration of impaired circulation and the struggle to reduce the affected area are decreasing with every minute.

If the symptoms of a stroke completely disappear within 24 hours after the onset of its clinical manifestations, then we are not talking about a stroke, but a transient disturbance of cerebral circulation (transient ischemic attack or hypertensive cerebral crisis).

First aid

In a stroke, a hemorrhage in the brain requires an immediate reaction to its occurrence, therefore, after the onset of the first symptoms, the following steps must be performed:

1. Lay the patient so that his head is raised about 30 °.
2. If the patient lost consciousness and was on the floor, move him to a more comfortable position.
3. If the patient has prerequisites for vomiting, turn his head on his side so that the vomit does not enter the respiratory system.
4. It is necessary to understand how the pulse and blood pressure change in a sick person. If possible, you need to check these indicators and remember them.
5. When the ambulance team arrives, doctors must indicate how the problems started, how much worse he felt and looked sick, and what pills he took.

• move a person or shift him to a bed (it is better to leave him where the attack occurred);
• use ammonia to bring the patient into consciousness;
• hold the limbs by force when seizures occur;
• give the patient medications in tablets or capsules that may become stuck in the airways (especially if he has a violation of swallowing function).

Effects

The most characteristic problems that occur after a stroke can include the following:

• Weakening or paralysis of the limbs. Most often, paralysis of one half of the body is manifested. Immobilization can be full or partial.
• Muscle spasticity. The limb is held in one position, joints may gradually atrophy.
• Problems of the speech apparatus: slurredness and incoherence of speech.
• Dysphagia is a violation of swallowing functions.
• Visual impairment: partial loss of vision, bifurcation, decrease in coverage.
• Violation of the functions of the intestines and bladder: urinary incontinence or, conversely, inability to excrete it.
• Mental pathologies: depression, fear, excessive emotionality.
• Epilepsy.

Left-sided stroke	Right-sided stroke
speech impairment; the impossibility of a logical solution to the problem; inability to analyze the situation; impaired ability to move with the right hand and / or leg; a change in sensitivity on the same side (right) - numbness, paresthesia; depressed mood and other mental changes.	poor memory, while speech, as a rule, remains normal; paresis and paralysis on the left side of the body; emotional poverty; the appearance of pathological fantasies, etc.

Signs of coma

Coma after an attack of a stroke develops rather quickly, acutely and has the following symptoms:

• Man suddenly fainted
• His face turned crimson red.
• The breath became loud, wheezing
• The pulse became intense, blood pressure increased
• Eyeballs deflected to the side
• Pupils narrowed or become uneven
• The pupils' reaction to the light became lethargic
• Muscle tone decreased
• Disorders of the functions of the pelvic organs (urinary incontinence)

How many years live after a stroke?

There is no single answer to this question. Death can occur immediately after a stroke. However, a long, relatively full life for decades is also possible.

Meanwhile, it was found that mortality after strokes is:

• During the first month - 35%;
• During the first year - about 50%.

The prognosis of stroke outcome depends on many factors, including:

• Age of the patient;
• Health conditions before a stroke;
• Quality of life before and after a stroke;
• Compliance with the regime of the rehabilitation period;
• The completeness of eliminating the causes of stroke;
• Presence of concomitant chronic diseases;
• Presence of stress factors.

Diagnostics

Diagnostic measures include:

• Inspection Test SPD. It is called by the letters of the first three actions that the patient must perform: smile, speak and try to raise a hand.
• Assessment of the general condition of the patient by a doctor.
• An accurate and operative study of the patient is prescribed, magnetic resonance therapy or computed tomography will help.
• Lumbar puncture will distinguish cerebral hemorrhage from other brain pathologies.
• Computed and magnetic resonance imaging are used to detect the fact of a stroke, clarify its nature (ischemic or hemorrhagic), the affected area, and also to exclude other diseases with similar symptoms.

Treatment and rehabilitation after a stroke

The optimal duration of hospitalization and initiation of therapy are the first 3 hours from the debut of clinical manifestations. Treatment in the most acute period is carried out in intensive care units of specialized neurological departments, then the patient is transferred to the early rehabilitation unit. Before the type of stroke is established, basic undifferentiated therapy is carried out, after an accurate diagnosis is made, specialized treatment is followed, and then a long rehabilitation.

Treatment after a stroke includes:

• conducting a course of vascular therapy,
• the use of drugs that improve brain metabolism,
• oxygen therapy
• rehabilitation treatment or rehabilitation (physiotherapy exercises, physiotherapy, massage).

In case of a stroke, call an ambulance immediately! If you do not provide immediate help, this will lead to the death of the patient!

To prevent complications, therapy is carried out using the following drugs:

• cerebroprotectors restore the structure of damaged brain cells;
• blood thinners (indicated exclusively for ischemic stroke);
• hemostatics, or hemostatic agents (used with a clearly defined stroke of hemorrhagic origin);
• antioxidants, vitamin preparations and drugs that improve the metabolism and blood circulation in tissues.

Rehabilitation measures:

• are carried out from the very beginning of the stroke and continue while maintaining a neurological deficit throughout life with the participation of the patient, a team of health workers and relatives;
• proper care for the patient’s body, the use of special devices;
• breathing exercises (for the prevention of pneumonia);
• as early as possible activation of the patient’s motor mode, starting from short sittings in bed to full-fledged physiotherapy exercises;
• the use of various physiotherapeutic and other methods: electrical procedures, massage, acupuncture, exercises with a speech therapist.

Folk remedies for restoring the body after a stroke

Before using folk remedies, be sure to consult your doctor, as contraindications are possible.

1. Rosehip cinnamon. The fruits and roots of the plant are used to prepare a decoction, which is introduced into the common baths in the treatment of paralysis and paresis. The course is 25 procedures, the broth is poured into water at a temperature of 37-38 ° C.
2. Sage bath after a stroke. 3 cups of sage herb pour 2 liters of boiling water. Let stand for 1 hour, strain and pour into the bathroom with warm water. Take these baths every other day.
3. Such a decoction is also very useful:   a teaspoon of crushed dry peony roots need to pour a glass of boiling water. After that, insist for an hour and strain. Use a tablespoon of broth 5 times a day.
4. Bay oil. This remedy is prepared as follows: 30 g of bay leaf should be poured with a glass of vegetable oil. Insist 2 months, while every day the bank needs to be shaken. The oil must be filtered and then brought to a boil. The mixture is recommended to rub in paralyzed places.

Prevention

A stroke belongs to the category of those diseases that are easier to prevent than to treat. Stroke prevention consists of:

1. You can prevent it by rational organization of the regime of work and rest, proper nutrition, sleep regulation, normal psychological climate, restriction of sodium in the diet, timely treatment of cardiovascular diseases: coronary heart disease, hypertension.
2. The best way to avoid a stroke is to prevent atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. Blood pressure monitoring and checking for are important here.
3. If necessary, take medications that improve the microcirculation of the vessels of the brain, and it is also possible to take medications that prevent a lack of oxygen (hypoxia) of the brain as prescribed by the doctor.

It's all about a stroke: what are its first signs and symptoms, the features of its treatment and subsequent recovery in men and women. Be healthy!

A stroke always attacks unexpectedly - this disease, like thunder from a clear sky, can penetrate into any home, any family. After the first shock subsided, first aid was rendered and the phase of humility with an unexpected misfortune passed, a tough and important question arises: how to organize the rehabilitation process?

Out of habit, first of all, new drugs take over, the medicine seems to be the most important way to alleviate a person’s condition, raise him to his feet, return to normal life, to self-care ability.

In practice, the rehabilitation of patients after a stroke consists in a huge complex complex combining pills and many other procedures: massages, gymnastics, muscle development, training for vision, hearing and much more.

Most often, the most important actions are taken after discharge from the hospital. This article focuses on an important topic - it discusses how to properly organize rehabilitation after a stroke at home. Contrary to popular belief that the main thing is expensive modern equipment, the results of treatment at home are often much more impressive.

Speed \u200b\u200band limits of patient recovery after a stroke

Often, close people responsible for rehabilitation really want to hear clear terms: after what time does the patient recover to a certain level?

Of course, this question is naive and is mainly dictated by the great stress that people experience. Clear terms seem to them that lifeline, which you can grasp in a situation that suddenly fell on his shoulders.

No doctor can answer this question. The terms are so individual that sometimes it’s impossible to say to the last whether a person has approached the possible limit of recovery. Or there is still a lot of hard work ahead.

However, a large sample of case histories makes it possible to statistically compile estimated dates of average recovery rates. The type of stroke and the injuries (lost opportunities) of the patient are taken as a guideline.

1. When, as a result of which the consequences can be attributed to very mild, minimal, expressed in minor violations of neurological functions (for example, mild tremor of the extremities, slight paralysis of some muscles, mild visual impairment), the expected terms of the first visible results after one month of treatment are indicated, and full recovery can be expected within three to four months.
2. In any stroke, as a result of which the patient receives severe injuries in terms of neurology, for example, paralysis of certain muscles or limbs, loss of coordination in a pronounced form, and others - implies the possibility of a very moderate, partial restoration of some functions. It is possible to restore the patient to self-care, but a complete recovery is still not to be expected. This happens, but these cases are very rare and unpredictable.
3. Severe strokes of any kind do not imply a full recovery. The patient usually gets complete paralysis of one of the parts of the body (left or right). About two years on average it takes for the patient to learn to sit again, it is possible to develop some paralyzed limbs, but full recovery is not possible.

This table is not the ultimate truth, but allows you to roughly estimate the scale of the disaster. It should be noted separately: one can hope for the best, but prepare oneself for the worst, then, regardless of the results, neither the patient nor his relatives will experience deep depression about the unattained result. Which, unfortunately, is not uncommon with such serious and unexpected diseases.

Often patients are so disappointed in the results that conventional therapy gives that they begin to resort to various not too scientific methods. Is it possible to abandon those methods that are offered by conventional doctors? It is reliably known that, for example, recovery from a stroke without the use of modern medicines is sometimes found in practice.

In fact, these recovery periods are erroneous. Once a stroke, people are forced to engage in a rehabilitation complex for life, which is very difficult.

Recovery: important nuances

How to recover from a stroke bypassing the pitfalls that almost all patients stumble upon?

Depression

Sometimes, as a result of a stroke, important neurons of the brain are damaged, which are responsible not only for motor functions, vision, but also for mood. A person falls into severe depression.

Many believe that this is logical and associated with a serious illness, rather emotionally than physically, but this is not so. Such depression can be overcome only using drugs, psychologist or psychiatrist therapy, and the help of relatives.

Depression is expressed in the fact that a person does not believe in life after a stroke, does not show interest in recovery procedures, and it seems that he does not want to recover at all. Often relatives who are tired of this state of affairs, exhausted by a disaster that has suddenly fallen on them, take offense at the patient and also tend to “fall behind, because he himself does not want to.”

It is important to understand that such an attitude towards reality is also. The patient is not to blame and is not able to do anything about it. Those involved in the process will have to treat this with understanding.

The waves

The process of patient recovery does not go on continuously - progressively, but in waves. It is likely that he will recover in jerks. Often this gets on the nerves to all participants in the process: if you would, try, try, but there is no return.

It is important to understand that this state of affairs is natural. Moreover, after a significant improvement, there is often a wave-like rollback. This is also not the most pleasant thing: yesterday everything was fine with you, but today it is a failure. Hands drop!

It is necessary to maintain the fighting spirit of not only the patient, but also your own, if you are a relative who helps a loved one in this difficult task. You should not doubt the result - if there are doubts, you will definitely feel it.

And now we will go over the main tasks that arise for almost everyone who is faced with stroke patients.

Some factors can make recovery difficult. For example, concomitant diseases often slow down all therapy: something cannot be given to the patient, there is no strength for something. Unfortunately, the ideal patient does not exist. A competent doctor will take into account all these nuances, explain them to relatives and help draw up a rehabilitation program after discharge.

Memory recovery

How to restore memory after a stroke is the first task that arises as you review the front of upcoming work. Memory loss is a common and very unpleasant phenomenon.

Loss of memory is not only that a person has forgotten information. Memorization processes are often disrupted, that is, new information is also quickly lost. Rehabilitation after a stroke should contribute to the restoration of these processes.

The memory is divided into three types:

1. RAM is what a person remembers for a short time. For example, you remember very well what office you left five minutes ago with paperwork, and six months later this information will be lost in your memory. The brain considered it unnecessary to record this information for a long time and preferred to throw it away as unnecessary, so as not to litter the memory.
2. Short-term memory is the next step. This is what you remember, not quite deciding whether you need it for a long time or not. So, the student sits over the tickets all night, carefully memorizing them so that in the afternoon after the exam forget this information forever - or not to forget, but rather strengthen it with repetitions, transferring the short-term memory to the long-term department.
3. Long-term memory is what we remember for a long time, a very long time.

Depending on what type of memory was damaged during a stroke, the consequences have different manifestations. With the destruction of short-term memory, the very mechanism of creating neural connections is damaged, and this is very difficult. A person cannot remember new information, and at the same time, he remembers very well what was long ago, since long-term memory has remained untouched.

Another common case is damage to long-term memory. In this case, the loss of all memory in whole or in large pieces is possible (meaning the loss of long-term memory, that is, long-standing events and fundamental knowledge).

So, the problems that the patient faces after a stroke related to memory are usually expressed in the form of difficulties with memorization. Phone number, shopping list, important little things - all this causes big problems. And there are also very common cases when they stop remembering visual information. And then it translates into problems with recognizing faces, objects, streets. Such patients may get lost in a familiar yard or stop recognizing the closest people.

1. Muscle development to increase muscle tone. Moreover, even complete paralysis of a limb should not cause urges to put an end to it: even in this case, mobility can be restored. And in a lighter situation with a simple loss of tone, you can even count on a full recovery.
2. Prolonged immobility can lead to pressure sores, blood clots, stagnation of fluids, edema. Regular gymnastics allows you to either completely remove these consequences, or reduce their intensity.
3. Improving the blood circulation of tissues, which is very suffering as a result of a stroke.
4. Muscle contractures are a frequent occurrence with immobility of the limbs, paralysis, and they can be avoided only with the help of exercise therapy.
5. As a result of the movement, normal functioning of the body is restored. After all, this is all very interconnected: for the internal organs of a person to work well, he needs to constantly move. Then the blood circulates normally through the body, and the body itself works like a clock. Unfortunately, stroke reduces the functions of the body or completely deprives the patient of such a natural mechanism. It can be partially replaced with the help of physiotherapy exercises.

Exercise therapy should be diluted with a special massage, manual therapy, physiotherapy - all this in a complex makes the body systems work from the outside.

Swallowing reflex

Another important problem is how to restore the swallowing reflex after a stroke, if it was lost - because without it the normal functioning of the body, home mode and self-care are impossible!

A disease in which swallowing becomes impossible or difficult is called dysphagia. With such a disease, the mobility of the tongue is limited, salivation may be observed, the muscles of the pharynx are poorly subordinate to the owner. As a result, the pharyngeal reflex is lost or insufficiently expressed.

In order for the function to recover, you need to perform exercises related to restoring the subordination of the muscles of the oral cavity and pharynx. Tongue movements, chewing food and others. All this is possible only if the patient can raise his head and hold it in this position for at least a short time (in the case of a completely lying patient). If he cannot hold his head, first of all, attention should be paid to this particular factor.

Until the reflex is restored, you need to feed the patient with special food, which does not need to be thoroughly chewed, in small portions. In the most difficult situations, the use of a probe is possible.

Vision loss

Sometimes a stroke results in complete or partial loss of vision. One eye can be blind, and both. How to restore vision after a stroke – this is another important task from the list of those that need to be solved to restore the patient's standard of living.

In order to solve this problem, you need to take from the ophthalmologist a special list of exercises that consist in the correct movements of the eyeball and eye massage with hands. It is possible that a long exercise will be required until the first signs of recovery and tangible results appear. Therefore, here you will have to stock up on patience and willpower.

Remember that only consistent regular implementation of the recommendations gives the result. The help of relatives and close people is of great weight - it is in them that the patient will draw the will to win when his own reserves are depleted.

But teamwork will give results even in the most difficult case. Any doctor will say that the result will be only when the general mood of the patient and his assistants is positive.

Remember that the patient who has suffered a stroke most needs the strong shoulder of those who believe in it.

According to medical statistics, stroke is one of the leading diseases in the world in mortality. It occurs spontaneously and can lead to death within one day. This ailment is caused by significant circulatory disorders in the cerebral cortex.

It is believed that the most common age for its development is 60 years. People who have had a stroke can no longer be completely healthy, despite the restoration of most functions.

Rehabilitation is often a complex and lengthy process. After all, life after a stroke can be radically different than before the manifestation of the disease. Sometimes a person has to learn to move and talk again.

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The maximum results in this can be achieved thanks to constant efforts on oneself: regular classes, healthy nutrition, as well as physical and psychological help from loved ones.

Types and causes

Stroke can be of two types: hemorrhagic and ischemic. Each of them has its own distinctive features.

The causes of hemorrhagic stroke can be:

• intoxication;
• avitaminosis;
• defects or inflammation of the vessels of the brain.

In this situation, a rupture of blood vessels occurs and blood enters under the membrane and into the ventricles of the brain. Often this disease is called intracerebral hemorrhage.

The essence of ischemic stroke is reduced to blockage of blood vessels and the death of brain cells due to lack of oxygen. In people, this ailment is called a cerebral infarction.

It can be caused by the presence of a number of diseases:

• diabetes;
• heart rhythm disturbance;
• atherosclerosis.

Predisposition to both forms of the disease are people in old age, as well as those who are overweight and hypertension.

Replay Prevention

During the first days after the occurrence of a stroke, special attention should be paid to preventing another attack. After all, each subsequent violation of blood circulation can lead to significant deviations in the functioning of the nervous system, up to the death of the patient.

It is immediately necessary to determine the causes of the ailment and the preventive procedures agreed with the doctor.

  You should immediately abandon bad habits that contribute to the destruction of cerebral vessels - drinking alcohol and smoking.

In addition, there are a number of requirements, the implementation of which will minimize the risk of re-manifestation of a stroke:

1. Change in diet.
2. Losing weight.
3. Minor physical activity in the form of exercise, hiking or sports.

Individually to each patient, the attending physician will tell you how to live after a stroke. They will set the maximum level of blood pressure that should be followed.

A list of medications that should be taken if necessary is also provided. Most commonly, medications are prescribed to reduce blood clotting and blood clots.

It is necessary to take a blood test for the content of glucose in it. Achieving the required level can reduce the likelihood of relapse.

Rehabilitation

After a stroke, it is mandatory to carry out rehabilitation procedures, regardless of the complexity of the disorders in the body caused by the disease. The entire rehabilitation period can be divided into temporary stages from the first days of the illness in the department of a medical institution to the subsequent recovery in rehabilitation centers and at home.

First month

Doctors often require the patient to be in a specialized department of the hospital for 2–4 weeks after the attack. Here, medical professionals of various profiles will be able to systematize the entire process of treatment and recovery. Circulatory disturbance in the brain leads to the appearance of a focus from dead nerve cells. And those cells that are nearby show weak activity. To restore their activity requires timely medical exposure. To begin with, bedridden patients are placed in the correct and convenient position for them to begin therapeutic gymnastics. Thanks to simple physical activities, as well as medications, nerve cells begin to work more actively. All this leads to the restoration of the work of parts of the brain. A positive result can be achieved only with a daily increase in loads. In the first two weeks, the patient is prescribed a light massage with stroking and slight rubbing. Also, muscle stimulation can be achieved using special electrical devices. If the patient during the first 10-14 days has well tolerated physical and emotional stress, doctors proceed to the stage of speech recovery.

After discharge

Disorders of the body can be cured within four weeks, and a person will return to his previous life rhythm. Otherwise, the restoration of health can be significantly delayed. Under such circumstances, the main factor in rehabilitation will be the continuation of classes regularly and systematically. This rule should be strictly observed during the first two months, gradually increasing the load. The home rehabilitation program is agreed with the local community doctor. The neurologist will draw up an adaptation card, according to which it is necessary to perform all procedures and exercises. Unfortunately, it is worth recognizing that in older people (in particular, when the patient's age exceeds a threshold of 70 years), a stroke is considered a very serious pathology, rehabilitation after which is almost impossible.

Diet

In case of excess weight in a patient or high blood glucose, the attending physician will definitely prescribe diet food. Diet should limit the intake of salt, animal fats and sugar. Lowering cholesterol allows you to cleanse blood vessels from plaques and improve blood circulation.

The menu should contain foods rich in fiber, vitamins and minerals. Eating after a stroke is carried out at least four times a day in small portions.

Forbidden products include:

• pork;
• fatty fish;
• smoked meats and sausages;
• grilled meat;
• high fat dairy products;
• butter baking;
• grapes;
• legumes;
• strong tea, coffee and carbonated drinks.

Vegetarian soups, boiled meat and vegetables, dried fruits, decoctions from herbs or dogrose, porridge from oatmeal, unpolished rice or millet will be useful.

Such a diet will allow you to lose weight, normalize blood circulation and reduce the likelihood of a second stroke.

Social adaptation

In addition to the restoration of motor functions, due attention is paid to social and psychological adaptation. It is especially important for able-bodied people aged 40-50 years with minor lesions of brain cells. After all, they have every chance to return to the previous rhythm of life and work.

Close ones should not isolate a person from performing various tasks, explaining this by the loss of his physical abilities or forgetfulness. On the contrary, one should prompt those words that he cannot remember and regularly set before him the performance of some tasks at home, corresponding to the functional capabilities of the body.

A person must feel needed by society.

Social adaptation consists in returning the patient to his previous work or, in case of impossibility, to another simpler work. If an elderly person or his deviations do not allow him to work, you need to help find a hobby, arrange visits to exhibitions or the theater.

A person can be involved, receive additional communication and physiotherapeutic procedures in specialized sanatoriums or rehabilitation centers.

To restore the patient after a stroke, moral support is very effective for loved ones. Recovery can be significantly accelerated by creating a favorable atmosphere in the family.

The main task of relatives and friends should be called helping a person to overcome the first period of his rehabilitation, when he is passive, is under the influence of psychological shock and does not believe in the success of his treatment. We must constantly praise him for his success, talk about the positive results of his recovery.

The most productive recovery after a stroke occurs in the first year of rehabilitation, and then the process slows down and adaptation (adaptation) begins to the existing functional impairment of the body. Therefore, the patient should be convinced that he should not give up and continue to regularly engage with him until complete recovery.

Full life after a stroke

Having survived a stroke, the patient may have certain limitations of his former capabilities. But this does not mean at all that he is not able to receive joy and satisfaction from life.

A person is quite capable of adapting to any type of leisure or hobby:

• cooking lovers can be in the kitchen in a comfortable chair, clean and cut vegetables for salads, knead and roll out the dough, decorate ready-made dishes, etc .;
• for gardeners and gardeners there is an opportunity to take care of potted plants and grow indoor crops;
• you can knit and embroider even with one hand, holding a knitting needle or a hoop in a special tripod;
• even while in a wheelchair, you can take walks in the park, go to movie theaters and restaurants.

For people who are socially active, the implementation of simple household chores can significantly bring them closer to returning to a team or to work.

How to Avoid Depression

After a stroke, finding a patient in a state of depression is simply unacceptable. Indeed, in this case, a person becomes passive, constantly lies, turning away to the wall, does not want to communicate with anyone.

But that's not all. In this mood, he absolutely does not show a desire for his own rehabilitation, daily exercises, both physical and speech.

  This situation can be resolved with antidepressants. This is an effective way to make the patient look at the world positively. In addition, constant communication with loved ones is necessary. The patient must assume any household responsibilities.

Proper nutrition, walks in the fresh air, minor physical exertion and water procedures can make a person more positive about life, as well as stimulate him to recover.

How many live after an attack

According to various statistics, after the development of a stroke during the first month, a fatal outcome can occur in 15-25% of patients. It should be noted that a fatal outcome occurs in half of these cases from repeated cerebral edema.

The rest is caused by complications in the form of renal failure, pneumonia, various heart diseases.

According to scientists, it can occur in 65% of patients. Of those people who managed to bear the blow, only 35% can survive more than one year. With ischemic stroke, the statistics are less sad. Here, the survival rate reaches 75%.

With, regardless of its type, the mortality rate is much higher than after the first pathology.

It should be noted that life expectancy after a stroke largely depends on the patient himself, his desire for recovery and a return to normal life. One person can live only a month, and the other many years, reaching the age of 80 years or more.

Proper nutrition and taking the necessary medications, giving up bad habits, as well as constant efforts to improve the functioning of your body allow a person to recover as much as possible after a stroke and prolong his life.