Every year on May 5 in Russia is celebrated Diver's Day. This holiday as a professional one was established in 2002 by decree of the President of the Russian Federation V. Putin at the request of representatives of diving organizations, services and structural divisions of various ministries and departments.

The date for the establishment of this holiday was an important historical event - (April 23) May 5, 1882, by the Decree of Alexander III, the world's first diving school was founded in Kronstadt. In the Emperor's Decree, it was said that the diving school should train "officers and lower ranks experienced in diving for ship needs and underwater mine work."

Back in the middle of the 19th century, after the end of the Crimean War and the liberation of Sevastopol, there was an urgent need for divers to work to raise guns from sunken ships and clear the fairway. Although, according to contemporaries, there were such specialists in the fleet at that time, they “were sometimes poorly trained, but they valued their work dearly.” In addition, the development of diving in our country of that period was due to the development of the navy and mines. Already in 1861, divers were introduced into the crews of warships of the Russian fleet, and diving equipment became a standard property.

The opening of a diving school in Kronstadt in 1882 put an end to the handicraft training of specialists. Now the training of specialists of this profile has been put on a scientific and methodological basis. Its founder and enlightened leader was Captain 1st Rank (later Admiral) V.P. Verkhovsky, and captain-lieutenant A.G. was appointed head of the school of divers. Leontiev.

By the end of the 19th century, the school had a significant backlog in the theory and practice of diving and enjoyed fame and respect in the world. At that time in Europe it was considered an honor to go to study in Kronstadt. The whole world knows the Russian diving school. "We are from Kronstadt" - this is becoming a worldwide recognition of professional training. The unconditional merit in this belongs to all its personnel, who were painstakingly selected in the fleet and in the institutions of the country by the command.

In addition, the creation of this educational institution marked a new stage in the development of diving in our country. The school of divers became the center that united scientific thought in the field of diving and underwater physiology.

For a long time, the training center was the only one in the world where diving specialists were trained. Today, the heir of the Kronstadt diving school is the Naval Engineering Institute, formed in 1998 as a result of the merger of the VVMIU named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky and VVMIU named after V.I. Lenin. This St. Petersburg Naval Technical University worthily bears the high title of one of the best educational institutions in Russia that train divers.

Specialists of this profession today work in many departments and structures, industries and spheres of life of modern society. But so far, diving remains a rather complicated and dangerous profession. Therefore, serious requirements are imposed on a person engaged in this activity - in addition to professional skills, a diver must have stress resistance, a calm and balanced character, good hearing, intelligible speech and, of course, physical endurance. And everything can not but cause respect.

Diver's Day is a professional holiday for divers. Divers, scuba equipment manufacturers, diving instructors, diving enthusiasts, teachers, students and graduates of the Naval Engineering Institute participate in the celebrations.

Meaning: the holiday is dedicated to the foundation of the first diving school in Kronstadt on May 5, 1882.

Traditionally, on this day, divers are awarded certificates of honor, diplomas, orders, medals, and notes of thanks are made to their personal files.

The content of the article

history of the holiday

Diver's Day was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation V. Putin of May 5, 2002. The date of the holiday is timed to the foundation on May 5, 1882 of the first diving school in the city of Kronstadt by order of the All-Russian Emperor Alexander III.

Holiday traditions

On Diver's Day, the leadership of the units of the Russian fleet and the Ministry of Emergency Situations (MES) presents divers with certificates, diplomas, makes notes of thanks in personal files, awards medals and orders for outstanding services, heroism and courage. On this professional holiday, sports competitions, competitions for dressing underwater equipment among divers are organized.

Task for the day

Watch a documentary or feature film about the work of divers.

• On May 4, 2012, the Kronstadt Maritime Museum was opened. It is dedicated to the history of diving in Russia and the history of Kronstadt.
• The diving suit was invented by the English designer August Siebe in 1819.
• Scuba gear was invented by the French J.-I. Cousteau and E. Gagnan in 1943.
• There is a search and rescue breed of dog - "diver", or "Newfoundland". The animal is an excellent swimmer and diver. The diver has a water-repellent double coat.
• The most common disease among divers is decompression sickness. It occurs when diving to depth due to the rapid decrease in the pressure of the inhaled gas mixture. This leads to the formation of gas bubbles in the blood, which destroy the cells and walls of blood vessels. In severe form, decompression sickness leads to paralysis and death.

toasts

"Dear Guys! We sincerely congratulate you on your professional holiday - Diver's Day. Your service is a dangerous, but necessary work for society, which you perform with dignity. We express our gratitude, appreciation and respect to you for not looking for easy ways and choosing a truly important and serious work that benefits people. You are real men who risk themselves for the benefit of others. We love, appreciate, congratulations!

“Water is an alien element for us, but someone must sometimes descend into it. Then you come to the rescue - divers, and it's safe to say that there, under the water column, there are no secrets for you, and even if the work is difficult, you can handle it! Please accept our congratulations on the Diver's Day and wish you good luck, because you need it so much!

“Congratulations to all those who plunge into the endless seas and oceans without fear, exploring the bottom and performing other difficult tasks. We wish you peace and determination in diving, may all dangers bypass you.”

Presents

Antifog. Antifog - a special gel that eliminates fogging of the mask - will serve as a pleasant and useful gift to someone whose work or hobby is related to deep diving.

Sealed cover. Sealed waterproof case allows you to take gadgets or things with you and keep them dry during the dive.

Underwater camera. The underwater camera will serve as an unexpected and pleasant surprise that will allow you to shoot the inhabitants of the underwater world.

Equipment. Dive gear makes a great themed and practical gift. The diver will be happy with a new wetsuit, mask, fins or rock shoes.

Contests

The fastest diver
Participants of the competition are given fins and masks for scuba diving. Competitors are offered to put on props and follow a given route. The route can be depicted with arrows on the floor; improvised obstacles will be placed along the road. The winner is the participant who best orients himself and gets to the finish line the fastest.

sunken treasure
For the competition, it is necessary to prepare a chest in which the treasure is placed. It can be some unusual item or a souvenir: a figurine, a chocolate figurine, a tin can, etc. Guests of the competition are invited to guess what treasure was found on the sunken ship, and take turns asking questions that can be answered with “Yes” or “No”. The winner is the one who first names the hidden object.

Underwater dancing
Participants of the competition are given equipment: masks, fins, wetsuits, life jackets, inflatable children's circles. Having put on the props, the contestants line up and begin to dance to the proposed music. To complicate the task, you can replace fast melodies with slow ones. At the end of the competition, the winner is determined by an audience vote.

About the profession of a diver

Divers examine the bottom, conduct search and rescue operations, repair diving equipment, maintain underwater structures, repair ships under water, protect ships from the actions of sabotage groups.

They serve in the units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations or the Navy. In Russia, such specialists are trained by the Naval Engineering Institute in St. Petersburg.

A diver must be hardy, stress-resistant, be able to act in extreme situations and provide first aid.

A rare profession that requires endurance, excellent health, good mentality is divers. This professional holiday is dedicated to such brave people.

Story

The history of the holiday goes back to the reign of Alexander III. In 1882, on April 28 (according to the new style, May 5), the ruler issues a decree on the creation of the world's first diving school. The school was opened in the city of Kronstadt. The main task of the institution was to train specialists for the installation of underwater mines and other ship matters.

After the liberation of the hero city of Sevastopol and the end of the Crimean War, the profession of divers became in great demand. It was necessary to get the flooded gun from the bottom. Divers appreciated their work, although they were poorly trained at that time. The school in Kronstadt was considered not prestigious, the level of training of specialists was low. By the end of the 19th century, good specialists were found to solve this problem. Admiral V.P. Verkhovsky was appointed director of the school, and Captain-Lieutenant A.G. Leontyev was appointed head of the school. After the change of personnel, the school began to work according to the scientific and methodological instructions. The institution gained prestige, everyone who wanted to devote his professional activity to diving dreamed of studying here. The Russian school has won worldwide recognition. For a long time she remained the only one in Russia.

Today, a military-technical university operates in St. Petersburg, which continues the work of the Kronstadt school. University graduates work in various departments and structures of our state. Divers work at hydroelectric power plants, oil platforms, ships, inspect natural reservoirs, and work as rescuers.

The work of a diver is difficult and dangerous. Previously, specialists could hardly move in their suit, today equipment is more comfortable and lighter. But working conditions cannot be changed - it is cold and pressure drops.

Traditions

On the day of the celebration, solemn meetings of veterans are held. The management rewards employees for high achievements, presents awards, medals and prizes. Beginners go through "baptism of fire". Sports competitions are organized on this day, the winners are awarded with valuable gifts. At the meeting, experienced divers share their experience with university graduates, tell interesting stories that happen on almost every dive.

Divers who conquer the depths and get pleasure, consider Diver's Day their holiday and also celebrate it on a large scale.

What do we know about such a profession as a diver? Probably only that this is a rather rare dangerous profession. Only strong-willed people can devote their lives to such hard work. But the areas where the work of divers is used are very diverse - this is the maintenance of underwater structures, hydroelectric power plants, oil platforms, ship repair work, inspection of natural reservoirs, rescue work. And if you add to this work in all weather conditions, pressure drops during diving, cold ...

In order to adequately appreciate the work of divers, May 5, 2002 was officially proclaimed the Diver's Day. This date was not chosen by chance. On May 5, 1882, the first and only diving school in the world was opened in Kronstadt, and divers from all over the world considered it an honor to study at this school. The well-known words “we are from Kronstadt” came from there.

Conquerors of the depths
Glorious peaks of life!
On the shoulder this work
Only the best of men.

We want to wish you
Never lose heart.
Both on land and at sea
Know no misfortune, no grief.

And on the path of life
Find a treasure trove.

Happy Diver's Day!
Good luck with everything,
I wish you good health
And it used to be so light in the soul.

Let love surround you everywhere
May the joy of the eyes not leave
Let the waves of happiness cover.
Well, in general, congratulations, diver!

Congratulations on the day of the diver. I wish to be the real king of the underwater world and the true king of a wealthy life. May any secrets of the sea and not only depths be revealed to you, may all the secrets of great success and happiness be known to you. Health diver, strong strength and good luck!

Divers are not afraid
Depths and dives,
Congratulations to them today
And we wish them luck
Their work is dangerous, while
It is very important and necessary
May it always be without incident
Get out on land!

Congratulations divers!
With your holiday cordially,
May luck be with you
Happiness will be endless.

You explore the depths
With great zeal I wish
Your courage, resilience, will
On a glorious holiday, I glorify.

Let your work be appreciated
May life be joyful.
For a balloon of love and passion,
Diver, always hold on.

Diver's Day is the best holiday in the world,
To all conquerors of the deep sea,
I want to say that you are my idols,
I do not know more courageous men!

May you be comfortable in the depths,
Always, in everything success accompanies,
And you were like fish, you are agile,
They worked without stress and interference.

May the sun shine and warm you
And at home they wait with hope, loving,
May you have enough kindness and happiness,
You take care, dear, yourself!

I wish on Diver's Day
Good luck diving
And always look into both eyes,
Fulfilling a hundred orders!

I want this job
Appreciated by a good salary,
So that you, plunging under water,
I was happy with a rich life!

Excellent work -
Dive to the bottom of the lake
All underwater beauty
Study with interest.

Wish diver
More joyful moments.
Impressions of new different
Let the reservoirs carry!

In the depths of the underwater you often visit,
You know all the fish by species, names.
What family and what subclass
In short, you are the most beautiful diver.

With love, I congratulate you on your triumph,
I wish you success underwater, terrestrial!
Let everything go well that you think
Let the sea of ​​​​love splash in the district.

You are not afraid of the depth
Blue, azure and even darkness.
You bravely step towards it,
Swim under the water
Meters, distances, kilometers
And open the moments
that no one can see.
Joy to you and not one!
For you to live happily
Let the days pass violently
Fun, light and meek,
A valuable find.

The surface of the waters is above now.
We leave from the side down to the bottom.
It's all serious - trust me.
Yes, this is not the time to rest.
Work is often worn out ...
And the reward is the reward.
Water and blood through the nose,
Your answer is the word "must"!
Do not give time for the caisson ailment.
... because you do not feel the disease right away.
Be reasonable - and it will be good
The fate of a brave diver...

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The main historical milestones in the development of diving in Russia

May 5 is not a simple diver's day. It was on this day in 1882 that the world's first diving school was established on the territory of the Russian Empire. Alexander 3 had a hand in opening the school, who opened it in Kronstadt. For that time it was an unprecedented event, the expediency of which could not be understood by everyone. Over the years, of course, the opening of the school justified itself, but this is a completely different story.

Combat swimmers

The main task of training at the school was to train cadets in mining at various depths, as well as to teach how to carry out some repair work also under water. Not every cadet was able to complete the entire course, which indicated the high quality of training. People from all over the world went to the school of divers, but not everyone managed to get there.

Over time, the role of divers during wars has increased. Among other things, they were given the task of raising guns from sunken ships from the bottom, which had a positive effect on the military equipment of the Russian Empire. It was not difficult for them to fulfill these duties, due to the excellent training received at the diving school.

Today in Russia there are a number of units as part of the GRU special forces, the Marine Corps and other branches of the armed forces that perform sabotage, engineering and reconnaissance functions using underwater special means:

• 311 OSPNB PDSS;
• 159 OSPNB PDSS;
• 102 OOB PDSS;
• 269 ​​OOB PDSS;
• 160 OOB PDSS and a number of other units.

Rescue divers

At present, the role of divers in peacetime and wartime has only increased. It is already difficult to imagine a modern fleet without a group of sea or river divers. As for the Russian Federation, here we can also note a positive trend in the development of diving. Today, not only men, but also girls work as rescue divers.

So in 2015, a new modern rescue ship entered the Navy. To assess the scale of the event, we will tell you that before that, the last time ships of this purpose were acquired more than 25 years ago.

The realization that it was necessary to purchase a new diving and rescue vessel came after the tragic events on board the Kursk submarine. It was then that it became clear that it was impossible to do without equipping with a modern rescue vessel.

“Igor Belousov”, this is the name of a modern rescue ship. The sailors and divers of this vessel may perform many duties. For example, it will not be difficult for them to help the sunken crew of a submarine, or to rescue the crew of a sunken ship. But not only the range of duties of the ship's employees is limited to this, they also need to quickly solve smaller assignments.

Currently, the total number of divers in Russia reaches 8,000 people and they represent approximately 250 different organizations. Above in the text it was about professional divers.

Also, in recent years, about 1,000 diving clubs have been organized in various parts of our vast country, where, in a fairly short period of time, about 100,000 amateur divers have been trained, who, upon passing accreditation, have every chance of obtaining the status of a professional. As you can see, the development of the diving business is taking huge strides, which cannot but rejoice.

Diving technologies are actively used in various spheres of life. For example, it is impossible to imagine a modern Ministry of Defense without divers. Rescue and search services are also equipped with a brigade of divers who are able to come to the rescue at any time. This is only a small part of what brave divers can do.

Divers perform many jobs at various depths that are not advertised to the general public. Sometimes media representatives manage to find out some details. For example, recently, divers of the Northern Fleet, at the cost of incredible efforts, were able to lift a hundred-ton steam locomotive from the time of the Second World War from the bottom of the Barents Sea.

At first glance, it may seem that this is not so difficult to do, but it is not. This operation was carried out for the first time in history and required everyone who was involved in it to spend an incredible amount of effort.

Congratulations and gifts for Diver's Day

Voenpro is ready to offer you a wide selection of flags and diver badges. In stock are various paraphernalia with the symbols of special units of combat swimmers and divers of various states - Russia, the USA, France, South Africa, Great Britain and others.

The medal “135 Years of Diving” will be a nice addition to the list of awards for veterans, both military and civilian. This medal will please your loved ones, because they deserve it! Everyone who has devoted his life to such a difficult task should receive awards - for someone who is just starting his diver's path, this award will be the first, and for someone it will replenish the collection of awards.

Everyone who has connected his life with diving, without a doubt, will celebrate this significant date on May 5 with friends or with his relatives. They deserve this holiday, but it is in your interests, dear friends, to make their holiday even brighter. Thanks to Voenpro, you can buy a lot of themed gifts for your loved ones, from which they will be delighted. The quality of the goods and the speed of delivery will delight you and your loved ones. Voentorg “Voenpro” works for you, dear friends!

Reconnaissance divers on the fronts of World War II

There are at least two "true" stories about how the Soviet-Russian naval special forces arose.

First. In 1954, on the beach near one of the Crimean sanatoriums of the Soviet party and state elite, traces of scuba divers were found.

The then panic of the top leadership of the country prompted the leadership of the Armed Forces to decide on the formation of units of combat swimmers - naval special forces.

Another version is "completely different." In April 1956, the Soviet cruiser Ordzhonikidze, on which a unique propeller group was installed, arrived on a friendship visit to Great Britain.

The sources of this information claim that it was then that the Royal Navy combat swimmer Captain 2nd Rank Krebs sank into the waters of the Thames to secretly study new Soviet technology. From the same sources it is known that during the re-immersion, the ship's propeller of our cruiser turned ... "suddenly." The English officer was killed.

The Soviet side apologized and expressed regret over what had happened. It was after this incident, according to informants, that the appropriate unit was urgently organized in the USSR Navy. Later it became known as the "marine special forces".

From the history of the issue. Back in 1938, enthusiastic commanders of the RKKF Savichev, Krivosheenko and Krol suggested the possibility of using a submariner's personal breathing apparatus (IDA) for reconnaissance and sabotage activities. The proposal to create a diving special unit was made by senior lieutenant Afanasyev, an undercover intelligence officer of the ShBF RO, in July 1941. At the end of July of this year, the head of EPRON, Rear Admiral Krylov, reported to the representative of the Headquarters of the Supreme Command, Admiral Isakov, about the advisability of creating a special purpose company (RON). The final result resulted in the following order by the People's Commissariat of the Navy of the USSR dated August 11, 1941: “To form a special-purpose company consisting of 146 staff units under the Intelligence Department of the Baltic Fleet ... I appoint Lieutenant Prokhvatilov I.V. as company commander.”

The RON personnel received their first baptism of fire when the bridge over the Narva River was blown up in August 1941. At night, two scouts, the eldest of whom was Senior Lieutenant Pupkov (the surname of the second was not preserved in the archive materials), swam towed a sea mine with a temporary fuse to the bridge and fixed it on a support. The bridge collapsed, and the saboteurs quietly returned to the base.

A special page in the activities of the RON is the work of personnel in conducting ice reconnaissance on Lake Ladoga during the days of the siege of Leningrad. It was according to the results of this exploration that the famous "Road of Life" was laid. The operation was led by the RON commander himself, Lieutenant Prokhvatilov.

The search and survey of sunken ships is the most mysterious activity of the RON. On July 30, 1944, a hunter boat under the command of Senior Lieutenant Kolenko sank a German submarine in the Vyborg Bay, which sank at a depth of 30 m. The German command immediately began to show a strange and unusual interest in the place of her death. Enemy aircraft repeatedly heavily bombed the supposed square where the submarine was located, and enemy torpedo boats that broke through here dropped several dozen depth charges.

The commander of the Baltic Fleet, Admiral Tributs, ordered the RON scouts to locate and examine the sunken submarine.

16 divers, led by the company commander, captain of the 3rd rank Prokhvatilov, worked for three days at depths exceeding the maximum allowable for light diving equipment in service. constant shelling and stormy weather. The task was completed.

It turned out that the submarine was carrying a new German weapon - two electric, acoustically homing T-5 torpedoes with proximity fuses. With their help, the leadership of Nazi Germany intended to defeat the Western allies of the USSR in the Battle of the Atlantic.

The Soviet leadership informed London about the find. In the course of personal confidential correspondence between Stalin and Churchill, an agreement was reached on the urgent dispatch of British specialists to the USSR to study the German torpedo on the spot.

Somewhat later, in accordance with the instructions of the Intelligence Directorate of the MGSH, units of reconnaissance divers, similar to the Baltic RON, are also formed in other fleets.

During the war years, the RON company conducted more than 200 reconnaissance and sabotage operations, half of them using diving equipment. (IAA In the ocean-sea)