The epochal work “War and Peace” reveals to the reader not only real pictures of historical events of the first quarter of the 19th century in Russia, but also reflects a wide palette of diversity of relationships between people. Tolstoy's novel can safely be called a work of ideas, the value and objectivity of which is still relevant today. One of the problems that is raised in the work is the analysis of the essence of the concept of love. In the work, the author addresses the issues of forgiveness of infidelity, self-sacrifice for the sake of a loved one and many others, united by the theme of love. The main love story, which personifies the ideal of sincere feeling, is reflected in the relationship between Natasha Rostova and Andrei Bolkonsky in Tolstoy's novel War and Peace.

Ideals of love and family relationships

According to Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, the concepts of love and marriage in a prose work are somewhat delimited. Using the example of the relationship between Pierre and Natasha, the writer personifies in the novel the ideal of true family happiness, harmony of relationships between people, trust, calm and confidence in a marital union. The idea of ​​simple human happiness and finding harmony in simplicity is fundamental in the work of Lev Nikolaevich and is realized through the depiction of the Bezukhov family relationships.

The relationship between Natasha and Andrey symbolizes the love line of the novel. Between them there is not a shadow of those concepts that the author idealizes at the end of the work using the example of the Bezukhov family. This is precisely what suggests that the concept of love and family for Tolstoy is somewhat different. Family gives a person confidence, stability and calm happiness. Love, according to Tolstoy, can both inspire and destroy a personality, change its inner world, attitude towards others and completely influence the path of life. It was these feelings that affected the heroes Andrei and Natasha. Their relationship is far from ideal, but it personifies the symbol of true love in the novel War and Peace.

Reflection of the war on people's lives

Using the example of the relationship between Bolkonsky and Natasha, the author depicts one of the tragic consequences of such a phenomenon as war. If it weren’t for Andrei’s participation in hostilities and his injury during the Battle of Borodino, perhaps these heroes would have become the personification of not only true love in the novel, but could also symbolize the ideal of family. However, according to Tolstoy's plan, the heroes were not given such a chance. In the novel “War and Peace,” the love of Natasha and Andrei, which ended in the death of Bolkonsky, is one of the plot and ideological devices for depicting the drama and tragedy of war.

Relationship history

The meeting of these heroes changed the lives of both of them. In the heart of the gloomy, boring, unsmiling and disillusioned Andrei with life, society and love, faith in beauty, the desire to live and be happy were revived. The heart of a lively and sensual Natasha, open to new emotions and feelings, also could not resist the fateful meeting, and was given to Andrey. They fell in love with each other almost at first sight. Their engagement became a logical continuation of a romantic acquaintance that inspired Andrei and gave him faith in a new life.

How painful his disappointment in his chosen one became when Natasha, inexperienced and ignorant of the laws of life and human cruelty, could not resist the temptations of social life and tainted her pure feeling for Andrei with her passion for Anatoly Kuragin. “Natasha didn’t sleep all night; she was tormented by an insoluble question: who did she love: Anatoly or Prince Andrei? Despite his strong feelings for Natasha, Andrei cannot forgive her for this betrayal. “And of all the people, I have never loved or hated anyone more than her,” he says to his friend Pierre.

The tragedy of the ending is the essence of the author's intention

The collapse of hopes and life plans leads him to real despair. This feeling did not escape poor Natasha, who, realizing her mistake, reproaches and torments herself for the pain she caused to her loved one. However, Tolstoy decided to give his suffering heroes one last moment of happiness. After being wounded at the Battle of Borodino, Andrei Bolkonsky and Natasha meet in the hospital. The old feeling flares up with much greater force. However, the cruelty of reality does not allow the heroes to be together due to Andrei’s serious injury. The author only gives Andrei the opportunity to spend his last days next to the woman he loves.

The importance of the ability to forgive and be forgiven

This plot plan is implemented by Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy with the aim of proclaiming the idea of ​​​​the importance of the ability to forgive and earn forgiveness. Despite the tragic events that separated the young people, they carried this feeling until the end of their lives. The dynamic and not always ideal relationship of these characters in the novel “War and Peace” is another aspect of the writer’s ideological plan. Despite the fact that in the novel “War and Peace” Bolkonsky and Natasha personify the ideal of a love relationship, they are quite close to real life, in which there is a place for misunderstandings, resentments, betrayals and even hatred. The love story of Andrei and Natasha, the author deliberately gives them an imperfect shade. The episode associated with the betrayal of the bride and the separation of the characters give special realism to both the heroes of the work and the entire novel.

Describing the relationship between Andrei and Natasha, the author demonstrates that the reader faces ordinary people who can make a mistake, be it betrayal, pride or hatred. Thanks to this depiction of the relationship between the main characters of the love story of the epic novel, the reader gains the opportunity to experience a real life story, believe and empathize with the characters, feel all the tragedy and injustice of such a social phenomenon as war, which is one of the main ideas of the work and essay on the topic: “Natasha Rostova and Andrei Bolkonsky in the novel “War and Peace”.

Work test

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

Treason.

Natasha Rostova could not remain faithful to Andrei Bolkonsky. She spiritually cheated on him with Anatoly Kuragin, even wanted to run away with him. She was pushed to betray her by 2 reasons: lack of worldly wisdom, inexperience, and also uncertainty about Andrei and her future with him. When leaving for the war, Andrei did not clarify personal matters with her and did not give her confidence in her position. Anatol Kuragin, taking advantage of Natasha’s inexperience, seduced her. Rostova, due to her age, was unable to think about the consequences of her choice; only chance saved her from shame.

Helen Kuragina in the novel is presented as a person with a lack of moral principles. That’s why the concept of fidelity is alien to her. In life, she is guided only by profit, she makes all decisions to serve her own interests, the feelings of other people mean nothing to her. When she married Pierre, she did not realize that she could hurt him, and thought only about material gain. Helene did not love Pierre and did not want children from him. Therefore, the marriage was doomed to death. Her numerous infidelities left no chance for their union. As a result, Pierre suggested breaking up with her because he could no longer tolerate the shame.

Loyalty to the Motherland.

Kutuzov is presented in the novel War and Peace as a man loyal to his Fatherland. He deliberately makes unpopular decisions to save his country from destruction.

Most of the novel's heroes sacrifice their lives to win the war.

Loyalty to parents and one's principles.

Marya Bolkonskaya devoted her entire life to serving her loved ones, in particular her father. She endured reproaches addressed to her and steadfastly endured her father’s rudeness. When the enemy army was advancing, she did not leave her sick father, she did not betray herself. She put the interests of her loved ones higher than her own.

Marya was a deeply religious person. Neither the hardships of fate nor disappointment could extinguish the fire of faith in her.

Loyalty to your moral principles.

The Rostov family showed that even in the most difficult times you can maintain dignity. Even when the country fell into chaos, the members of this family remained true to their moral principles. They helped the soldiers by hosting them at home. The hardships of life did not affect their characters.

One of the directions of the final essay is “Loyalty and Treason.” It may contain themes related to the following concepts: loyalty and betrayal to a loved one, oneself, a friend, one’s family.

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"Loyalty and Betrayal" works

Almost every work studied in school contains story line, to one degree or another associated with fidelity and betrayal. Let's consider possible products for the first point:

1. « » , Natasha Rostova, who cheated on Andrei Bolkonsky with one, and is marrying a third.
2. "Quiet Don", Grigory Melekhov, who cannot decide who he should be with: Natasha, his wife and mother of his children, or the married Aksinya.
3. « » , Margarita, who, being married, loves her master and is trying to find him.

For the second point you can take:

1. « » Bazarov, who at first is iron-confident in his views, and then meets a woman who changes his world, he begins to doubt himself.
2. « » , Sonya Marmeladova, a highly moral person who is forced to deviate from her principles and, for the sake of her family, take the “yellow ticket”.
3. "Taras Bulba", the main character, Taras, is true to himself, to his homeland, so he, without deviating from his views, kills his son for betraying his homeland.
4. Poems by Mayakovsky "About the Soviet passport". The lyrical hero is proud that in his hands is a “Hammer-faced, sickle-faced Soviet passport.”
5. “And the dawns here are quiet...”. A squad of women and their commander sacrifice themselves to save the Motherland from the Nazis.
6. "Taras Bulba", Andriy falls in love with a Polish princess and betrays his homeland.

Loyalty and betrayal in the work "Taras Bulba".

As an example about friendship, you can take the following works:

1. "Scarecrow". Here is an example (Lenka, who takes the blame for her friend’s misdemeanor upon herself), and anti example – Dima Somov(afraid to tell the truth, looking at how classmates mock her friend).
2. "Oblomov", Andrei Stolts, who does not abandon his lazy, inert friend and helps him organize things in the village.

The problem of fidelity and betrayal in the family circle is illuminated in the works:

1. "Quiet Don", Grigory Melekhov leaves his family: wife, parents - for the sake of his mistress.
2. "Taras Bulba“Andriy goes against not only the laws of his society, but also against the will and teachings of his father.

Attention! You can use any suitable examples from classical Russian, as well as from foreign and modern literature.

Loyalty and betrayal - introductory part

The introduction should reveal the meaning of terms"loyalty" and "betrayal". After you have given the definition, comment on the problem, give your assessment, express your thoughts on this occasion, talk about its significance and relevance.

Complete your thesis – highlight main idea, literally in one sentence. And then move on to argumentation.

The problem of fidelity and betrayal

Here you can talk about what cheating leads to, tell about the consequences. Think about what feelings the traitor will experience, and what will happen to the person who trusted him.

You may wonder whether a faithful person will ever be happy and much more. The description of the problem will depend from a specific topic.

The problem of fidelity and betrayal, arguments for an essay

Arguments for the essay should be taken from works relevant to the topic. You can format them as follows:

And after that, you can move on to writing a conclusion and summing up.

Loyalty and betrayal: arguments for essays, quotes

1. “Consistency is the basis of virtue” - Balzac.
2. “Be faithful to those who are faithful to you” - Plath.
3. “What is my father, comrades and homeland to me? So if that’s the case, here’s the thing: I don’t have anyone! Nobody, nobody! — Andriy, Taras Bulba.
4. “Take care of your honor from a young age” - “The Captain’s Daughter” epigraph.

Attention! It is not at all necessary to use quotes in your essay.

Loyalty and betrayal: conclusion

Summarize based on the above arguments. Do you agree with the theme? Think about what you want to convey in your essay. Perhaps you can recommend something to solve this problem. Draw the reader's attention to something call them to action.

You can use the following templates to indicate the output:

1. In conclusion, I want to say that… .
2. I agree (agree) with the author that... .
3. Please note that betrayal is fraught with far from happy consequences.

Loyalty and treason to the Motherland

This topic raises the concept of “patriotism” - love for the Motherland.

This problem is advantageous in that it allows you to select a lot of examples from literary works devoted to historical and military topics (“The Dawns Here Are Quiet,” “Vasily Terkin,” “The Little Soldier,” etc.).

Each of us understands that this topic is very important nowadays. Therefore, there will be no problem in identifying its relevance and significance.

The captain's daughter: loyalty and betrayal

This work can be used for argumentation in the following directions:

• loyalty and treason to the Motherland;
• to a loved one;
• to myself.

Let's take a closer look. Maria Mironova can be used as an example of pure, true love.

And Peter Grinev can be cited as an example as true patriot, confident in his views on life, his anti-example is Shvabrin. And we also saw traitors to the Motherland here, when they were offered to die or go over to the side of the invader.

Evgeny Onegin: fidelity and betrayal

The main character of this work can be used as examples in several ways. He is courting a married woman, especially since she is the wife of his best friend. This ruins friendships and starts enmity. You can also consider and use tangled love line Evgeny Onegin - Tatiana.

Another example is the biography of Tatyana’s mother, a domineering, callous woman who became like this because of her husband. In her youth, she dreamed of moving to the capital and marrying a military man and leading a social life. But since she became the wife of a landowner, she had to forget about all your dreams.

Loyalty and betrayal, essay examples

Loyalty is constancy in your views, feelings, beliefs. Of course, this is a positive quality. But for each concept there is a term that has the opposite meaning. The antonym for the word “loyalty” is – “betrayal” is uncertainty, retreat in one's beliefs.

The topic of fidelity and betrayal has interested many writers. I think they got their attention emotions and feelings of people, who were loyal and betrayed, thoughts that were the driving force of the traitor at the time of committing vile acts. In order to confirm my words, let us turn to examples from the literature.

A striking illustration of this topic will be “Oblomov” by Goncharov. Here we see the standard of a faithful friend - Andrei Stolts. This character is quite pragmatic: this person’s views on life are absolutely stable and constant. It seems to me that it was for this reason that Stolz always helped out his not very independent friend Oblomov and did not leave him in trouble throughout the entire work. I think that kind of loyalty and devotion deserves respect.

A more interesting plot, full of intrigue, is tied up in Zheleznikov’s work “Scarecrow”. Here we will encounter both loyalty and betrayal. Before the readers are ordinary students from an ordinary school. The main character Lenka is new to the class, she is quiet, modest, and sincere. The girl makes a friend, because of whom she is bullied by her classmates. When Dima reports to the teacher that the class skipped class, Lenka shows nobility and takes the blame for the class upon herself.

I think this is a very brave act, because she knew how it could end. But how will her only friend behave, looking at how the whole class is mocking an innocent girl? And we see that he is suffering, thoughts about this haunt him, but at the same time, he is afraid to be in her place. Therefore, he chose to preserve his reputation rather than help out Lenka, who helped him in difficult times. I think this is treason and betrayal. But I think that after reading this book, few people will want to find themselves in such a situation, because the author so masterfully describes the mental torment of a traitor.

Loyalty and betrayal. direction of the final essay

“Loyalty and Betrayal” Essay example

Conclusion

In conclusion, I want to say that by reading various works on the topic of fidelity and betrayal, we can learn from actions and mistakes heroes in order to avoid unpleasant situations in life and be good, loyal friends.

It is very important in the final essay fully expand on the topic, therefore, for a better result, try to choose examples where the first shows the positive side, and the second, the negative side of the phenomenon indicated in the topic of the essay.

Patriotism, loyalty to duty in the novel “War and Peace”

Despite the stability of many of Bolkonsky’s character traits, beliefs, and feelings (patriotism, loyalty to duty, civic activity, keen interest in general philosophical and moral problems), and the rationalistic nature of his nature, he is not without, albeit restrained, emotionality, which is most fully expressed in friendship and in love, and at first - in the desire for fame, organically combined with the desire to act and be useful. “Prince Andrei was one of those rare officers at the headquarters who believed his main interest was in the general course of military affairs.”

In Brunn, having learned that Vienna had been taken by the French, he urgently goes to the army, which is in danger: “I’m going in order to save the army.” He is driven by a feeling of insulted Russian pride, hope of glory, readiness to die. “I will do it as well as anyone else.” Before the Battle of Shengraben, Bolkonsky dreams of a feat, of glory on a Napoleonic scale: “It has begun! Here it is!.. How will my Toulon express itself? But, having accomplished the feat (he remains on the uncovered battery of Captain Tushin, whose actions ensured the success of the battle), Bolkonsky, reporting on the progress of the battle and the heroism of Tushin, leaves himself in the shadows. Before the Battle of Austerlitz, the need for glory reaches its apogee at Bolkonsky: “Tomorrow... I will finally have to show everything that I can do”; he is looking forward to the happy moment of his Toulon, anticipating doing everything just for him alone, dreaming of glory, fame, the love of people, triumph over them.

And this “happy moment” of a kind of ceremonial heroism comes: he rushes forward with the banner, dragging the battalion along with him. But then - a serious injury, and an epiphany sets in, an understanding of the insignificance of such a dream in comparison with the eternal values ​​personified in the image of the high sky. “What a beautiful death!” - Napoleon says, stopping his horse near the wounded Bolkonsky. And this idol of many fades in comparison with the high, fair, kind sky. Napoleon now seems to Bolkonsky to be a little man bringing evil and injustice into the world. 3

Thus ends this stage of the uneven, dramatic path of Bolkonsky’s quest. The next stage - after his recovery and the death of his wife, which brought an acute sense of guilt towards her - is marked by an effective relief of the situation of the peasants on their estates: he lists some as free cultivators, and replaces corvée with quitrent for others. But this “one of the first examples in Russia” does not bring Bolkonsky satisfaction, since the men greet the innovations with distrust.

He is not satisfied with the attempt to join Speransky’s reform activities. And in this case, Bolkonsky will not avoid illusions. It seemed to him that Alexander I was taking steps towards state transformation and limiting his power. But upon closer examination, he notices that the intentions of Speransky and others to legally change the court, administrative, and financial systems in Russia are not realistic, just like the project to free the peasants, update the military regulations, establish new “Rights of Persons,” etc. The crisis experienced by Bolkonsky at this stage is replaced, albeit not for long, by “recovery”, a return to life.

This entails attention to nature (night in Otradnoye, a blossoming, withered oak tree), love for Natasha Rostova. But love also turns out to be dramatic for him. High morality, increased self-esteem and rationality, maximal demands on others and on himself “prevented” him from both predicting the possibility of a catastrophe (long separation is not for Natasha, who acutely experiences the feeling of love), and from forgiving betrayal (and even with such an unworthy person, like Anatol Kuragin).

A break for Bolkonsky, a man of honor and duty, seemed to be the only way out, despite his deeply realized misfortune. At the last stage of his life, Prince Andrey is a participant in the Patriotic War of 1812. After breaking up with Natasha, he decides to serve in the army, but not at headquarters, but as a regimental commander. “In the regiment they called him “our prince,” they were proud of him and loved him.” He refused the opportunity to be with the person of the sovereign or commander-in-chief. “I got used to the regiment, fell in love with the officers, and the people seemed to love me. I would be sorry to leave the regiment.” Kutuzov responds to these words with agreement: “I know that your road is the road of honor.”

On the eve of the Battle of Borodino, Bolkonsky begins to overcome his class view of the people; he puts himself on a par with him.

The success of the battle “depends on the feeling that is in me, in officer Timokhin, in every soldier.” Death overtook Andrei Bolkonsky on the approaches to victory, just when he was taking the first steps towards rapprochement with the people, when his belated reconciliation with Natasha Rostova took place. In the dramatic unrealized personal happiness and oppositional civic activity - a kind of echo of the tragic fate of the Decembrists.

• Patriotism can be both true and false
• A true patriot will not dare to betray his homeland even under the threat of death
• Patriotism is manifested in the desire to make one’s native country better, cleaner, and to protect it from the enemy.
• A huge number of striking examples of the manifestation of patriotism can be found in wartime
• A patriot is ready for even the most reckless act, which can bring people at least a little closer to saving the country
• A true patriot is faithful to the oath and his own moral principles

Arguments

M. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man.” During the war, Andrei Sokolov repeatedly proved that he deserves to be called a patriot of his country. Patriotism manifested itself in enormous willpower and heroism. Even under the threat of death during interrogation by Müller, he decides to preserve his Russian dignity and show the German the qualities of a real Russian soldier. Andrei Sokolov’s refusal to drink German weapons for the victory, despite the famine, is direct evidence that he is a patriot. The behavior of Andrei Sokolov seems to summarize the fortitude and steadfastness of a Soviet soldier who truly loves his Motherland.

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". In the epic novel, the reader is faced with the concept of true and false patriotism. All representatives of the Bolkonsky and Rostov families, as well as Pierre Bezukhov, can be called true patriots. These people are ready to defend their Motherland at any moment. Prince Andrei, even after being wounded, goes to war, no longer dreaming of glory, but simply defending his homeland. Pierre Bezukhov, who does not really understand anything about military operations, like a true patriot, remains in Moscow captured by the enemy to kill Napoleon. Nikolai and Petya Rostov are fighting, and Natasha does not spare the carts and gives them to transport the wounded. Everything suggests that these people are worthy children of their country. This cannot be said about the Kuragins, who are patriots only in words, but do not back up their words with actions. They talk about patriotism only for their own benefit. Consequently, not everyone from whom we hear about patriotism can be called a true patriot.

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". Pyotr Grinev cannot even admit the thought of swearing allegiance to the impostor Pugachev, although this threatens him with death. He is a man of honor, true to his oath and his word, a true soldier. Although Pugachev is kind to Pyotr Grinev, the young soldier does not strive to please him or promise not to touch his people. In the most difficult situations, Petr Grinev resists the invaders. And although the hero more than once turns to Pugachev for help, he cannot be accused of betrayal, because he does all this to save Masha Mironova. Pyotr Grinev is a true patriot, ready to give his life for his Motherland, as his actions prove. The accusations of treason that are brought against him in court are false, which is why in the end justice prevails.

V. Kondratyev “Sashka”. Sashka is a man who fights selflessly, at full strength. And although he beats the enemy with hatred, a sense of justice forces the hero not to kill a captured German, his peer, who unexpectedly found himself in the war. This is, of course, not betrayal. Sashka’s thoughts at the sight of Moscow, not captured by the enemy, confirm that he is a true patriot. Seeing a city in which almost the same life is in full swing, the hero realizes how important what he did on the front line is. Sashka is ready to defend his native country, because he understands how important it is.

N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". For the Cossacks, protecting their native land is the basis of their existence. It is not for nothing that the work says that it is difficult to resist the power of angry Cossacks. Old Taras Bulba is a true patriot who does not tolerate betrayal. He even kills his youngest son Andriy, who went over to the side of the enemy because of his love for a beautiful Polish woman. Taras Bulba does not take into account his own child, because his moral principles are unshakable: betrayal of the Motherland cannot be justified by anything. All this confirms that Taras Bulba is characterized by a sense of patriotism, like other real Cossacks, including Ostap, his eldest son.

A.T. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin". The image of Vasily Terkin serves as the ideal embodiment of a simple Soviet soldier, ready at any moment to perform a feat in order to bring victory over the enemy closer. It costs Terkin nothing to swim across an icy river covered with ice in order to convey the necessary instructions to the other bank. He himself does not see this as a feat. And the soldier commits similar actions more than once throughout the work. Without a doubt, he can be called a true patriot, fighting for a bright future for his country.